1 Samuel 22
Hoffnung für Alle
In der Adullamhöhle und in Moab
22 So floh David aus Gat und versteckte sich in der Adullamhöhle. Als seine Brüder und die ganze Verwandtschaft erfuhren, wo er sich aufhielt, kamen sie alle und schlossen sich ihm an. 2 Bald scharten sich noch andere um ihn: Menschen, die sich in einer ausweglosen Lage befanden, die Schulden hatten oder verbittert waren. Schließlich war es eine Gruppe von etwa 400 Mann, und David wurde ihr Anführer.
3 Von Adullam aus zog David weiter nach Mizpe im Land Moab. Er bat den moabitischen König: »Gewähre meinen Eltern Unterschlupf, bis ich weiß, was Gott mit mir vorhat.« 4 Er brachte seine Eltern an den Königshof, und sie wohnten dort, solange David sich im Bergland versteckt hielt.
5 Eines Tages sagte der Prophet Gad zu David: »Bleib nicht hier in den Bergen! Geh wieder zurück in das Gebiet des Stammes Juda!« David gehorchte und kam in den Wald von Heret.
Sauls grausame Rache an den Priestern von Nob
6 Bald wurde es Saul gemeldet, dass David und seine Anhänger wieder im Land gesehen wurden. Saul saß gerade unter der Tamariske auf dem Hügel bei der Stadt Gibea und hielt seinen Speer in der Hand. Er war umringt von seinen Hofleuten. 7 »Hört mir zu, ihr Leute vom Stamm Benjamin!«, rief er. »Glaubt ihr etwa, dieser Sohn Isais wird ausgerechnet euch Felder und Weinberge geben und euch zu Hauptleuten und Oberbefehlshabern machen? 8 Oder warum sonst habt ihr euch alle gegen mich verschworen? Keiner von euch hat mir gesagt, dass Jonatan sich mit diesem Kerl zusammengetan hat! Euch allen ist egal, was mit mir passiert. Ihr habt es nicht nötig, mir zu melden, dass mein eigener Sohn einen meiner Untergebenen gegen mich aufhetzt! Offensichtlich hatte er Erfolg: Dieser Verräter lauert mir nun heimlich auf!«
9 Da meldete sich Doëg aus Edom zu Wort, der jetzt auch bei Sauls Leuten stand: »Ich habe ihn gesehen, als ich in Nob war. Er kam zu Ahimelech, dem Sohn von Ahitub. 10 Der Priester fragte den Herrn, was David als Nächstes tun sollte. Dann versorgte er ihn mit Essen und gab ihm sogar Goliats Schwert.«
11 Sofort ließ Saul den Priester Ahimelech vorführen. Er und seine ganze Sippe – alle Priester aus Nob – mussten vor dem König erscheinen. 12 »Ich habe etwas mit dir zu besprechen, Ahitubs Sohn!«, begann Saul, als sich alle vor ihm versammelt hatten. »Ja, Herr?«, erwiderte dieser. 13 »Warum habt ihr euch gegen mich verschworen, du und dieser Sohn Isais? Warum hast du ihm Brot gegeben und ein Schwert? Warum hast du Gott um Weisung für seinen weiteren Weg gebeten? Dadurch hast du ihn geradezu ermutigt, mir aufzulauern und mich umzubringen. Dass er das im Schilde führt, ist ja längst ein offenes Geheimnis!«
14 Ahimelech versuchte sich zu verteidigen: »Hast du einen treueren Gefolgsmann als David? Er steht treu zu dir, er ist dein Schwiegersohn, er ist der Aufseher deiner Leibwache und genießt am ganzen Hof hohes Ansehen. 15 Es war doch nicht das erste Mal, dass ich für ihn die göttliche Weisung eingeholt habe. Ich soll ein Verschwörer sein? Nein, niemals! Mein König möge mich, seinen ergebenen Diener, und meine ganze Sippe nicht verdächtigen, ein solches Verbrechen begangen zu haben. Ich hatte nicht die leiseste Ahnung von einer Verschwörung.«
16 Doch der König ging nicht darauf ein; er sagte nur: »Ahimelech, das wirst du mit dem Tod büßen, du und deine Sippe!« 17 Er wandte sich seinen Wächtern zu und befahl: »Los, umstellt diese Priester des Herrn und tötet sie! Denn sie haben Hand in Hand mit David gearbeitet. Natürlich wussten sie, dass er auf der Flucht war. Trotzdem haben sie es mir nicht gemeldet.«
Doch die Wachen weigerten sich, die Priester des Herrn umzubringen. 18 Da drehte der König sich zu Doëg um und sagte: »Komm her, schlag du sie tot!« Ohne Zögern führte Doëg, der Edomiter, den königlichen Befehl aus. Er tötete an jenem Tag 85 Männer, die alle das Priestergewand getragen hatten. 19 Dann ließ Saul alle Einwohner der Priesterstadt Nob mit dem Schwert ermorden, Männer und Frauen, Kinder und Säuglinge. Auch ihr Vieh – Rinder, Esel, Schafe und Ziegen – wurde getötet.
20 Nur ein Sohn von Ahimelech mit Namen Abjatar konnte entkommen. Er floh zu David 21 und berichtete ihm, dass Saul alle Priester des Herrn umgebracht hatte. 22 »Ich wusste es gleich, dass dieser Doëg ein Verräter ist, als ich ihn damals in Nob sah«, rief David. »Ich allein bin schuld am Tod deiner Verwandten. 23 Bleib jetzt bei mir! Dann brauchst du keine Angst zu haben. Derselbe, der mich umbringen will, hat es auch auf dich abgesehen. Bei mir bist du sicher!«
1 Samuel 22
New English Translation
David Goes to Adullam and Mizpah
22 So David left there and escaped to the cave of Adullam. When his brothers and the rest of his father’s family[a] learned about it, they went down there to him. 2 All those who were in trouble or owed someone money or were discontented[b] gathered around[c] him, and he became their leader. He had about 400 men with him.
3 Then David went from there to Mizpah in Moab, where he said to the king of Moab, “Please let my father and mother stay[d] with you until I know what God is going to do for me.” 4 So he had them stay with the king of Moab; they stayed with him the whole time[e] that David was in the stronghold. 5 Then Gad the prophet said to David, “Don’t stay in the stronghold. Go to the land of Judah.” So David left and went to the forest of Hereth.
Saul Executes the Priests
6 But Saul found out the whereabouts of David and the men who were with him.[f] Now Saul was sitting at Gibeah under the tamarisk tree at an elevated location with his spear in hand and all his servants stationed around him. 7 Saul said to his servants, “Listen up, you Benjaminites! Is Jesse’s son giving fields and vineyards to all of you? Or is he making all of you[g] commanders and officers?[h] 8 For all of you have conspired against me! No one informs me[i] when my own son makes an agreement with the son of Jesse. Not one of you feels sorry for me or informs me that my own son has commissioned my own servant to hide in ambush against me, as is the case today!”
9 But Doeg the Edomite, who had stationed himself with the servants of Saul, replied, “I saw this son of Jesse come to Ahimelech son of Ahitub at Nob. 10 He inquired of the Lord for him and gave him provisions. He also gave him the sword of Goliath the Philistine.”
11 Then the king arranged for a meeting with the priest Ahimelech son of Ahitub and all the priests of his father’s house who were at Nob. They all came to the king. 12 Then Saul said, “Listen, son of Ahitub.” He replied, “Here I am, my lord.” 13 Saul said to him, “Why have you conspired against me, you and this son of Jesse? You gave[j] him bread and a sword and inquired of God on his behalf, so that he opposes[k] me and waits in ambush, as is the case today!”
14 Ahimelech replied to the king, “Who among all your servants is faithful like David? He is the king’s son-in-law, the leader of your bodyguard, and honored in your house. 15 Was it just today that I began to inquire of God on his behalf? Far be it from me! The king should not accuse[l] his servant or any of my father’s house, for your servant is not aware of all this—not in whole or in part!”[m]
16 But the king said, “You will surely die, Ahimelech, you and all your father’s house!” 17 Then the king said to the messengers[n] who were stationed beside him, “Turn and kill the priests of the Lord, for they too have sided[o] with David. They knew he was fleeing, but they did not inform me.” But the king’s servants refused to harm[p] the priests of the Lord.
18 Then the king said to Doeg, “You turn and strike down the priests!” So Doeg the Edomite turned and struck down the priests. He killed on that day eighty-five[q] men who wore the linen ephod. 19 As for Nob, the city of the priests, Doeg struck down men and women, children and infants, oxen, donkeys, and sheep—all with the sword.
20 But one of the sons of Ahimelech son of Ahitub escaped and fled to David. His name was Abiathar. 21 Abiathar told David that Saul had killed the priests of the Lord. 22 Then David said to Abiathar, “I knew that day when Doeg the Edomite was there that he would certainly tell Saul! I am guilty[r] of all the deaths in your father’s house. 23 Stay with me. Don’t be afraid. Whoever[s] seeks my life is seeking your life as well. You are secure with me.”
Footnotes
- 1 Samuel 22:1 tn Heb “house.”
- 1 Samuel 22:2 tn Heb “bitter of soul.”
- 1 Samuel 22:2 tn Heb “to.”
- 1 Samuel 22:3 tn Heb “go forth.”
- 1 Samuel 22:4 tn Heb “all the days.”
- 1 Samuel 22:6 tn Heb “and Saul heard that David and the men who were with him were known.”
- 1 Samuel 22:7 tc The MT has “to all of you.” If this reading is correct, we have here an example of a prepositional phrase functioning as the equivalent of a dative of advantage, which is not impossible from a grammatical point of view. However, the LXX, the Syriac Peshitta, and Vulgate all have “and.” A conjunction rather than a preposition should probably be read on the front of this phrase.
- 1 Samuel 22:7 tn Heb “officers of a thousand and officers of a hundred.”
- 1 Samuel 22:8 tn Heb “uncovers my ear.”
- 1 Samuel 22:13 tn Heb “by giving.”
- 1 Samuel 22:13 tn Heb “rises up against.”
- 1 Samuel 22:15 tn Heb “set a matter against.”
- 1 Samuel 22:15 tn Heb “small or great.”
- 1 Samuel 22:17 tn Heb “runners.”
- 1 Samuel 22:17 tn Heb “their hand is.”
- 1 Samuel 22:17 tn Heb “to extend their hand to harm.”
- 1 Samuel 22:18 tc The number is confused in the Greek ms tradition. The LXX, with the exception of the Lucianic recension, has the number 305. The Lucianic recension, along with a couple of Old Latin mss, has the number 350.
- 1 Samuel 22:22 tc The translation follows the LXX, which reads “I am guilty,” rather than the MT, which has “I have turned.”
- 1 Samuel 22:23 tn Or “the one who.” This may refer specifically to Saul, in which case David acknowledges that Abiathar’s life is endangered because of his allegiance to David. The translation assumes that the statement is more generalized, meaning that any enemy of Abiathar is an enemy of David. In other words, David promises that he will protect Abiathar with his very own life.
1 Samuel 22
New International Version
David at Adullam and Mizpah
22 David left Gath and escaped to the cave(A) of Adullam.(B) When his brothers and his father’s household heard about it, they went down to him there. 2 All those who were in distress or in debt or discontented gathered(C) around him, and he became their commander. About four hundred men were with him.
3 From there David went to Mizpah in Moab and said to the king of Moab, “Would you let my father and mother come and stay with you until I learn what God will do for me?” 4 So he left them with the king of Moab,(D) and they stayed with him as long as David was in the stronghold.
5 But the prophet Gad(E) said to David, “Do not stay in the stronghold. Go into the land of Judah.” So David left and went to the forest of Hereth.(F)
Saul Kills the Priests of Nob
6 Now Saul heard that David and his men had been discovered. And Saul was seated,(G) spear in hand, under the tamarisk(H) tree on the hill at Gibeah, with all his officials standing at his side. 7 He said to them, “Listen, men of Benjamin! Will the son of Jesse give all of you fields and vineyards? Will he make all of you commanders(I) of thousands and commanders of hundreds? 8 Is that why you have all conspired(J) against me? No one tells me when my son makes a covenant(K) with the son of Jesse.(L) None of you is concerned(M) about me or tells me that my son has incited my servant to lie in wait for me, as he does today.”
9 But Doeg(N) the Edomite, who was standing with Saul’s officials, said, “I saw the son of Jesse come to Ahimelek son of Ahitub(O) at Nob.(P) 10 Ahimelek inquired(Q) of the Lord for him; he also gave him provisions(R) and the sword(S) of Goliath the Philistine.”
11 Then the king sent for the priest Ahimelek son of Ahitub and all the men of his family, who were the priests at Nob, and they all came to the king. 12 Saul said, “Listen now, son of Ahitub.”
“Yes, my lord,” he answered.
13 Saul said to him, “Why have you conspired(T) against me, you and the son of Jesse, giving him bread and a sword and inquiring of God for him, so that he has rebelled against me and lies in wait for me, as he does today?”
14 Ahimelek answered the king, “Who(U) of all your servants is as loyal as David, the king’s son-in-law, captain of your bodyguard and highly respected in your household? 15 Was that day the first time I inquired of God for him? Of course not! Let not the king accuse your servant or any of his father’s family, for your servant knows nothing at all about this whole affair.”
16 But the king said, “You will surely die, Ahimelek, you and your whole family.(V)”
17 Then the king ordered the guards at his side: “Turn and kill the priests of the Lord, because they too have sided with David. They knew he was fleeing, yet they did not tell me.”
But the king’s officials were unwilling(W) to raise a hand to strike the priests of the Lord.
18 The king then ordered Doeg, “You turn and strike down the priests.”(X) So Doeg the Edomite turned and struck them down. That day he killed eighty-five men who wore the linen ephod.(Y) 19 He also put to the sword(Z) Nob,(AA) the town of the priests, with its men and women, its children and infants, and its cattle, donkeys and sheep.
20 But one son of Ahimelek son of Ahitub,(AB) named Abiathar,(AC) escaped and fled to join David.(AD) 21 He told David that Saul had killed the priests of the Lord. 22 Then David said to Abiathar, “That day, when Doeg(AE) the Edomite was there, I knew he would be sure to tell Saul. I am responsible for the death of your whole family. 23 Stay with me; don’t be afraid. The man who wants to kill you(AF) is trying to kill me too. You will be safe with me.”
1 Samuel 22
King James Version
22 David therefore departed thence, and escaped to the cave Adullam: and when his brethren and all his father's house heard it, they went down thither to him.
2 And every one that was in distress, and every one that was in debt, and every one that was discontented, gathered themselves unto him; and he became a captain over them: and there were with him about four hundred men.
3 And David went thence to Mizpeh of Moab: and he said unto the king of Moab, Let my father and my mother, I pray thee, come forth, and be with you, till I know what God will do for me.
4 And he brought them before the king of Moab: and they dwelt with him all the while that David was in the hold.
5 And the prophet Gad said unto David, Abide not in the hold; depart, and get thee into the land of Judah. Then David departed, and came into the forest of Hareth.
6 When Saul heard that David was discovered, and the men that were with him, (now Saul abode in Gibeah under a tree in Ramah, having his spear in his hand, and all his servants were standing about him;)
7 Then Saul said unto his servants that stood about him, Hear now, ye Benjamites; will the son of Jesse give every one of you fields and vineyards, and make you all captains of thousands, and captains of hundreds;
8 That all of you have conspired against me, and there is none that sheweth me that my son hath made a league with the son of Jesse, and there is none of you that is sorry for me, or sheweth unto me that my son hath stirred up my servant against me, to lie in wait, as at this day?
9 Then answered Doeg the Edomite, which was set over the servants of Saul, and said, I saw the son of Jesse coming to Nob, to Ahimelech the son of Ahitub.
10 And he enquired of the Lord for him, and gave him victuals, and gave him the sword of Goliath the Philistine.
11 Then the king sent to call Ahimelech the priest, the son of Ahitub, and all his father's house, the priests that were in Nob: and they came all of them to the king.
12 And Saul said, Hear now, thou son of Ahitub. And he answered, Here I am, my lord.
13 And Saul said unto him, Why have ye conspired against me, thou and the son of Jesse, in that thou hast given him bread, and a sword, and hast enquired of God for him, that he should rise against me, to lie in wait, as at this day?
14 Then Ahimelech answered the king, and said, And who is so faithful among all thy servants as David, which is the king's son in law, and goeth at thy bidding, and is honourable in thine house?
15 Did I then begin to enquire of God for him? be it far from me: let not the king impute any thing unto his servant, nor to all the house of my father: for thy servant knew nothing of all this, less or more.
16 And the king said, Thou shalt surely die, Ahimelech, thou, and all thy father's house.
17 And the king said unto the footmen that stood about him, Turn, and slay the priests of the Lord: because their hand also is with David, and because they knew when he fled, and did not shew it to me. But the servants of the king would not put forth their hand to fall upon the priests of the Lord.
18 And the king said to Doeg, Turn thou, and fall upon the priests. And Doeg the Edomite turned, and he fell upon the priests, and slew on that day fourscore and five persons that did wear a linen ephod.
19 And Nob, the city of the priests, smote he with the edge of the sword, both men and women, children and sucklings, and oxen, and asses, and sheep, with the edge of the sword.
20 And one of the sons of Ahimelech the son of Ahitub, named Abiathar, escaped, and fled after David.
21 And Abiathar shewed David that Saul had slain the Lord's priests.
22 And David said unto Abiathar, I knew it that day, when Doeg the Edomite was there, that he would surely tell Saul: I have occasioned the death of all the persons of thy father's house.
23 Abide thou with me, fear not: for he that seeketh my life seeketh thy life: but with me thou shalt be in safeguard.
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