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20 Ahab sent messengers to all the Israelites and had the prophets assemble at Mount Carmel. 21 Elijah approached all the people and said, “How long are you going to be paralyzed by indecision?[a] If the Lord is the true God,[b] then follow him, but if Baal is, follow him!” But the people did not say a word. 22 Elijah said to them:[c] “I am the only prophet of the Lord who is left, but there are 450 prophets of Baal. 23 Let them bring us two bulls. Let them choose one of the bulls for themselves, cut it up into pieces, and place it on the wood. But they must not set it on fire. I will do the same to the other bull and place it on the wood. But I will not set it on fire. 24 Then you[d] will invoke the name of your god, and I will invoke the name of the Lord. The god who responds with fire will demonstrate that he is the true God.”[e] All the people responded, “This will be a fair test.”[f]

25 Elijah told the prophets of Baal, “Choose one of the bulls for yourselves and go first, for you are the majority. Invoke the name of your god, but do not light a fire.”[g] 26 So they took a bull, as he had suggested,[h] and prepared it. They invoked the name of Baal from morning until noon, saying, “Baal, answer us.” But there was no sound and no answer. They jumped[i] around on the altar they had made.[j] 27 At noon Elijah mocked them, “Yell louder! After all, he is a god; he may be deep in thought, or perhaps he stepped out for a moment or has taken a trip. Perhaps he is sleeping and needs to be awakened.”[k] 28 So they yelled louder and, in accordance with their prescribed ritual,[l] mutilated themselves with swords and spears until their bodies were covered with blood.[m] 29 Throughout the afternoon they were in an ecstatic frenzy,[n] but there was no sound, no answer, and no response.[o]

30 Elijah then told all the people, “Approach me.” So all the people approached him. He repaired the altar of the Lord that had been torn down.[p] 31 Then Elijah took twelve stones, corresponding to the number of tribes that descended from Jacob, to whom the Lord’s message had come, “Israel will be your name.”[q] 32 With the stones he constructed an altar for the Lord.[r] Around the altar he made a trench large enough to contain two seahs[s] of seed. 33 He arranged the wood, cut up the bull, and placed it on the wood. Then he said, “Fill four water jars and pour the water on the offering and the wood.” 34 When they had done so,[t] he said, “Do it again.” So they did it again. Then he said, “Do it a third time.” So they did it a third time. 35 The water flowed down all sides of the altar and filled the trench. 36 When it was time for the evening offering,[u] Elijah the prophet approached the altar[v] and prayed: “O Lord God of Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, prove[w] today that you are God in Israel and that I am your servant and have done all these things at your command. 37 Answer me, O Lord, answer me, so these people will know that you, O Lord, are the true God[x] and that you are winning back their allegiance.”[y] 38 Then fire from the Lord fell from the sky.[z] It consumed the offering, the wood, the stones, and the dirt, and licked up the water in the trench. 39 When all the people saw this, they threw themselves down with their faces to the ground and said, “The Lord is the true God![aa] The Lord is the true God!” 40 Elijah told them, “Seize the prophets of Baal! Don’t let even one of them escape!” So they seized them, and Elijah led them down to the Kishon Valley and executed[ab] them there.

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Notas al pie

  1. 1 Kings 18:21 tn Heb “How long are you going to limp around on two crutches?” (see HALOT 762 s.v. סְעִפִּים). In context this idiomatic expression refers to indecision rather than physical disability.
  2. 1 Kings 18:21 tn Heb “the God.”
  3. 1 Kings 18:22 tn Heb “to the people.”
  4. 1 Kings 18:24 tn Elijah now directly addresses the prophets.
  5. 1 Kings 18:24 tn Heb “the God.”
  6. 1 Kings 18:24 tn Heb “The matter [i.e., proposal] is good [i.e., acceptable].”
  7. 1 Kings 18:25 tc The last sentence of v. 25 is absent in the Syriac Peshitta.
  8. 1 Kings 18:26 tn Heb “and they took the bull which he allowed them.”
  9. 1 Kings 18:26 tn Heb “limped” (the same verb is used in v. 21).
  10. 1 Kings 18:26 tc The MT has “which he made,” but some medieval Hebrew mss and the ancient versions have the plural form of the verb.
  11. 1 Kings 18:27 sn Elijah’s sarcastic proposals would have been especially offensive and irritating to Baal’s prophets, for they believed Baal was imprisoned in the underworld as death’s captive during this time of drought. Elijah’s apparent ignorance of their theology is probably designed for dramatic effect; indeed the suggestion that Baal is away on a trip or deep in sleep comes precariously close to the truth as viewed by the prophets.
  12. 1 Kings 18:28 tn Or “as was their custom.”
  13. 1 Kings 18:28 tn Heb “until blood poured out on them.”sn mutilated…covered with blood. This self-mutilation was a mourning rite designed to facilitate Baal’s return from the underworld.
  14. 1 Kings 18:29 tn Heb “when noon passed they prophesied until the offering up of the offering.”
  15. 1 Kings 18:29 tc The Old Greek translation and Syriac Peshitta include the following words here: “When it was time to offer the sacrifice, Elijah the Tishbite spoke to the prophets of the abominations: ‘Stand aside for the time being, and I will offer my burnt offering.’ So they stood aside and departed.”sn In 2 Kgs 4:31 the words “there was no sound and there was no response” are used to describe a dead boy. Similar words are used here to describe the god Baal as dead and therefore unresponsive.
  16. 1 Kings 18:30 sn Torn down. The condition of the altar symbolizes the spiritual state of the people.
  17. 1 Kings 18:31 sn Israel will be your name. See Gen 32:28; 35:10.
  18. 1 Kings 18:32 tn Heb “and he built the stones into an altar in the name of the Lord.”
  19. 1 Kings 18:32 tn A seah was a dry measure equivalent to about seven quarts.
  20. 1 Kings 18:34 tn The words “when they had done so” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
  21. 1 Kings 18:36 tn Heb “at the offering up of the offering.”
  22. 1 Kings 18:36 tn The words “the altar” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
  23. 1 Kings 18:36 tn Heb “let it be known.”
  24. 1 Kings 18:37 tn Heb “the God.”
  25. 1 Kings 18:37 tn Heb “that you are turning their heart[s] back.”
  26. 1 Kings 18:38 tn The words “from the sky” are added for stylistic reasons.
  27. 1 Kings 18:39 tn Heb “the God” (the phrase occurs twice in this verse).
  28. 1 Kings 18:40 tn Or “slaughtered.”

20 So Ahab sent word among the Israelites,[a] and he assembled the prophets to Mount Carmel. 21 Elijah approached to all the people and said, “How long will you go limping over two opinions? If Yahweh is God, go after him; but if Baal, go after him.” But the people did not answer him a word. 22 Then Elijah said to the people, “I alone am left a prophet of Yahweh, but the prophets of Baal are four hundred and fifty men. 23 Let them give us two bulls, and let them choose for themselves one bull, cut him in pieces, and put it on the wood, but don’t let them start a fire on it. I will prepare the other bull and set it on the wood, but I will put no fire on it. 24 Then you call on the name of your god, and I will call on the name of Yahweh, and it shall be that the god who answers by fire, he is God.”[b] Then all the people answered and said, “The word is good!”

25 Then Elijah said to the prophets of Baal, “Choose for yourselves one bull and prepare it first, for you are the majority, and call on the name of your god, but don’t set fire under it.” 26 So they took the bull that he allowed to them, prepared it, and called upon the name of Baal from morning until noon, saying, “O Baal, answer us!” But there was no voice and there was no answer, so they limped[c] about the altar which they had made. 27 It happened at noon that Elijah mocked them and said, “Call out with a loud voice, for he is a god! Perhaps he is meditating, or is using the bathroom,[d] or is on a journey. Perhaps he is asleep and must wake up!” 28 So they called out with a loud voice, and they cut themselves with swords and with spears as was their custom, until the blood poured out over them. 29 It happened as noon passed, they raged until the time of the evening offering, but there was no voice, there was no answer, and no one paid attention.

30 Then Elijah said to all the people, “Come near to me,” so all the people came closer to him. He repaired the altar of Yahweh that had been destroyed. 31 Elijah took twelve stones according to the number of the tribes of the sons of Jacob, to whom the word of God came, saying, “Israel shall be your name.” 32 With them, he built an altar in the name of Yahweh, and he made a trench which would have held[e] about two seahs of seed, all around the altar. 33 And he arranged the wood, cut the bull into pieces, and placed it on the wood.[f] Then he said, “Fill four jars with water, and pour it on the burnt offering and on the wood.” 34 He said, “Do it again!” They did it again. He said, “Do it a third time!” So they did it a third time. 35 The water went all around the altar, and the trench also was filled with water.

36 It happened at the offering of the evening oblation, Elijah the prophet went near, and he said, “O Yahweh, God of Abraham, Isaac, and Israel; let it be known today that you are God in Israel and that I am your servant and that I have done all of these things by your words. 37 Answer me, O Yahweh, answer me; that this people may know that you, O Yahweh, are God and that you have turned their hearts back again.” 38 Then the fire of Yahweh fell, and it consumed the burnt offering, and the wood, and the stones, and the dust; and the water which was in the trench it licked up! 39 When all the people saw, they fell on their faces and said, “Yahweh, he is God! Yahweh, he is God!” 40 Then Elijah said to them, “Seize the prophets of Baal; don’t let any man of them escape!” So they seized them, and Elijah brought them down to the wadi[g] of Kishon and killed them there.

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Notas al pie

  1. 1 Kings 18:20 Literally “sons/children of Israel”
  2. 1 Kings 18:24 Baal is known in Canaanite texts as being the god in control of lightning and fire
  3. 1 Kings 18:26 That is, moved about the altar in a cultic dance step
  4. 1 Kings 18:27 Literally “has backed off for himself”
  5. 1 Kings 18:32 Literally “as the house of”
  6. 1 Kings 18:33 in the Hebrew Bible, 1 Kings 18:34 begins here
  7. 1 Kings 18:40 A valley that is dry most of the year, but contains a stream during the rainy season