15 Then Samuel went[a] from Gilgal to Gibeah in Benjamin. Saul registered the troops who were with him, about 600 men.

16 Saul, his son Jonathan, and the troops who were with them were staying in Geba(A) of Benjamin, and the Philistines were camped at Michmash. 17 Raiding parties(B) went out from the Philistine camp in three divisions. One division headed toward the Ophrah(C) road leading to the land of Shual. 18 The next division headed toward the Beth-horon(D) road, and the last division headed down the border road that looks out over the Valley of Zeboim(E) toward the wilderness.

19 No blacksmith could be found in all the land of Israel,(F) because the Philistines had said, “Otherwise, the Hebrews will make swords or spears.” 20 So all the Israelites went to the Philistines to sharpen their plows, mattocks, axes, and sickles.[b] 21 The price was two-thirds of a shekel[c] for plows and mattocks, and one-third of a shekel for pitchforks and axes, and for putting a point on an oxgoad. 22 So on the day of battle not a sword or spear could be found in the hand of any of the troops who were with Saul(G) and Jonathan; only Saul and his son Jonathan had weapons.

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Footnotes

  1. 1 Samuel 13:15 LXX reads Samuel left Gilgal and went on his way, and the rest of the people followed Saul to join the people in his army. They went
  2. 1 Samuel 13:20 LXX; MT reads plowshares
  3. 1 Samuel 13:21 Lit of a pim; about ¼ ounce of silver

15 Then Samuel got up and went from Gilgal to Gibeah of Benjamin. Saul mustered the people present with him, about 600 men. 16 Saul, his son Jonathan, and the people present with them remained in Geba of Benjamin, while the Philistines camped in Michmash. 17 Raiders went out of the Philistine camp in three companies. One company turned in the direction of[a] Ophrah, to the land of Shual, 18 one company turned in the direction of[b] Beth-horon, while the one company turned toward the border[c] that overlooks the valley of Zeboiim toward the desert.

The Philistine Monopoly on Metal Working

19 No blacksmith could be found in all the land of Israel because the Philistines thought, “This will keep the Hebrews from making swords or spears.” 20 Everyone in Israel would have to go to the Philistines so each person could sharpen his plow, his mattock, his axe, and his sickle.[d] 21 The charge was one pin[e] for plows, mattocks, three pronged forks,[f] and axes, or for setting the goads. 22 On the day of battle, none of the people who were with Saul and Jonathan were armed with swords or spears, but Saul and his son Jonathan did have[g] them.

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Footnotes

  1. 1 Samuel 13:17 Or along the road to
  2. 1 Samuel 13:18 Or along the road to
  3. 1 Samuel 13:18 Or along the border road
  4. 1 Samuel 13:20 So LXX; MT, plow
  5. 1 Samuel 13:21 I.e. a unit of measurement equal to about 2/3 of a shekel, weighing about 0.3 ounces; one shekel weighed about 0.4 ounces
  6. 1 Samuel 13:21 The meaning of MT is uncertain
  7. 1 Samuel 13:22 Lit. were found with