Les fidèles

Ne rudoie pas un homme âgé, mais encourage-le comme s’il était ton père. Traite de la même manière les jeunes gens comme des frères, les femmes âgées comme des mères, les plus jeunes comme des sœurs, en toute pureté.

Les veuves

Occupe-toi des veuves avec respect, je veux dire de celles qui sont réellement privées de soutien. Si une veuve a des enfants ou des petits-enfants, ceux-ci doivent apprendre, avant tout, à vivre leur piété en prenant soin de leur propre famille. Qu’ils s’acquittent de leur dette envers leurs parents, car cela plaît à Dieu.

La veuve qui est restée vraiment seule et privée de soutien met son espérance en Dieu et passe ses jours et ses nuits à faire toutes sortes de prières. Quant à celle qui court après les plaisirs, elle est déjà morte, quoique vivante. Transmets-leur ces avertissements afin qu’elles mènent une vie irréprochable. Si quelqu’un ne prend pas soin des siens, en particulier des membres de sa famille, il a renié la foi et il est pire qu’un incroyant.

Pour être inscrite sur la liste des veuves assistées par l’Eglise, une femme doit être âgée d’au moins soixante ans et avoir été une épouse fidèle à son mari[a]. 10 Elle doit être connue pour ses œuvres bonnes, avoir bien élevé ses enfants, ouvert sa maison aux étrangers, lavé les pieds des membres du peuple saint[b], secouru les malheureux, et pratiqué toutes sortes d’actions bonnes.

11 Quant aux veuves plus jeunes, n’accepte pas de les inscrire, car il arrive que leurs désirs se raniment et les détournent de Christ ; elles veulent alors se remarier, 12 et encourent ainsi le reproche d’avoir rompu l’engagement qu’elles avaient pris auparavant[c]. 13 Avec cela, elles prennent l’habitude de ne rien faire et elles passent leur temps à aller de maison en maison, et pas seulement pour n’y rien faire, mais encore pour se répandre en commérages, se mêler de tout et parler à tort et à travers.

14 C’est pourquoi je préfère nettement que les jeunes veuves se marient, qu’elles aient des enfants, et tiennent bien leur ménage afin de ne pas prêter le flanc aux critiques de nos adversaires. 15 Il y en a, hélas, déjà plusieurs qui se sont détournées du droit chemin pour suivre Satan.

16 Si une croyante a des veuves dans sa famille, qu’elle subvienne à leurs besoins, et que l’Eglise n’en ait pas la charge pour pouvoir réserver son assistance aux veuves qui n’ont pas de soutien.

Les responsables dans l’Eglise

17 Les responsables qui dirigent bien l’Eglise méritent des honoraires doubles[d], notamment ceux qui se dévouent au ministère astreignant de la prédication et de l’enseignement. 18 Car l’Ecriture déclare : Tu ne mettras pas de muselière au bœuf qui foule le grain[e] et encore : L’ouvrier mérite son salaire[f].

19 N’accepte pas d’accusation contre un responsable d’Eglise si elle n’est pas appuyée par deux ou trois témoins[g]. 20 Ceux qui ont péché, reprends-les devant tous, afin que cela inspire de la crainte aux autres.

21 Je te conjure solennellement devant Dieu, devant Jésus-Christ et ses anges élus, d’observer ces règles sans parti pris ni favoritisme.

22 N’impose pas trop vite les mains à quelqu’un et ne t’associe pas aux péchés d’autrui. Conserve-toi pur.

23 Tu ne devrais pas boire exclusivement de l’eau : prends un peu de vin à cause de ton estomac et de tes fréquents malaises.

24 Il y a des personnes dont les fautes sont évidentes avant même qu’on les juge. Pour d’autres, on ne les découvre que par la suite. 25 Il en est de même des bonnes actions : chez certains, elles sont immédiatement apparentes, mais là où ce n’est pas le cas, elles ne sauraient rester indéfiniment cachées.

Footnotes

  1. 5.9 Autre traduction : qu’elle n’ait été mariée qu’une seule fois. L’expression est symétrique à celle de 3.2, 12.
  2. 5.10 Laver les pieds de ses hôtes faisait partie des devoirs d’hospitalité (Lc 7.44).
  3. 5.12 Autre traduction : d’avoir abandonné la foi qu’elles avaient manifestée auparavant. Certains pensent que les veuves assistées par l’Eglise prenaient l’engagement de servir l’Eglise et de ne pas se remarier. Pour d’autres, le danger était que les jeunes veuves cherchent à se remarier à tout prix, quitte à épouser un incroyant, et, pour cela, à abandonner la foi. Ou encore, que de jeunes veuves ayant pris l’engagement de rester célibataire pour bénéficier de l’assistance de l’Eglise, finissent par tomber dans l’immoralité.
  4. 5.17 Certains comprennent : méritent un double honneur.
  5. 5.18 Dt 25.4.
  6. 5.18 Lc 10.7.
  7. 5.19 Dt 17.6.

Guidelines for Dealing with Other Christians

Never use harsh words when you correct an older man, but talk to him as if he were your father. Talk to younger men as if they were your brothers, older women as if they were your mothers, and younger women as if they were your sisters, while keeping yourself morally pure.

Honor widows who have no families. The children or grandchildren of a widow must first learn to respect their own family by repaying their parents. This is pleasing in God’s sight.

A widow who has no family has placed her confidence in God by praying and asking for his help night and day. But the widow who lives for pleasure is dead although she is still alive. Insist on these things so that widows will have good reputations. If anyone doesn’t take care of his own relatives, especially his immediate family, he has denied the Christian faith and is worse than an unbeliever.

Any widow who had only one husband and is at least 60 years old should be put on your list of widows. 10 People should tell about the good things she has done: raising children, being hospitable, taking care of believers’ needs, helping the suffering, or always doing good things.

11 Don’t include younger widows on your list. Whenever their natural desires become stronger than their devotion to Christ, they’ll want to marry. 12 They condemn themselves by rejecting the Christian faith, the faith they first accepted. 13 At the same time, they learn to go around from house to house since they have nothing else to do. Not only this, but they also gossip and get involved in other people’s business, saying things they shouldn’t say.

14 So I want younger widows to marry, have children, manage their homes, and not give the enemy any chance to ridicule them. 15 Some of them have already turned away to follow Satan. 16 If any woman is a believer and has relatives who are widows, she should help them. In this way the church is not burdened and can help widows who have no families.

17 Give double honor to spiritual leaders[a] who handle their duties well. This is especially true if they work hard at teaching the word of God. 18 After all, Scripture says, “Never muzzle an ox when it is threshing[b] grain,” and “The worker deserves his pay.”

19 Don’t pay attention to an accusation against a spiritual leader unless it is supported by two or three witnesses. 20 Reprimand those leaders who sin. Do it in front of everyone so that the other leaders will also be afraid.

21 I solemnly call on you in the sight of God, Christ Yeshua, and the chosen angels to be impartial when you follow what I’ve told you. Never play favorites.

22 Don’t be in a hurry to place your hands on anyone to ordain him. Don’t participate in the sins of others. Keep yourself morally pure.

23 Stop drinking only water. Instead, drink a little wine for your stomach because you are frequently sick.

24 The sins of some people are obvious, going ahead of them to judgment. The sins of others follow them there. 25 In the same way, the good things that people do are obvious, and those that aren’t obvious can’t remain hidden.

Footnotes

  1. 1 Timothy 5:17 Or “pastors,” or “elders.”
  2. 1 Timothy 5:18 Threshing is the process of beating stalks to separate them from the grain.

Widows, Elders and Slaves

Do not rebuke an older man(A) harshly,(B) but exhort him as if he were your father. Treat younger men(C) as brothers, older women as mothers, and younger women as sisters, with absolute purity.

Give proper recognition to those widows who are really in need.(D) But if a widow has children or grandchildren, these should learn first of all to put their religion into practice by caring for their own family and so repaying their parents and grandparents,(E) for this is pleasing to God.(F) The widow who is really in need(G) and left all alone puts her hope in God(H) and continues night and day to pray(I) and to ask God for help. But the widow who lives for pleasure is dead even while she lives.(J) Give the people these instructions,(K) so that no one may be open to blame. Anyone who does not provide for their relatives, and especially for their own household, has denied(L) the faith and is worse than an unbeliever.

No widow may be put on the list of widows unless she is over sixty, has been faithful to her husband, 10 and is well known for her good deeds,(M) such as bringing up children, showing hospitality,(N) washing the feet(O) of the Lord’s people, helping those in trouble(P) and devoting herself to all kinds of good deeds.

11 As for younger widows, do not put them on such a list. For when their sensual desires overcome their dedication to Christ, they want to marry. 12 Thus they bring judgment on themselves, because they have broken their first pledge. 13 Besides, they get into the habit of being idle and going about from house to house. And not only do they become idlers, but also busybodies(Q) who talk nonsense,(R) saying things they ought not to. 14 So I counsel younger widows to marry,(S) to have children, to manage their homes and to give the enemy no opportunity for slander.(T) 15 Some have in fact already turned away to follow Satan.(U)

16 If any woman who is a believer has widows in her care, she should continue to help them and not let the church be burdened with them, so that the church can help those widows who are really in need.(V)

17 The elders(W) who direct the affairs of the church well are worthy of double honor,(X) especially those whose work is preaching and teaching. 18 For Scripture says, “Do not muzzle an ox while it is treading out the grain,”[a](Y) and “The worker deserves his wages.”[b](Z) 19 Do not entertain an accusation against an elder(AA) unless it is brought by two or three witnesses.(AB) 20 But those elders who are sinning you are to reprove(AC) before everyone, so that the others may take warning.(AD) 21 I charge you, in the sight of God and Christ Jesus(AE) and the elect angels, to keep these instructions without partiality, and to do nothing out of favoritism.

22 Do not be hasty in the laying on of hands,(AF) and do not share in the sins of others.(AG) Keep yourself pure.(AH)

23 Stop drinking only water, and use a little wine(AI) because of your stomach and your frequent illnesses.

24 The sins of some are obvious, reaching the place of judgment ahead of them; the sins of others trail behind them. 25 In the same way, good deeds are obvious, and even those that are not obvious cannot remain hidden forever.

Footnotes

  1. 1 Timothy 5:18 Deut. 25:4
  2. 1 Timothy 5:18 Luke 10:7