David, chef de bande

22 Là-dessus David quitta la ville de Gath et alla se réfugier dans la grotte d’Adoullam[a]. Lorsque ses frères et tous les membres de sa famille l’apprirent, ils allèrent l’y rejoindre. Et tous les gens qui étaient dans la détresse, tous ceux qui avaient des dettes et tous les mécontents se rallièrent à lui, et il devint leur chef. Il y eut ainsi quelque quatre cents hommes qui se regroupèrent autour de lui.

Plus tard, David se rendit de là à Mitspé de Moab et il dit au roi de Moab[b] : Permets, je te prie, à mon père et à ma mère de venir se réfugier chez vous jusqu’à ce que je sache ce que Dieu fera pour moi.

Il amena donc ses parents auprès du roi de Moab, et ils restèrent chez lui tout le temps que David passa dans son refuge fortifié.

Un jour, le prophète Gad dit à David : Ne reste pas dans cette forteresse. Pars et rentre au pays de Juda.

David s’en alla et s’enfonça dans la forêt de Héreth.

Saül se venge sur Ahimélek et sa famille

Saül apprit qu’on avait repéré David et ses hommes. Il siégeait à Guibéa sur la colline, à l’ombre d’un tamaris, sa lance à la main. Tous ses familiers se tenaient autour de lui. Saül leur dit : Ecoutez bien, hommes de Benjamin : croyez-vous que le fils d’Isaï donnera à chacun de vous des champs et des vignes ? Est-ce qu’il fera de vous tous des chefs de « milliers » et de « centaines » ? Alors pourquoi avez-vous tous comploté contre moi de sorte que personne ne m’a averti que mon fils a conclu un pacte avec le fils d’Isaï. Aucun de vous ne se soucie de moi et personne ne m’a prévenu que mon fils a dressé mon serviteur contre moi pour me tendre des pièges, comme cela apparaît aujourd’hui.

Doëg l’Edomite, qui était à la tête des fonctionnaires de Saül, répondit : J’ai vu le fils d’Isaï arriver à Nob, chez Ahimélek, le fils d’Ahitoub. 10 Celui-ci a consulté l’Eternel pour lui et lui a fourni des vivres. Il lui a aussi remis l’épée de Goliath le Philistin[c].

11 Alors le roi envoya chercher le prêtre Ahimélek, fils d’Ahitoub, ainsi que tous les prêtres, membres de son groupe familial qui étaient à Nob. Tous vinrent se présenter devant le roi.

12 – Ecoute bien, fils d’Ahitoub ! lui dit Saül quand celui-ci fut devant lui.

– Oui, mon seigneur, j’écoute, lui répondit-il.

13 – Pourquoi avez-vous comploté contre moi, toi et le fils d’Isaï ? lui dit Saül. Tu lui as donné du pain et une épée, et tu as consulté Dieu pour lui, pour qu’il se révolte contre moi et me tende des pièges, comme c’est le cas aujourd’hui.

14 Ahimélek répondit au roi en disant : Y a-t-il parmi tous tes fonctionnaires quelqu’un d’aussi fidèle que David ? De plus, c’est le gendre du roi. Et n’est-il pas le chef de ta garde personnelle ? N’est-il pas hautement honoré à la cour royale ? 15 Et si j’ai consulté Dieu pour lui, était-ce la première fois ? Je n’ai jamais eu l’idée de comploter contre toi. Que le roi ne mette pas sur mon compte ni sur celui d’aucun membre de mon groupe familial une telle chose, car ton serviteur ignorait absolument tout de cette affaire.

16 Le roi dit : Ahimélek, tu mourras, toi et tout ton groupe familial, c’est décidé.

17 Puis il ordonna à ses gardes qui se tenaient près de lui : Allez, mettez à mort ces prêtres de l’Eternel, parce qu’eux aussi ont soutenu David. Ils savaient qu’il était en fuite et ils ne m’en ont pas averti.

Mais les gardes refusèrent de porter la main sur les prêtres de l’Eternel.

18 Alors le roi ordonna à Doëg : Vas-y, toi, exécute ces prêtres.

Doëg l’Edomite s’avança et ce fut lui qui tua les prêtres. Il mit à mort en ce jour quatre-vingt-cinq hommes portant le vêtement sacerdotal en lin. 19 Saül fit aussi massacrer par l’épée tous les autres habitants de Nob, la ville des prêtres ; tous y passèrent : hommes, femmes, enfants, nourrissons, bœufs, ânes, brebis.

20 Un fils d’Ahimélek, fils d’Ahitoub, nommé Abiatar réussit cependant à s’échapper et il s’enfuit auprès de David. 21 Il lui annonça que Saül avait fait tuer les prêtres de l’Eternel. 22 David s’exclama : Je m’étais bien douté, l’autre jour, que Doëg l’Edomite, qui était aussi à Nob, ne manquerait pas d’informer Saül de tout ce qui s’est passé. C’est donc moi qui suis la cause de la mort de toutes les personnes de ton groupe familial. 23 Maintenant, reste avec moi et ne crains rien. Nous avons un ennemi commun, toi et moi, qui en veut à notre vie, mais auprès de moi tu seras en sécurité.

Footnotes

  1. 22.1 La grotte d’Adoullam est située à une vingtaine de kilomètres de Bethléhem, au sud-ouest de Jérusalem. Elle était d’accès difficile, donc facile à défendre. Voir les Ps 57 et 142.
  2. 22.3 L’aïeule de David était moabite (Rt 1.22 ; 4.17-22).
  3. 22.10 Voir Ps 52.2.

Flight to a Cave and to Moab

22 So David walked from there and escaped to the cave of Adullam. When his brothers and all his father’s house heard about it, they went down there to him. Anyone who was in distress, anyone in debt, and anyone embittered rallied around him, and he became their leader. There were about 400 men with him.

Then David left from there to Mizpah of Moab, and he said to the king of Moab, “Please, let my father and my mother come and stay with you until I know what God will do for me.” Then he brought them to the king of Moab, and they stayed with him all the time that David was in the stronghold.

But the prophet Gad said to David, “Do not stay in the stronghold; depart, and go to the land of Judah.” So David left and went to the forest of Hereth.

Then Saul heard that David and the men with him were located. Saul was in Gibeah, sitting under the tamarisk tree on the height, spear in his hand, and all his courtiers were attending him. Saul said to his courtiers standing about him, “Listen now, Benjamites! Will the son of Jesse give every one of you fields and vineyards? Will he make all of you captains of thousands and captains of hundreds? Yet all of you have conspired against me, and there was nobody disclosing to me when my son makes a covenant with the son of Jesse! None of you is sorry for me or discloses to me that my son has stirred up my servant against me to lie in ambush—as is the case today?”

Then Doeg the Edomite, who was standing among Saul’s courtiers, answered and said, “I saw the son of Jesse coming to Nob—to Ahimelech son of Ahitub— 10 and he inquired of Adonai for him, gave him provisions and gave him the sword of Goliath the Philistine.”

11 Then the king sent word to summon the kohen Ahimelech son of Ahitub and all the kohanim of his father’s house who were in Nob. So they all came to the king. 12 “Listen now, son of Ahitub,” Saul said.

“Here I am, my lord,” he said.

13 Then Saul said to him, “Why have you conspired against me—you and the son of Jesse—by giving him bread and a sword, and by inquiring of God for him, that he should rise against me by lying in ambush, as is the case today?”

14 Then Ahimelech answered the king saying, “Who among all your servants is as trusted as David, the king’s son-in-law, a captain of the royal guard, and honored in your house? 15 Just today I began to inquire of God for him? Far be it from the king to accuse his servant or to anyone of my father’s house. For your servant knows nothing of all this, whether little or much.”

16 But the king said, “You will surely die, Ahimelech, you and all your father’s house.” 17 Then the king ordered the guards attending him, “Turn around and kill the kohanim of Adonai, for they are in cahoots with David, for they knew that he was running away but did not inform me.” But the servants of the king were not willing to raise their hand to assault the kohanim of Adonai. 18 So the king said to Doeg, “You, turn around and kill the kohanim!” So Doeg the Edomite turned and fell upon the kohanim and on that day killed 85 men who wore the linen ephod. 19 Nob, the town of the kohanim, he struck with the edge of the sword: men and women, children and infants, oxen, asses, and sheep with the edge of the sword.

20 Yet one of the sons of Ahimelech son of Ahitub, named Abiathar, escaped and fled to David. 21 Abiathar told David that Saul had slain Adonai’s kohanim. 22 Then David said to Abiathar, “I knew on that day, when Doeg the Edomite was there, that he would surely tell Saul. I have brought about the death of all the people of your father’s house. 23 Stay with me, and fear not; for the one who is seeking my life is seeking your life too—but with me you will be safe.”

David at Adullam and Mizpah

22 David left Gath and escaped to the cave(A) of Adullam.(B) When his brothers and his father’s household heard about it, they went down to him there. All those who were in distress or in debt or discontented gathered(C) around him, and he became their commander. About four hundred men were with him.

From there David went to Mizpah in Moab and said to the king of Moab, “Would you let my father and mother come and stay with you until I learn what God will do for me?” So he left them with the king of Moab,(D) and they stayed with him as long as David was in the stronghold.

But the prophet Gad(E) said to David, “Do not stay in the stronghold. Go into the land of Judah.” So David left and went to the forest of Hereth.(F)

Saul Kills the Priests of Nob

Now Saul heard that David and his men had been discovered. And Saul was seated,(G) spear in hand, under the tamarisk(H) tree on the hill at Gibeah, with all his officials standing at his side. He said to them, “Listen, men of Benjamin! Will the son of Jesse give all of you fields and vineyards? Will he make all of you commanders(I) of thousands and commanders of hundreds? Is that why you have all conspired(J) against me? No one tells me when my son makes a covenant(K) with the son of Jesse.(L) None of you is concerned(M) about me or tells me that my son has incited my servant to lie in wait for me, as he does today.”

But Doeg(N) the Edomite, who was standing with Saul’s officials, said, “I saw the son of Jesse come to Ahimelek son of Ahitub(O) at Nob.(P) 10 Ahimelek inquired(Q) of the Lord for him; he also gave him provisions(R) and the sword(S) of Goliath the Philistine.”

11 Then the king sent for the priest Ahimelek son of Ahitub and all the men of his family, who were the priests at Nob, and they all came to the king. 12 Saul said, “Listen now, son of Ahitub.”

“Yes, my lord,” he answered.

13 Saul said to him, “Why have you conspired(T) against me, you and the son of Jesse, giving him bread and a sword and inquiring of God for him, so that he has rebelled against me and lies in wait for me, as he does today?”

14 Ahimelek answered the king, “Who(U) of all your servants is as loyal as David, the king’s son-in-law, captain of your bodyguard and highly respected in your household? 15 Was that day the first time I inquired of God for him? Of course not! Let not the king accuse your servant or any of his father’s family, for your servant knows nothing at all about this whole affair.”

16 But the king said, “You will surely die, Ahimelek, you and your whole family.(V)

17 Then the king ordered the guards at his side: “Turn and kill the priests of the Lord, because they too have sided with David. They knew he was fleeing, yet they did not tell me.”

But the king’s officials were unwilling(W) to raise a hand to strike the priests of the Lord.

18 The king then ordered Doeg, “You turn and strike down the priests.”(X) So Doeg the Edomite turned and struck them down. That day he killed eighty-five men who wore the linen ephod.(Y) 19 He also put to the sword(Z) Nob,(AA) the town of the priests, with its men and women, its children and infants, and its cattle, donkeys and sheep.

20 But one son of Ahimelek son of Ahitub,(AB) named Abiathar,(AC) escaped and fled to join David.(AD) 21 He told David that Saul had killed the priests of the Lord. 22 Then David said to Abiathar, “That day, when Doeg(AE) the Edomite was there, I knew he would be sure to tell Saul. I am responsible for the death of your whole family. 23 Stay with me; don’t be afraid. The man who wants to kill you(AF) is trying to kill me too. You will be safe with me.”