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Final Greetings

12 I wrote this short letter ·with the help of Silas [L through Silvanus; C a variant of Silas; he either helped write the letter or carried it], who I know is a faithful brother in Christ. I wrote to ·encourage [exhort] you and to ·tell [testify/witness to] you that this is the true grace of God. Stand strong in that grace.

13 ·The church in Babylon [L She who is in Babylon; C “Babylon” is probably a veiled (and negative) name for Rome], who was chosen like you, sends you greetings. Mark, ·my son in Christ [L my son; C but probably a spiritual rather than a physical relationship], also greets you. 14 ·Give each other a kiss of Christian love when you meet [L Greet one another with a kiss of love].

Peace to all of you who are in Christ.

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12 By [a]Silvanus, our faithful brother (as I consider him), I have written to you briefly, to counsel and testify that this is the true grace [the undeserved favor] of God. Stand firm in it! 13 She [the church] who is in Babylon, chosen together with you, sends you greetings, and so does my son [in the faith], Mark. 14 Greet one another with a kiss of love.

To all of you who are in Christ, may there be peace.

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Footnotes

  1. 1 Peter 5:12 The Roman name of Silas, Paul’s companion during his second missionary journey (Acts 15:22; 1 Thess 1:1; 2 Thess 1:1).