21 Là-dessus, David se mit en route et s’en alla, tandis que Jonathan retourna en ville.

David chez le prêtre Ahimélek

David se rendit à Nob[a], auprès du prêtre Ahimélek. Celui-ci accourut tout tremblant au-devant de lui et lui demanda : Comment se fait-il que tu sois seul ? Pourquoi n’y a-t-il personne avec toi ?

– Le roi m’a chargé d’une mission, lui répondit David, et il m’a dit : « Que personne ne sache rien de l’affaire pour laquelle je t’envoie et de l’ordre que je t’ai donné. » C’est pourquoi j’ai donné rendez-vous à mes hommes à un certain endroit. Maintenant, qu’as-tu à manger sous la main ? Peux-tu me donner cinq pains ou quelque chose d’autre ?

Le prêtre lui répondit : Je n’ai pas de pain ordinaire sous la main, mais seulement des pains consacrés[b]. Tu peux les prendre pour tes hommes s’ils n’ont pas eu de relations sexuelles récemment.

David répondit au prêtre : Ils n’en ont certainement pas eues, tout comme par le passé quand je suis parti en campagne. Si l’équipement de mes hommes est consacré pour une expédition profane, à plus forte raison aujourd’hui sont-ils tous consacrés avec leur équipement.

Alors le prêtre lui remit des pains consacrés, car il n’en avait pas d’autres sous la main. C’étaient des pains qui avaient été exposés devant l’Eternel et qui venaient d’être retirés de la table de l’Eternel pour être remplacés par du pain frais[c]. Or, ce même jour, un haut fonctionnaire de Saül se trouvait là pour accomplir un devoir religieux devant l’Eternel. Il s’appelait Doëg l’Edomite. C’était le chef des bergers de Saül.

David demanda ensuite à Ahimélek : N’aurais-tu pas une lance ou une épée sous la main ? La mission du roi était si urgente que je n’ai pas même eu le temps d’emporter mon épée ou d’autres armes.

10 Le prêtre répondit : Il y a l’épée de Goliath, le Philistin que tu as vaincu dans la vallée du Chêne. La voilà, enveloppée dans un drap derrière l’éphod. Si tu veux, tu peux la prendre, car c’est la seule arme que nous ayons ici.

– Oui, donne-la moi, dit David, elle est sans pareille.

David chez les Philistins

11 Puis David partit ce même jour pour s’enfuir loin de Saül. Il se rendit chez Akish, le roi de Gath[d].

12 Les hauts fonctionnaires d’Akish dirent au roi : N’est-ce pas David, le roi du pays ? N’est-ce pas celui pour qui l’on chantait en dansant : « Saül a vaincu ses milliers et David ses dizaines de milliers[e] » ?

13 David prit ces paroles très au sérieux. Il eut une grande peur d’Akish, le roi de Gath[f]. 14 Alors il fit semblant devant eux d’avoir perdu la raison : il se comportait de manière extravagante et faisait des marques sur les battants des portes et laissait la bave couler sur sa barbe[g]. 15 Akish dit à ses familiers : Vous voyez bien que cet homme est fou. Pourquoi me l’avez-vous amené ? 16 Est-ce que je n’ai pas assez de fous ici que vous m’ameniez encore celui-là pour se livrer à des extravagances devant moi ? Il n’est pas question qu’il mette les pieds dans ma maison !

Footnotes

  1. 21.2 Ville des environs de Jérusalem où la tente de la Rencontre fut installée après la destruction de Silo (4.3-4 ; Jr 7.12). D’après 22.10, 15, il semble que David y soit venu pour consulter l’Eternel par l’ourim et le toummim.
  2. 21.5 Voir Lv 24.5-9.
  3. 21.7 Allusion à cet épisode en Mt 12.3-4 ; Mc 2.25-26 ; Lc 6.3-4.
  4. 21.11 L’une des cinq principales villes de la Philistie.
  5. 21.12 Voir 18.7.
  6. 21.13 Voir Ps 56.1.
  7. 21.14 Voir Ps 34.1.

David and the Holy Bread

21 [a] Then David came to (A)Nob, to (B)Ahimelech the priest. And Ahimelech (C)came to meet David, trembling, and said to him, “Why are you alone, and no one with you?” And David said to Ahimelech the priest, “The king has charged me with a matter and said to me, ‘Let no one know anything of the matter about which I send you, and with which I have charged you.’ I have made an appointment with the young men for such and such a place. Now then, what do you have on hand? Give me five loaves of bread, or whatever is here.” And the priest answered David, “I have no common bread on hand, but there is (D)holy bread—(E)if the young men have kept themselves from women.” And David answered the priest, “Truly women have been kept from us as always when I go on an expedition. The vessels of the young men are holy even when it is an ordinary journey. How much more today will their vessels be holy?” So the priest gave him (F)the holy bread, for there was no bread there but the bread of the Presence, (G)which is removed from before the Lord, to be replaced by hot bread on the day it is taken away.

Now a certain man of the servants of Saul was there that day, detained before the Lord. His name was (H)Doeg the Edomite, the chief of Saul's herdsmen.

Then David said to Ahimelech, “Then have you not here a spear or a sword at hand? For I have brought neither my sword nor my weapons with me, because the king's business required haste.” And the priest said, (I)“The sword of Goliath the Philistine, whom you struck down in (J)the Valley of Elah, behold, it is here wrapped in a cloth behind the ephod. If you will take that, take it, for there is none but that here.” And David said, “There is none like that; give it to me.”

David Flees to Gath

10 And David rose and fled that day from Saul and went to (K)Achish the king of Gath. 11 And the servants of Achish said to him, “Is not this David the king of the land? (L)Did they not sing to one another of him in dances,

‘Saul has struck down his thousands,
    and David his ten thousands’?”

12 And David (M)took these words to heart and was much afraid of Achish the king of Gath. 13 So he changed his behavior before them and pretended to be insane in their hands and made marks on the doors of the gate and let his spittle run down his beard. 14 Then Achish said to his servants, “Behold, you see the man is mad. Why then have you brought him to me? 15 Do I lack madmen, that you have brought this fellow to behave as a madman in my presence? Shall this fellow come into my house?”

Footnotes

  1. 1 Samuel 21:1 Ch 21:2 in Hebrew

21 Then came David to Nob to Ahimelech the priest: and Ahimelech was afraid at the meeting of David, and said unto him, Why art thou alone, and no man with thee?

And David said unto Ahimelech the priest, The king hath commanded me a business, and hath said unto me, Let no man know any thing of the business whereabout I send thee, and what I have commanded thee: and I have appointed my servants to such and such a place.

Now therefore what is under thine hand? give me five loaves of bread in mine hand, or what there is present.

And the priest answered David, and said, There is no common bread under mine hand, but there is hallowed bread; if the young men have kept themselves at least from women.

And David answered the priest, and said unto him, Of a truth women have been kept from us about these three days, since I came out, and the vessels of the young men are holy, and the bread is in a manner common, yea, though it were sanctified this day in the vessel.

So the priest gave him hallowed bread: for there was no bread there but the shewbread, that was taken from before the Lord, to put hot bread in the day when it was taken away.

Now a certain man of the servants of Saul was there that day, detained before the Lord; and his name was Doeg, an Edomite, the chiefest of the herdmen that belonged to Saul.

And David said unto Ahimelech, And is there not here under thine hand spear or sword? for I have neither brought my sword nor my weapons with me, because the king's business required haste.

And the priest said, The sword of Goliath the Philistine, whom thou slewest in the valley of Elah, behold, it is here wrapped in a cloth behind the ephod: if thou wilt take that, take it: for there is no other save that here. And David said, There is none like that; give it me.

10 And David arose and fled that day for fear of Saul, and went to Achish the king of Gath.

11 And the servants of Achish said unto him, Is not this David the king of the land? did they not sing one to another of him in dances, saying, Saul hath slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands?

12 And David laid up these words in his heart, and was sore afraid of Achish the king of Gath.

13 And he changed his behaviour before them, and feigned himself mad in their hands, and scrabbled on the doors of the gate, and let his spittle fall down upon his beard.

14 Then said Achish unto his servants, Lo, ye see the man is mad: wherefore then have ye brought him to me?

15 Have I need of mad men, that ye have brought this fellow to play the mad man in my presence? shall this fellow come into my house?