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1 Chronicles 3-5
New English Translation

David’s Descendants

3 These were the sons of David who were born to him in Hebron:

The firstborn was Amnon, whose mother was Ahinoam from Jezreel;

the second was Daniel, whose mother was Abigail from Carmel;

2 the third was Absalom whose mother was Maacah, daughter of King Talmai of Geshur;

the fourth was Adonijah, whose mother was Haggith;

3 the fifth was Shephatiah, whose mother was Abital;

the sixth was Ithream, whose mother was Eglah, David’s wife.[a]

4 These six were born to David[b] in Hebron, where he ruled for seven years and six months.

He ruled thirty-three years in Jerusalem. 5 These were the sons born to him in Jerusalem:

Shimea,[c] Shobab, Nathan, and Solomon—the mother of these four was Bathsheba[d] the daughter of Ammiel.[e]

6 The other nine were Ibhar, Elishua,[f] Elpelet,[g] 7 Nogah, Nepheg, Japhia, 8 Elishama, Eliada, and Eliphelet.

9 These were all the sons of David, not counting the sons of his concubines.[h] Tamar was their sister.

Solomon’s Descendants

10 Solomon’s son was Rehoboam,

followed by Abijah his son,

Asa his son,

Jehoshaphat his son,

11 Joram[i] his son,

Ahaziah his son,

Joash his son,

12 Amaziah his son,

Azariah his son,

Jotham his son,

13 Ahaz his son,

Hezekiah his son,

Manasseh his son,

14 Amon his son,

Josiah his son.

15 The sons of Josiah: Johanan was the firstborn; Jehoiakim was born second; Zedekiah third; and Shallum fourth.

16 The sons of Jehoiakim: his son Jehoiachin[j] and his son Zedekiah.

17 The sons of Jehoiachin the exile:[k] Shealtiel his son, 18 Malkiram, Pedaiah, Shenazzar, Jekamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah.

19 The sons of Pedaiah: Zerubbabel and Shimei.

The sons of Zerubbabel: Meshullam and Hananiah. Shelomith was their sister.

20 The five others were Hashubah, Ohel, Berechiah, Hasadiah, and Jushab Hesed.

21 The descendants of Hananiah: Pelatiah, Jeshaiah, the sons of Rephaiah, of Arnan, of Obadiah, and of Shecaniah.

22 The descendants of Shecaniah: Shemaiah and his sons: Hattush, Igal, Bariah, Neariah, and Shaphat—six in all.

23 The sons of Neariah: Elioenai, Hizkiah, and Azrikam—three in all.

24 The sons of Elioenai: Hodaviah, Eliashib, Pelaiah, Akkub, Johanan, Delaiah, and Anani—seven in all.

Judah’s Descendants

4 The descendants of Judah: Perez, Hezron, Carmi, Hur, and Shobal.

2 Reaiah the son of Shobal was the father of Jahath, and Jahath was the father of Ahumai and Lahad. These were the clans of the Zorathites.

3 These were the sons of Etam: Jezreel, Ishma, and Idbash. Their sister was Hazzelelponi.

4 Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These were the descendants of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah and the father of Bethlehem.

5 Ashhur the father of Tekoa had two wives, Helah and Naarah. 6 Naarah bore him Ahuzzam, Hepher, Temeni, and Haahashtari. These were the sons of Naarah. 7 The sons of Helah: Zereth, Zohar, Ethnan, 8 and Koz, who was the father of Anub, Hazzobebah, and the clans of Aharhel the son of Harum.

9 Jabez was more respected than his brothers. His mother had named him Jabez, for she said, “I experienced pain when I gave birth to him.”[l] 10 Jabez called out to the God of Israel, “If only[m] you would greatly bless me and expand my territory.[n] May your hand be with me! Keep me from harm[o] so I might not endure pain.” God answered his prayer.[p]

11 Kelub, the brother of Shuhah, was the father of Mehir, who was the father of Eshton. 12 Eshton was the father of Beth Rapha, Paseah, and Tehinnah, the father of Ir Nahash.[q] These were the men of Recah.

13 The sons of Kenaz: Othniel and Seraiah.

The sons of Othniel: Hathath and Meonothai.[r] 14 Meonothai was the father of Ophrah.

Seraiah was the father of Joab, the father of those who live in the Valley of the Craftsmen,[s] for they were craftsmen.

15 The sons of Caleb son of Jephunneh: Iru, Elah, and Naam.

The son of Elah: Kenaz.[t]

16 The sons of Jehallelel: Ziph, Ziphah, Tiria, and Asarel.

17 The sons of Ezrah: Jether, Mered, Epher, and Jalon.

Mered’s wife Bithiah[u] gave birth to Miriam, Shammai, and Ishbah, the father of Eshtemoa. 18 (His Judahite wife gave birth to Jered the father of Gedor, Heber the father of Soco, and Jekuthiel the father of Zanoah.) These were the sons of Pharaoh’s daughter Bithiah, whom Mered married.[v]

19 The sons of Hodiah’s wife, the sister of Naham: the father of Keilah the Garmite, and Eshtemoa the Maacathite.

20 The sons of Shimon: Amnon, Rinnah, Ben Hanan, and Tilon.

The descendants of Ishi: Zoheth and Ben Zoheth.[w]

21 The sons of Shelah son of Judah: Er the father of Lecah, Laadah the father of Mareshah, the clans of the linen workers at Beth Ashbea, 22 Jokim, the men of Cozeba, and Joash and Saraph, both of whom ruled in Moab and Jashubi Lehem. (This information is from ancient records.)[x] 23 They were the potters who lived in Netaim and Gederah; they lived there and worked for the king.[y]

Simeon’s Descendants

24 The descendants of Simeon: Nemuel, Jamin, Jarib, Zerah, Shaul, 25 his son Shallum, his son Mibsam, and his son Mishma.

26 The descendants of Mishma: his son Hammuel, his son Zaccur, and his son Shimei.

27 Shimei had sixteen sons and six daughters. But his brothers did not have many sons, so their whole clan was not as numerous as the sons of Judah. 28 They lived in Beer Sheba, Moladah, Hazar Shual, 29 Bilhah, Ezem, Tolad, 30 Bethuel, Hormah, Ziklag, 31 Beth Marcaboth, Hazar Susim, Beth Biri, and Shaaraim. These were their towns until the reign of David. 32 Their settlements also included Etam, Ain, Rimmon, Tochen, and Ashan—five towns, 33 along with all their settlements that surrounded these towns as far as Baal.[z] These were the places where they lived; they kept genealogical records.

34 Their clan leaders were:[aa] Meshobab, Jamlech, Joshah son of Amaziah, 35 Joel, Jehu son of Joshibiah (son of Seraiah, son of Asiel), 36 Eleoenai, Jaakobah, Jeshohaiah, Asaiah, Adiel, Jesimiel, Benaiah, 37 Ziza son of Shipi (son of Allon, son of Jedaiah, son of Shimri, son of Shemaiah). 38 These who are named above were the leaders of their clans.

Their extended families increased greatly in numbers. 39 They went to the entrance of Gedor, to the east of the valley, looking for pasture for their sheep. 40 They found fertile and rich pasture; the land was very broad, undisturbed and peaceful. Indeed some Hamites had been living there before that. 41 The men whose names are listed came during the time of King Hezekiah of Judah and attacked the Hamites’ settlements,[ab] as well as the Meunites they discovered there, and they wiped them out, as can be seen to this very day. They dispossessed them,[ac] for they found pasture for their sheep there. 42 Five hundred men of Simeon, led by Pelatiah, Neariah, Rephaiah, and Uzziel, the sons of Ishi, went to the hill country of Seir 43 and defeated the rest of the Amalekite refugees;[ad] they live there to this very day.

Reuben’s Descendants

5 The sons of Reuben, Israel’s firstborn—

(Now he was the firstborn, but when he defiled his father’s bed,[ae] his rights as firstborn were given to the sons of Joseph, Israel’s son. So Reuben is not listed as firstborn in the genealogical records.[af] 2 Though Judah was the strongest among his brothers and a leader descended from him,[ag] the right of the firstborn belonged to Joseph.)

3 The sons of Reuben, Israel’s firstborn: Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.

4 The descendants of Joel: his son Shemaiah, his son Gog, his son Shimei, 5 his son Micah, his son Reaiah, his son Baal, 6 and his son Beerah, whom King Tiglath-Pileser[ah] of Assyria carried into exile. Beerah[ai] was the tribal leader of Reuben.

7 His brothers by their clans, as listed in their genealogical records:

The leader Jeiel, Zechariah, 8 and Bela son of Azaz, son of Shema, son of Joel.

They lived in Aroer as far as Nebo and Baal Meon. 9 In the east they settled as far as the entrance to the wilderness that stretches to the Euphrates River, for their cattle had increased in numbers in the land of Gilead. 10 During the time of Saul they attacked the Hagrites and defeated them. They took over their territory in the entire eastern region of Gilead.[aj]

Gad’s Descendants

11 The descendants of Gad lived near them in the land of Bashan, as far as Salecah.

12 They included Joel the leader, Shapham the second in command, Janai, and Shaphat in Bashan. 13 Their relatives, listed according to their families,[ak] included Michael, Meshullam, Sheba, Jorai, Jacan, Zia, and Eber—seven in all.

14 These were the sons of Abihail son of Huri, son of Jaroah, son of Gilead, son of Michael, son of Jeshishai, son of Jahdo, son of Buz. 15 Ahi son of Abdiel, son of Guni, was the leader of the family.[al] 16 They lived in Gilead, in Bashan and its surrounding settlements, and in the pasturelands of Sharon to their very borders.[am] 17 All of them were listed in the genealogical records in the time of King Jotham of Judah and in the time of King Jeroboam of Israel.

18 The Reubenites, Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh had 44,760 men in their combined armies, warriors who carried shields and swords, were equipped with bows, and were trained for war.[an] 19 They attacked[ao] the Hagrites, Jetur, Naphish, and Nodab. 20 They received divine help in fighting them, and the Hagrites and all their allies were handed over to them. They cried out to God during the battle; he responded to their prayers because they trusted in him.[ap] 21 They seized the Hagrites’[aq] animals, including 50,000 camels, 250,000 sheep, and 2,000 donkeys. They also took captive 100,000 people. 22 Because God fought for them,[ar] they killed many of the enemy.[as] They dispossessed the Hagrites and lived in their land until the exile.[at]

The Half-Tribe of Manasseh

23 The half-tribe of Manasseh settled in the land from Bashan as far as Baal Hermon, Senir, and Mount Hermon. They grew in number.

24 These were the leaders of their families:[au]

Epher, Ishi, Eliel, Azriel, Jeremiah, Hodaviah, and Jahdiel. They were skilled warriors, men of reputation,[av] and leaders of their families. 25 But they were unfaithful to the God of their ancestors[aw] and worshiped instead[ax] the gods of the native peoples[ay] whom God had destroyed before them. 26 So the God of Israel stirred up[az] King Pul of Assyria (that is, King Tiglath-Pileser of Assyria),[ba] and he carried away the Reubenites, Gadites, and half-tribe of Manasseh and took them to Halah, Habor, Hara, and the river of Gozan, where they remain to this very day.

Footnotes

  1. 1 Chronicles 3:3 tn Heb “his wife.”
  2. 1 Chronicles 3:4 tn Heb “him”; the referent (David) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  3. 1 Chronicles 3:5 tn “Shimea” (שִׁמְעָא, shimʿaʾ) is a variant spelling of “Shammua” (שַׁמּוּעַ, shammuaʿ; see 2 Sam 5:14). Some English versions use the spelling “Shammua” here (e.g., NIV, NCV).
  4. 1 Chronicles 3:5 tn Most Hebrew mss read “Bathshua” here, but 2 Sam 12:24 makes it clear Bathsheba was Solomon’s mother. “Bathsheba” is read by one Hebrew ms and the Vulgate. Many English translations (e.g., NAB, NIV, NLT) render the name “Bathsheba” to avoid confusion.
  5. 1 Chronicles 3:5 tn In 2 Sam 11:3 Bathsheba is called “the daughter of Eliam,” while here her father’s name is given as “Ammiel.”
  6. 1 Chronicles 3:6 tn All but two Hebrew mss read “Elishama” here, but 1 Chr 14:5 lists the name as “Elishua,” and is followed by a number of English versions here (e.g., NAB, NIV, NCV, TEV, CEV, NLT). Another son named “Elishama” is listed in 3:8.
  7. 1 Chronicles 3:6 tn The MT reads “Eliphelet” here, but 1 Chr 14:5 lists the name as “Elpelet” and is followed by some English versions here (e.g., TEV, NLT). Another son named “Eliphelet” is listed in 3:8.
  8. 1 Chronicles 3:9 sn See the note on the word “concubine” in 1:32.
  9. 1 Chronicles 3:11 sn Joram is a variant spelling of the name “Jehoram.”
  10. 1 Chronicles 3:16 tn Heb “Jeconiah,” a variation of the name “Jehoiachin” (also in v. 17).
  11. 1 Chronicles 3:17 tn Heb “prisoner.” Jehoiachin was carried off to Babylon as a prisoner. See 2 Chr 36:10.
  12. 1 Chronicles 4:9 tn In Hebrew the name יַעְבֵּץ (yaʿbets, “Jabez”) sounds like the noun עֹצֶב (ʿotsev) which means “pain.”
  13. 1 Chronicles 4:10 tn Here the word אִם (ʾim, “if only”) begins an oath formula (see HALOT 60 s.v. and GKC 151e, 159dd, 167a). A full reporting of the oath would include both the request made of God and the promise made to God (cf. Gen 28:20; Num 21:2; Judg 11:30; 1 Sam 1:11; 2 Sam 15:8; Ps 81:9-14). Jabez’ promise is not recorded here, only that God granted his request. Perhaps Jabez’ vow in return had not been preserved by tradition and so the author could not include it, or perhaps those details were simply less important to the purpose of the book. Likely the author wants to emphasize to the post-exilic community (the original audience of the book) that God answers prayer, including concerns for their borders. That God granted his request implies that Jabez was faithful to his vow, so that his destiny was different than the expectation arising from his namesake. This should challenge the audience to consider their own faithfulness to God.
  14. 1 Chronicles 4:10 sn It is not certain whether the person Jabez should be connected with the town Jabez mentioned in 1 Chr 2:55. If Jabez were the head of the town (“more respected than his brothers” v. 9), then the request for an enlarged territory would not be a simple request for his own benefit, but an example of a leader of character whose faithfulness to God benefits those under his leadership.
  15. 1 Chronicles 4:10 tc The Hebrew text is difficult. As it stands in the MT, it says “and do some harm so that I might not be hurt.” When directly modifying עָשָׂה (ʿasah; “to do”), the preposition מִן (min; “from,”) can indicate the source or type of action, hence “do some harm” (cf. Lev 4:22; 18:30). But this makes little sense in context unless we suppose with no other basis that it refers to harming enemies. There is no other example of the privative use of מִן (min) with the verb עָשָׂה (ʿasah), which would have meant “act so as to prevent” harm. And one expects it would be confusing to use מִן (min) for both the type of action done and the type of action excluded or prevented. On the basis of a parallel to Isa 26:18, BHS suggests inserting יְשׁוּעָתִי (yeshuati; “my salvation”) on the possibility that it was omitted by haplography (as “do” and “my salvation,” עָשִׂיתָ and יְשׁוּעָתִי, share similar consonants). This would mean “perform my salvation from harm.” Instead of מֵרָעָה (meraʿah; “from harm”), the LXX has γνῶσιν (gnosin; “knowledge”) which normally stands for Hebrew דַעַת (daʿat) or דֵעָה (deʿah) “knowledge; wisdom,” implying a simple confusion of dalet (ד) and resh (ר). The Greek text says “do/produce wisdom so that I will not be humiliated,” though the Hebrew behind this would be “act wisely so that I will not be grieved.” Rather than ask God to act wisely, we might suppose that the verb was first singular “may your hand be with me so that I may act wisely in order to not be grieved.” This would involve the loss of a yod at the end of the verb, which matches the verbal forms preceding it. Finally one might suppose that instead of רָעָה (raʿah; “harm”), some form of the root of רֵעָה (reʿah; “friend”) was original, meaning something like, “act from friendship…” but there is no direct parallel for this.
  16. 1 Chronicles 4:10 tn Heb “and God brought about what he had asked.”
  17. 1 Chronicles 4:12 tn Or “of the city of Nahash.”
  18. 1 Chronicles 4:13 tc “Meonothai” is read here by some mss of the LXX, along with the Vulgate. The name apparently was dropped from the Hebrew text by haplography. Note that the name appears at the beginning of the next verse as well.
  19. 1 Chronicles 4:14 tn Heb “Ge-harashim,” which could be left untranslated as a place name.
  20. 1 Chronicles 4:15 tn Heb “and the sons of Elah and Kenaz.” Kenaz was actually the son of Elah.
  21. 1 Chronicles 4:17 tn The Hebrew text has simply, “and she gave birth to,” without identifying the subject. The words “Mered’s wife Bithiah” are added in the translation for clarification. See v. 18b, which mentions “Bethiah, whom Mered married.”
  22. 1 Chronicles 4:18 tn Heb “took,” referring to taking in marriage.
  23. 1 Chronicles 4:20 tn Or “and the son of Zoheth” (NAB). The word בֶּן (ben) in Hebrew means “son [of].”
  24. 1 Chronicles 4:22 tn Heb “and the words are old.”
  25. 1 Chronicles 4:23 tn Heb “and those who lived in Netaim and Gederah; with the king in his work they lived there.”
  26. 1 Chronicles 4:33 tc Some LXX mss read “Baalath” (cf. Josh 19:8). This is followed by some English versions (e.g., NIV, NCV, TEV, NLT).
  27. 1 Chronicles 4:34 tn The words “their clan leaders were” are added in the translation for clarification. See v. 38a, which makes this clear.
  28. 1 Chronicles 4:41 tn The Hebrew text reads “their tents,” apparently referring to those of the Hamites mentioned at the end of v. 40. Some prefer to emend the text to read, “the tents of Ham.”
  29. 1 Chronicles 4:41 tn Heb “and they lived in place of them.”
  30. 1 Chronicles 4:43 tn Heb “and struck down the remnant that had escaped belonging to Amalek.”
  31. 1 Chronicles 5:1 sn The phrase when he defiled his father’s bed refers to Reuben having sexual relations with his father Jacob’s concubine Bilhah. This incident is recorded in Gen 35:22.
  32. 1 Chronicles 5:1 tn Heb “and not to be listed in the genealogical records as (having) the right of the firstborn.”
  33. 1 Chronicles 5:2 tn Heb “and [one] for a leader [was] from him.” This probably refers to the Davidic king.
  34. 1 Chronicles 5:6 tn Heb “Tilgath-Pilneser,” a variant spelling of Tiglath-Pileser (also in v. 26).
  35. 1 Chronicles 5:6 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Beerah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  36. 1 Chronicles 5:10 tn Heb “and in the days of Saul they made war with the Hagrites and they fell by their hand and they lived in their tents unto all the face of the east of Gilead.”
  37. 1 Chronicles 5:13 tn Heb “and their brothers by the house of their fathers.”
  38. 1 Chronicles 5:15 tn Heb “was the head of the house of their fathers.”
  39. 1 Chronicles 5:16 tn Heb “unto their extremities.”
  40. 1 Chronicles 5:18 tn Heb “the sons of Reuben and the Gadites and half of the tribe of Manasseh, from the sons of bravery, men carrying a shield and sword and treading a bow and trained for war, 44,760 going out for warfare.”
  41. 1 Chronicles 5:19 tn Heb “made war with.”
  42. 1 Chronicles 5:20 tn Heb “and they were helped against them and they were given over into their hand, the Hagrites and all who were with them, for to God they cried out in the battle and he was entreated [or “allowed himself to be entreated”] by them for they trusted in him.”
  43. 1 Chronicles 5:21 tn Heb “their”; the referent (the Hagrites) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  44. 1 Chronicles 5:22 tn Heb “from God [was] the battle.”
  45. 1 Chronicles 5:22 tn Heb “many slain fell.”
  46. 1 Chronicles 5:22 tn Heb “and they lived in place of them until the exile.” The referent of “them” (the Hagrites) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  47. 1 Chronicles 5:24 tn Heb “and these [were] the heads of the house of their fathers.”
  48. 1 Chronicles 5:24 tn Heb “men of names.”
  49. 1 Chronicles 5:25 tn Heb “fathers.”
  50. 1 Chronicles 5:25 tn Heb “prostituted themselves after.”
  51. 1 Chronicles 5:25 tn Heb “the peoples of the land.”
  52. 1 Chronicles 5:26 tn Heb “stirred up the spirit of.”
  53. 1 Chronicles 5:26 tn Heb “and the spirit of Tilgath-Pilneser king of Assyria.” “Pul” and “Tilgath-Pilneser” were names of the same Assyrian ruler, more commonly known as Tiglath-Pileser (cf. 2 Kgs 15:29).
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