1 Samuel 23
Hoffnung für Alle
David in der Stadt Keïla
23 Eines Tages erreichte David folgende Nachricht: »Die Philister greifen die Stadt Keïla an und stehlen das Getreide von den Dreschplätzen.« 2 Da fragte David den Herrn: »Soll ich der Stadt zu Hilfe eilen? Kann ich die Philister schlagen?« Der Herr antwortete: »Ja, geh! Verjag die Philister und befrei die Stadt!«
3 Doch Davids Leute zögerten: »Schon hier in Juda müssen wir um unser Leben fürchten. Und nun sollen wir auch noch nach Keïla ziehen und die Truppen der Philister angreifen?« 4 Darum fragte David den Herrn noch einmal, und wieder erhielt er die Antwort: »Geh nach Keïla! Ich helfe dir, die Philister zu besiegen.«
5 Da zog David mit seiner Truppe nach Keïla, griff die Philister an und brachte ihnen eine schwere Niederlage bei. Ihr Vieh trieb er als Beute weg. So befreite er die Einwohner der Stadt. 6 Dort in Keïla schloss sich Abjatar, der Sohn von Ahimelech, David an. Er brachte seine Priesterkleidung mit, zu der auch die Brusttasche mit den heiligen Losen gehörte.
7 Als Saul berichtet wurde, dass David sich in der Stadt aufhielt, dachte er: »Jetzt hat Gott ihn im Stich gelassen und mir ausgeliefert! Jetzt ist die Falle zugeschnappt. David hat sich selbst gefangen in einer Stadt mit Mauern und Toren.« 8 Saul setzte sogleich sein ganzes Heer in Bewegung, um David und seine Männer in Keïla einzukesseln.
9 Als David Sauls bösen Plan bemerkte, rief er den Priester Abjatar zu sich und befahl ihm, die Tasche mit den Losen zu holen. 10 Dann betete er: »Herr, du Gott Israels, ich habe erfahren, dass Saul Keïla angreifen und vernichten will, nur weil ich hier bin. 11 Werden die Einwohner der Stadt mich an Saul ausliefern? Ist es überhaupt sicher, dass Saul kommt? Herr, du Gott Israels, sag mir, ob es stimmt, was ich gehört habe!« »Ja, er wird kommen«, lautete die Antwort. 12 David wollte noch mehr wissen: »Werden die führenden Männer der Stadt mich und meine Leute an Saul ausliefern?« Der Herr sagte: »Ja, sie werden dich ausliefern.«
13 Da verließen David und seine Männer die Stadt Keïla, es waren etwa 600 Mann. Sie streiften durch das Land, von Versteck zu Versteck. Als Saul erfuhr, dass David aus Keïla entkommen war, brach er seinen Feldzug ab.
Jonatan besucht David
14-15 In der darauffolgenden Zeit hielt David sich in den unzugänglichen Bergen der Wüste Sif versteckt. Er wusste genau, dass Saul ihn verfolgte, um ihn umzubringen. Saul suchte ihn, ohne sich eine Pause zu gönnen, doch Gott ließ nicht zu, dass er David fand.
Eines Tages, als David sich gerade in Horescha in der Wüste Sif aufhielt, 16 kam Jonatan zu ihm. Er ermutigte David, nicht aufzugeben, sondern auf die Hilfe Gottes zu vertrauen. 17 »Hab keine Angst«, redete er ihm zu, »mein Vater wird dich nicht finden! Eines Tages wirst du König über Israel sein, und ich bin dann dein Stellvertreter. Das weiß auch Saul, mein Vater.« 18 Danach schworen sie einander erneut ewige Freundschaft und riefen den Herrn als Zeugen an. David blieb in Horescha, Jonatan aber kehrte wieder nach Hause zurück.
David wird verraten, doch Gott rettet ihn
19 Einige Bewohner der Wüste Sif gingen zu Saul nach Gibea. »Wir wissen, wo David sich verborgen hält«, verrieten sie dem König. »Sein Versteck liegt ganz in unserer Nähe, in den Bergen bei Horescha. Dort gibt es einen Hügel mit Namen Hachila, südlich von Jeschimon. 20 Wenn du einverstanden bist, mit uns dorthin zu ziehen, o König, dann liefern wir dir David aus.« 21 Saul antwortete: »Der Herr belohne euch für euer Mitleid mit mir. 22 Geht nun zurück und forscht gründlich nach, bis ihr genau wisst, wo er sich aufhält und wer ihn dort gesehen hat. Ich habe nämlich gehört, dass er sehr listig ist. 23 Spürt jeden Schlupfwinkel auf, in dem er sich verstecken könnte. Sobald ihr Genaues wisst, kommt wieder zu mir. Dann will ich mit euch gehen. Wenn er dann noch im Land ist, werde ich ihn finden, und wenn ich ganz Juda durchkämmen müsste!«
24-25 Mit diesem Auftrag kehrten die Männer zurück nach Sif. Saul folgte bald darauf mit seiner Truppe, um David zu suchen. David und seine Leute waren inzwischen in der Wüste Maon, südlich von Jeschimon. Als er hörte, dass Saul ihn wieder verfolgte, zog er sich noch weiter in den Süden der Wüste Maon zurück, bis zu dem großen Felsblock, der dort aus dem Tal herausragt. Doch Saul erfuhr davon und jagte David sogleich nach.
26 Schon lag nur noch ein Höhenzug zwischen den beiden: Saul auf der einen, David und seine Leute auf der anderen Seite. David versuchte verzweifelt, Saul zu entkommen, während der König und seine Soldaten immer näherrückten. Gerade wollten sie ihn umzingeln und ergreifen, 27 da kam ein Bote zu Saul und meldete: »Die Philister sind wieder bei uns eingefallen! Du musst uns sofort zu Hilfe kommen!« 28 Saul blieb nichts anderes übrig, als die Verfolgung von David abzubrechen und den Philistern entgegenzuziehen. Seitdem heißt dieser Höhenzug Sela-Machlekot (»Fels der Trennung«).
1 Samuel 23
New English Translation
David Delivers the City of Keilah
23 They told David, “The Philistines are fighting in Keilah and are looting the threshing floors.” 2 So David asked the Lord, “Should I go and strike down these Philistines?” The Lord said to David, “Go, strike down the Philistines and deliver Keilah.”
3 But David’s men said to him, “We are afraid while we are still here in Judah. What will it be like if we go to Keilah against the armies of the Philistines?” 4 So David asked the Lord once again. But again the Lord replied, “Arise, go down to Keilah, for I will give the Philistines into your hand.”
5 So David and his men went to Keilah and fought the Philistines. He took away their cattle and thoroughly defeated them.[a] David delivered the inhabitants of Keilah.
David Eludes Saul Again
6 Now when Abiathar son of Ahimelech had fled to David at Keilah, he had brought with him an ephod.[b] 7 When Saul was told that David had come to Keilah, Saul said, “God has delivered[c] him into my hand, for he has boxed himself into a corner by entering a city with two barred gates.”[d] 8 So Saul mustered all his army to go down to Keilah and besiege David and his men.[e]
9 When David realized that Saul was planning to harm him,[f] he told Abiathar the priest, “Bring the ephod.” 10 Then David said, “O Lord God of Israel, your servant has clearly heard that Saul is planning[g] to come to Keilah to destroy the city because of me. 11 Will the leaders of Keilah deliver me into his hand? Will Saul come down as your servant has heard? O Lord God of Israel, please inform your servant.”
Then the Lord said, “He will come down.” 12 David asked, “Will the leaders of Keilah deliver me and my men into Saul’s hand?” The Lord said, “They will deliver you over.”
13 So David and his men, who numbered about 600, set out and left Keilah; they moved around from one place to another.[h] When told that David had escaped from Keilah, Saul called a halt to his expedition. 14 David stayed in the strongholds that were in the desert and in the hill country of the wilderness of Ziph. Saul looked for him all the time,[i] but God did not deliver David[j] into his hands. 15 David realized[k] that Saul had come out to seek his life; at that time David was in Horesh in the wilderness of Ziph.
16 Then Jonathan son of Saul left and went to David at Horesh. He encouraged him[l] through God. 17 He said to him, “Don’t be afraid! For the hand of my father Saul cannot find you. You will rule over Israel, and I will be your second in command. Even my father Saul realizes this.” 18 When the two of them had made a covenant before the Lord, David stayed at Horesh, but Jonathan went to his house.
19 Then the Ziphites went up to Saul at Gibeah and said, “Isn’t David hiding among us in the strongholds at Horesh on the hill of Hakilah, south of Jeshimon? 20 Now at your own discretion,[m] O king, come down. Delivering him into the king’s hand will be our responsibility.”
21 Saul replied, “May you be blessed by the Lord, for you have had compassion on me. 22 Go and make further arrangements. Determine precisely[n] where he is[o] and who has seen him there, for I am told that he is extremely cunning. 23 Locate precisely all the places where he hides and return to me with dependable information.[p] Then I will go with you. If he is in the land, I will find him[q] among all the thousands of Judah.”
24 So they left and went to Ziph ahead of Saul. Now David and his men were in the wilderness of Maon, in the rift valley[r] to the south of Jeshimon. 25 Saul and his men went to look for him.[s] But David was informed and went down to the rock and stayed in the wilderness of Maon. When Saul heard about it, he pursued David in the wilderness of Maon. 26 Saul went on one side of the mountain, while David and his men went on the other side of the mountain. David was hurrying to get away from Saul, but Saul and his men were surrounding David and his men to capture them. 27 But a messenger came to Saul saying, “Come quickly, for the Philistines have raided the land!”
28 So Saul stopped pursuing David and went to confront the Philistines. Therefore that place is called Sela Hammahlekoth.[t] 29 (24:1)[u] Then David went up from there and stayed in the strongholds of En Gedi.
Footnotes
- 1 Samuel 23:5 tn Heb “and struck them down with a great blow.”
- 1 Samuel 23:6 tn Heb “an ephod went down in his hand.”
- 1 Samuel 23:7 tn The MT reading (“God has alienated him into my hand”) in v. 7 is a difficult and uncommon idiom. The use of this verb in Jer 19:4 is somewhat parallel, but not entirely so. Many scholars have therefore suspected a textual problem here, emending the word נִכַּר (nikkar, “alienated”) to סִכַּר (sikkar, “he has shut up [i.e., delivered]”). This is the idea reflected in the translations of the Syriac Peshitta and Vulgate, although it is not entirely clear whether they are reading something different from the MT or are simply paraphrasing what for them too may have been a difficult text. The LXX has “God has sold him into my hands,” apparently reading מָכַר (makar, “sold”) for MT’s נִכַּר. The present translation is a rather free interpretation.
- 1 Samuel 23:7 tn Heb “with two gates and a bar.” Since in English “bar” could be understood as a saloon, it has been translated as an attributive: “two barred gates.”
- 1 Samuel 23:8 tn Heb “So Saul mustered all his army for battle to go down to Keilah to besiege against David and his men.”
- 1 Samuel 23:9 tn Heb “Saul was planning the evil against him.”
- 1 Samuel 23:10 tn Heb “seeking.”
- 1 Samuel 23:13 tn Heb “they went where they went.”
- 1 Samuel 23:14 tn Heb “all the days.”
- 1 Samuel 23:14 tn Heb “him”; the referent (David) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
- 1 Samuel 23:15 tn Heb “saw.”
- 1 Samuel 23:16 tn Heb “strengthened his hand.”
- 1 Samuel 23:20 tn Heb “to all the desire of your soul to come down.”
- 1 Samuel 23:22 tn Heb “know and see.” The expression is a hendiadys. See also v. 23.
- 1 Samuel 23:22 tn Heb “his place where his foot is.”
- 1 Samuel 23:23 tn Heb “established.”
- 1 Samuel 23:23 tn Heb “I will search him out.”
- 1 Samuel 23:24 sn This section of the rift valley is along the western part of the Dead Sea.
- 1 Samuel 23:25 tn Heb “to search.”
- 1 Samuel 23:28 sn The name הַמַּחְלְקוֹת סֶלַע (selaʿ hammakhleqot) probably means “Rock of Divisions” in Hebrew, in the sense that Saul and David parted company there (cf. NAB “Gorge of Divisions”; TEV “Separation Hill”). This etymology assumes that the word derives from the Hebrew root II חָלַק (khalaq, “to divide”; HALOT 322 s.v. II חלק). However, there is another root I חלק, which means “to be smooth or slippery” (HALOT 322 s.v. I חלק). If the word is taken from this root, the expression would mean “Slippery Rock.”
- 1 Samuel 23:29 sn Beginning with 23:29, the verse numbers through 24:22 in the English Bible differ from the verse numbers in the Hebrew text (BHS), with 23:29 ET = 24:1 HT, 24:1 ET = 24:2 HT, 24:2 ET = 24:3 HT, etc., through 24:22 ET = 24:23 HT. With 25:1 the verse numbers in the ET and HT are again the same.
1 Samuel 23
King James Version
23 Then they told David, saying, Behold, the Philistines fight against Keilah, and they rob the threshingfloors.
2 Therefore David enquired of the Lord, saying, Shall I go and smite these Philistines? And the Lord said unto David, Go, and smite the Philistines, and save Keilah.
3 And David's men said unto him, Behold, we be afraid here in Judah: how much more then if we come to Keilah against the armies of the Philistines?
4 Then David enquired of the Lord yet again. And the Lord answered him and said, Arise, go down to Keilah; for I will deliver the Philistines into thine hand.
5 So David and his men went to Keilah, and fought with the Philistines, and brought away their cattle, and smote them with a great slaughter. So David saved the inhabitants of Keilah.
6 And it came to pass, when Abiathar the son of Ahimelech fled to David to Keilah, that he came down with an ephod in his hand.
7 And it was told Saul that David was come to Keilah. And Saul said, God hath delivered him into mine hand; for he is shut in, by entering into a town that hath gates and bars.
8 And Saul called all the people together to war, to go down to Keilah, to besiege David and his men.
9 And David knew that Saul secretly practised mischief against him; and he said to Abiathar the priest, Bring hither the ephod.
10 Then said David, O Lord God of Israel, thy servant hath certainly heard that Saul seeketh to come to Keilah, to destroy the city for my sake.
11 Will the men of Keilah deliver me up into his hand? will Saul come down, as thy servant hath heard? O Lord God of Israel, I beseech thee, tell thy servant. And the Lord said, He will come down.
12 Then said David, Will the men of Keilah deliver me and my men into the hand of Saul? And the Lord said, They will deliver thee up.
13 Then David and his men, which were about six hundred, arose and departed out of Keilah, and went whithersoever they could go. And it was told Saul that David was escaped from Keilah; and he forbare to go forth.
14 And David abode in the wilderness in strong holds, and remained in a mountain in the wilderness of Ziph. And Saul sought him every day, but God delivered him not into his hand.
15 And David saw that Saul was come out to seek his life: and David was in the wilderness of Ziph in a wood.
16 And Jonathan Saul's son arose, and went to David into the wood, and strengthened his hand in God.
17 And he said unto him, Fear not: for the hand of Saul my father shall not find thee; and thou shalt be king over Israel, and I shall be next unto thee; and that also Saul my father knoweth.
18 And they two made a covenant before the Lord: and David abode in the wood, and Jonathan went to his house.
19 Then came up the Ziphites to Saul to Gibeah, saying, Doth not David hide himself with us in strong holds in the wood, in the hill of Hachilah, which is on the south of Jeshimon?
20 Now therefore, O king, come down according to all the desire of thy soul to come down; and our part shall be to deliver him into the king's hand.
21 And Saul said, Blessed be ye of the Lord; for ye have compassion on me.
22 Go, I pray you, prepare yet, and know and see his place where his haunt is, and who hath seen him there: for it is told me that he dealeth very subtilly.
23 See therefore, and take knowledge of all the lurking places where he hideth himself, and come ye again to me with the certainty, and I will go with you: and it shall come to pass, if he be in the land, that I will search him out throughout all the thousands of Judah.
24 And they arose, and went to Ziph before Saul: but David and his men were in the wilderness of Maon, in the plain on the south of Jeshimon.
25 Saul also and his men went to seek him. And they told David; wherefore he came down into a rock, and abode in the wilderness of Maon. And when Saul heard that, he pursued after David in the wilderness of Maon.
26 And Saul went on this side of the mountain, and David and his men on that side of the mountain: and David made haste to get away for fear of Saul; for Saul and his men compassed David and his men round about to take them.
27 But there came a messenger unto Saul, saying, Haste thee, and come; for the Philistines have invaded the land.
28 Wherefore Saul returned from pursuing after David, and went against the Philistines: therefore they called that place Selahammahlekoth.
29 And David went up from thence, and dwelt in strong holds at Engedi.
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