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20 Ahab sent messengers to all the Israelites and had the prophets assemble at Mount Carmel. 21 Elijah approached all the people and said, “How long are you going to be paralyzed by indecision?[a] If the Lord is the true God,[b] then follow him, but if Baal is, follow him!” But the people did not say a word. 22 Elijah said to them:[c] “I am the only prophet of the Lord who is left, but there are 450 prophets of Baal. 23 Let them bring us two bulls. Let them choose one of the bulls for themselves, cut it up into pieces, and place it on the wood. But they must not set it on fire. I will do the same to the other bull and place it on the wood. But I will not set it on fire. 24 Then you[d] will invoke the name of your god, and I will invoke the name of the Lord. The god who responds with fire will demonstrate that he is the true God.”[e] All the people responded, “This will be a fair test.”[f]

25 Elijah told the prophets of Baal, “Choose one of the bulls for yourselves and go first, for you are the majority. Invoke the name of your god, but do not light a fire.”[g] 26 So they took a bull, as he had suggested,[h] and prepared it. They invoked the name of Baal from morning until noon, saying, “Baal, answer us.” But there was no sound and no answer. They jumped[i] around on the altar they had made.[j] 27 At noon Elijah mocked them, “Yell louder! After all, he is a god; he may be deep in thought, or perhaps he stepped out for a moment or has taken a trip. Perhaps he is sleeping and needs to be awakened.”[k] 28 So they yelled louder and, in accordance with their prescribed ritual,[l] mutilated themselves with swords and spears until their bodies were covered with blood.[m] 29 Throughout the afternoon they were in an ecstatic frenzy,[n] but there was no sound, no answer, and no response.[o]

30 Elijah then told all the people, “Approach me.” So all the people approached him. He repaired the altar of the Lord that had been torn down.[p] 31 Then Elijah took twelve stones, corresponding to the number of tribes that descended from Jacob, to whom the Lord’s message had come, “Israel will be your name.”[q] 32 With the stones he constructed an altar for the Lord.[r] Around the altar he made a trench large enough to contain two seahs[s] of seed. 33 He arranged the wood, cut up the bull, and placed it on the wood. Then he said, “Fill four water jars and pour the water on the offering and the wood.” 34 When they had done so,[t] he said, “Do it again.” So they did it again. Then he said, “Do it a third time.” So they did it a third time. 35 The water flowed down all sides of the altar and filled the trench. 36 When it was time for the evening offering,[u] Elijah the prophet approached the altar[v] and prayed: “O Lord God of Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, prove[w] today that you are God in Israel and that I am your servant and have done all these things at your command. 37 Answer me, O Lord, answer me, so these people will know that you, O Lord, are the true God[x] and that you are winning back their allegiance.”[y] 38 Then fire from the Lord fell from the sky.[z] It consumed the offering, the wood, the stones, and the dirt, and licked up the water in the trench. 39 When all the people saw this, they threw themselves down with their faces to the ground and said, “The Lord is the true God![aa] The Lord is the true God!” 40 Elijah told them, “Seize the prophets of Baal! Don’t let even one of them escape!” So they seized them, and Elijah led them down to the Kishon Valley and executed[ab] them there.

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Footnotes

  1. 1 Kings 18:21 tn Heb “How long are you going to limp around on two crutches?” (see HALOT 762 s.v. סְעִפִּים). In context this idiomatic expression refers to indecision rather than physical disability.
  2. 1 Kings 18:21 tn Heb “the God.”
  3. 1 Kings 18:22 tn Heb “to the people.”
  4. 1 Kings 18:24 tn Elijah now directly addresses the prophets.
  5. 1 Kings 18:24 tn Heb “the God.”
  6. 1 Kings 18:24 tn Heb “The matter [i.e., proposal] is good [i.e., acceptable].”
  7. 1 Kings 18:25 tc The last sentence of v. 25 is absent in the Syriac Peshitta.
  8. 1 Kings 18:26 tn Heb “and they took the bull which he allowed them.”
  9. 1 Kings 18:26 tn Heb “limped” (the same verb is used in v. 21).
  10. 1 Kings 18:26 tc The MT has “which he made,” but some medieval Hebrew mss and the ancient versions have the plural form of the verb.
  11. 1 Kings 18:27 sn Elijah’s sarcastic proposals would have been especially offensive and irritating to Baal’s prophets, for they believed Baal was imprisoned in the underworld as death’s captive during this time of drought. Elijah’s apparent ignorance of their theology is probably designed for dramatic effect; indeed the suggestion that Baal is away on a trip or deep in sleep comes precariously close to the truth as viewed by the prophets.
  12. 1 Kings 18:28 tn Or “as was their custom.”
  13. 1 Kings 18:28 tn Heb “until blood poured out on them.”sn mutilated…covered with blood. This self-mutilation was a mourning rite designed to facilitate Baal’s return from the underworld.
  14. 1 Kings 18:29 tn Heb “when noon passed they prophesied until the offering up of the offering.”
  15. 1 Kings 18:29 tc The Old Greek translation and Syriac Peshitta include the following words here: “When it was time to offer the sacrifice, Elijah the Tishbite spoke to the prophets of the abominations: ‘Stand aside for the time being, and I will offer my burnt offering.’ So they stood aside and departed.”sn In 2 Kgs 4:31 the words “there was no sound and there was no response” are used to describe a dead boy. Similar words are used here to describe the god Baal as dead and therefore unresponsive.
  16. 1 Kings 18:30 sn Torn down. The condition of the altar symbolizes the spiritual state of the people.
  17. 1 Kings 18:31 sn Israel will be your name. See Gen 32:28; 35:10.
  18. 1 Kings 18:32 tn Heb “and he built the stones into an altar in the name of the Lord.”
  19. 1 Kings 18:32 tn A seah was a dry measure equivalent to about seven quarts.
  20. 1 Kings 18:34 tn The words “when they had done so” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
  21. 1 Kings 18:36 tn Heb “at the offering up of the offering.”
  22. 1 Kings 18:36 tn The words “the altar” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
  23. 1 Kings 18:36 tn Heb “let it be known.”
  24. 1 Kings 18:37 tn Heb “the God.”
  25. 1 Kings 18:37 tn Heb “that you are turning their heart[s] back.”
  26. 1 Kings 18:38 tn The words “from the sky” are added for stylistic reasons.
  27. 1 Kings 18:39 tn Heb “the God” (the phrase occurs twice in this verse).
  28. 1 Kings 18:40 tn Or “slaughtered.”

Elijah Defeats the Prophets of Baal

20 Ahab sent for the Israelis and brought the prophets together at Mount Carmel, 21 where Elijah approached all the people and asked them, “How long will you keep hesitating[a] between both sides? If the Lord is God, go after him. If Baal, go after him.”

But the people didn’t say a word.

22 So Elijah told the people, “I’m the only one left over as a prophet of the Lord, am I? But Baal’s prophets number 450 men? 23 So let them provide two oxen. They can choose one ox for themselves. Cut it up, lay it on top of some wood, but don’t set fire to it. I will prepare the other ox and lay it on top of some wood, and I won’t set fire to it. 24 Then you can call on the name of your god, and I’ll call on the name of the Lord. Let the God who answers by fire be our God!”

“That’s a good idea!” all the people shouted.

25 So Elijah told the prophets of Baal, “Choose an ox for yourselves and you prepare it first, since there are so many of you. Call on the name of your god, but don’t set fire to the offering.”

26 So they took the ox that was given to them, prepared it, and called on the name of Baal from early morning until noon. “Baal! Answer us!” they cried. But there was no response. Nobody answered. So they kept on dancing[b] around the altar that they had made.

27 Starting about noon, Elijah began to tease them:

“Shout louder!

“He’s a god, so maybe he’s busy.

“Maybe he’s relieving himself.

“Maybe he’s busy someplace.

“Maybe he’s taking a nap and somebody needs to wake him up.”

28 So the prophets of Baal[c] cried even louder and slashed themselves with swords and lances until their blood gushed out all over them, as was their custom. 29 They kept on raving right through midday and until it was time to offer the evening sacrifice, but there was still no response. Nobody answered, and nobody paid attention.

30 Eventually, Elijah told everybody, “Come here!” So everybody approached him, and he repaired the Lord’s altar that had been torn down. 31 Elijah took twelve stones, one for each of the tribes of Jacob’s descendants, to whom the message from the Lord had come that “Israel is to be your name.” 32 So Elijah used the stones to build an altar to the name of the Lord. But then he dug a trench around the altar large enough to hold two measures[d] of seed. 33 Then he laid the wood in order, cut the bull into pieces, and laid them on top of the wood.

“Fill four pitchers with water,” he ordered. “Then pour them out on the burnt offering and the wood.”

34 “Do it a second time,” he ordered. So they did it a second time.

“Do it a third time,” he said. So they did it a third time. 35 The water ran down around the altar and completely filled the trench.[e]

Elijah’s Prayer and God’s Answer by Fire

36 As the time for the evening offering arrived, Elijah the prophet approached and said, “Lord God of Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, let it be known today that you are God in Israel and that I, your servant, have done all of this in obedience to your word. 37 Answer me, Lord! Answer me so that this people may know that you, Lord, are God, and that you are turning back their hearts again.”

38 Right then the Lord’s fire fell and consumed the burnt offering, the wood, the stones, the dust, and even the water that was in the trench! 39 When all the people saw what had happened, they fell flat on their faces and cried out “The Lord is God! The Lord is God!”

40 But Elijah said, “Arrest the prophets of Baal. Don’t let even one of them get away.” So the people[f] seized them, and Elijah brought them down to the Wadi[g] Kishon and executed them there.

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Footnotes

  1. 1 Kings 18:21 Lit. dancing; or limping
  2. 1 Kings 18:26 Or limping
  3. 1 Kings 18:28 Lit. So they
  4. 1 Kings 18:32 Lit. seahs; or hold four gallons; i.e. a trench encircling the altar and wide enough that a container holding about four gallons could be laid inside it
  5. 1 Kings 18:35 Lit. trench with water
  6. 1 Kings 18:40 Lit. So they
  7. 1 Kings 18:40 I.e. a seasonal stream or river that channels water during rain seasons but is dry at other times