1 Samuel 2:12-17
New American Standard Bible
The Sin of Eli’s Sons
12 Now the sons of Eli were [a](A)useless men; they did not know the Lord. 13 (B)And this was the custom of the priests with the people: when anyone was offering a sacrifice, the priest’s servant would come while the meat was cooking, with a three-pronged fork in his hand. 14 And he would thrust it into the pan, or kettle, or caldron, or pot; everything that the fork brought up, the priest would take for himself. They did so in Shiloh to all the Israelites who came there. 15 Also, before (C)they [b]burned the fat, the priest’s servant would come and say to the man who was sacrificing, “Give the priest meat for roasting, as he will not take cooked meat from you, only raw.” 16 And if the man said to him, “They must [c]burn the fat [d]first, then take as much as [e]you desire,” then he would say, “No, but you must give it to me now; and if not, I am taking it by force!” 17 And so the sin of the young men was very great before the Lord, for the men (D)treated the offering of the Lord disrespectfully.
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- 1 Samuel 2:12 Lit sons of Belial
- 1 Samuel 2:15 Lit offered up in smoke
- 1 Samuel 2:16 Lit offer up in smoke
- 1 Samuel 2:16 Lit as the day
- 1 Samuel 2:16 Lit your soul desires
1 Samuel 2:12-17
New English Translation
12 But the sons of Eli were wicked men.[a] They did not acknowledge the Lord’s authority.[b] 13 This was the priests’ routine with the people. Whenever anyone was making a sacrifice,[c] the priest’s attendant would come with a three-pronged fork[d] in his hand, just as the meat was boiling. 14 He would jab it into the basin, kettle, cauldron, or pot. Everything that the fork would bring up the priest would take for himself. This is how they used to treat all the Israelites[e] who came there[f] to Shiloh.
15 Also, before they burned the fat the priest’s attendant would come and say to the person who was making the sacrifice, “Give some meat for the priest to roast! He[g] won’t accept boiled meat from you, but only raw.”[h] 16 If[i] the individual said to him, “They should certainly burn[j] the fat away first, then take for yourself[k] whatever you wish,”[l] then he would say, “No![m] Give it now! If not, I’ll take it by force!”[n] 17 The sin of these young men[o] was very great in the Lord’s sight, for they[p] treated the Lord’s offering with contempt.
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- 1 Samuel 2:12 tn Heb “sons of worthlessness.”
- 1 Samuel 2:12 tn Heb “they did not know the Lord.” The verb here has the semantic nuance “acknowledge [the authority of].” Eli’s sons obviously knew who the Lord was; they served in his sanctuary. But they did not acknowledge his moral authority.
- 1 Samuel 2:13 tc The LXX reads “As to the right of the priests from the people, [from] anyone sacrificing.”
- 1 Samuel 2:13 sn The Hebrew word occurs only twice in the OT, here and again in v. 14. Its exact meaning is not entirely clear, although from the context it appears to be a sacrificial tool used for retrieving things from boiling water.
- 1 Samuel 2:14 tn Heb “everyone of Israel.”
- 1 Samuel 2:14 tc The LXX reads “who came to sacrifice at Shiloh.”
- 1 Samuel 2:15 tc LXX “I.”
- 1 Samuel 2:15 tn Heb “living.”
- 1 Samuel 2:16 tn The Hebrew has a preterite verb, normally “and then he said.” In this case it gives the next event in a sequence that is modal and describes something typical in past time. Most English translations add “if” because this is a possible and common scenario rather than a specific incident only.
- 1 Samuel 2:16 tc The construction is a Piel infinitive absolute followed by a Hiphil imperfect, the only case of such syntax. Normally the infinitive absolute agrees with the verbal stem of the main verb, or sometimes is Qal when the main verb is not. The LXX renders in the passive voice, “the fat should be burned,” probably interpreting the consonants of these verbs as Pual forms.
- 1 Samuel 2:16 tc The LXX adds “from any.”
- 1 Samuel 2:16 tn Heb “whatever your soul desires.”
- 1 Samuel 2:16 tc The translation follows the Qere and many medieval Hebrew mss (“no”) rather than the MT’s Kethib, which reads “to him.”
- 1 Samuel 2:16 tc The Qumran text, 4QSama, reads “you must give and I will take by force.” 4QSama continues with a text similar to vss 13-14, in which the priest’s servant describes stabbing the trident into the pot to take whatever would come up. Either this repetition was original and the MT and LXX eliminated the redundancy, or the tradition behind the Qumran scroll may have read these elements in a different order than the MT and LXX and then added the material to the earlier location (matching the MT and LXX) resulting in the repetition. See Graeme Auld, I & II Samuel (Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2011) 44-45.
- 1 Samuel 2:17 tn The term נַעַר (naʿar), here translated “young men,” often refers to a servant or apprentice in line for a position of authority. The same term describes Samuel in vs 11 and 18. The repetition helps establish the contrast between Samuel and Eli’s sons.
- 1 Samuel 2:17 tc Heb “the men,” which is absent from one medieval Hebrew ms, a Qumran ms, and the LXX.
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