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1 Samuel 20
New American Bible (Revised Edition)
1 Samuel 20
New American Bible (Revised Edition)
Chapter 20
David Consults with Jonathan. 1 David fled from Naioth in Ramah, and went to Jonathan. “What have I done?” he asked him. “What crime or what offense does your father hold against me that he seeks my life?”(A) 2 Jonathan answered him: “Heaven forbid that you should die! My father does nothing, great or small, without telling me. Why, then, should my father conceal this from me? It cannot be true!” 3 But David replied: “Your father is well aware that I am favored with your friendship, so he has decided, ‘Jonathan must not know about this or he will be grieved.’ Nevertheless, as the Lord lives and as you live, there is only a step between me and death.” 4 Jonathan then said to David, “I will do whatever you say.” 5 David answered: “Tomorrow is the new moon, when I should in fact dine with the king. Let me go and hide in the open country until evening.(B) 6 If it turns out that your father misses me, say, ‘David urged me to let him go on short notice to his city Bethlehem, because his whole clan is holding its seasonal sacrifice there.’(C) 7 If he says, ‘Very well,’ your servant is safe. But if he becomes quite angry, you can be sure he has planned some harm. 8 (D)Do this kindness for your servant because of the Lord’s covenant into which you brought us: if I am guilty, kill me yourself! Why should you give me up to your father?” 9 But Jonathan answered: “Not I! If ever I find out that my father is determined to harm you, I will certainly let you know.” 10 David then asked Jonathan, “Who will tell me if your father gives you a harsh answer?”
Mutual Agreement. 11 Jonathan replied to David, “Come, let us go out into the field.” When they were out in the open country together, 12 Jonathan said to David: “As the Lord, the God of Israel, lives, I will sound out my father about this time tomorrow. Whether he is well disposed toward David or not, I will inform you. 13 (E)Should it please my father to bring any harm upon you, may the Lord do thus to Jonathan and more,[a] if I do not inform you of it and send you on your way in peace. May the Lord be with you even as he was with my father. 14 Only this: if I am still alive, may you show me the kindness of the Lord. But if I die, 15 never cut off your kindness from my house. And when the Lord cuts off all the enemies of David from the face of the land, 16 the name of Jonathan must never be cut off from the family of David, or the Lord will make you answer for it.” 17 And in his love for David, Jonathan renewed his oath to him, because he loved him as he loved himself.
18 Jonathan then said to him: “Tomorrow is the new moon; you will be missed, since your place will be vacant. 19 On the third day you will be missed all the more. Go to the spot where you hid on the other occasion and wait near the mound there.(F) 20 On the third day of the month I will shoot arrows to the side of it, as though aiming at a target. 21 I will then send my attendant to recover the arrows. If in fact I say to him, ‘Look, the arrow is this side of you; pick it up,’ come, for you are safe. As the Lord lives, there will be nothing to fear. 22 But if I say to the boy, ‘Look, the arrow is beyond you,’ go, for the Lord sends you away. 23 However, in the matter which you and I have discussed, the Lord shall be between you and me forever.” 24 So David hid in the open country.
David’s Absence. On the day of the new moon, when the king sat down at the feast to dine, 25 he took his usual place against the wall. Jonathan sat facing him, while Abner sat at the king’s side. David’s place was vacant. 26 (G)Saul, however, said nothing that day, for he thought, “He must have become unclean by accident.”[b] 27 On the next day, the second day of the month, David’s place was still vacant. So Saul asked his son Jonathan, “Why has the son of Jesse not come to table yesterday or today?” 28 Jonathan explained to Saul: “David pleaded with me to let him go to Bethlehem. 29 ‘Please let me go,’ he begged, ‘for we are having a clan sacrifice in our city, and my brothers insist on my presence. Now then, if you think well of me, give me leave to visit my brothers.’ That is why he has not come to the king’s table.” 30 But Saul grew angry with Jonathan and said to him: “Son of a rebellious woman, do I not know that, to your own disgrace and to the disgrace of your mother’s nakedness, you are the companion of Jesse’s son? 31 For as long as the son of Jesse lives upon the earth, you cannot make good your claim to the kingship![c] Now send for him, and bring him to me, for he must die.”(H) 32 But Jonathan argued with his father Saul: “Why should he die? What has he done?” 33 At this Saul brandished his spear to strike him, and thus Jonathan learned that his father was determined to kill David.(I) 34 Jonathan sprang up from the table in a rage and ate nothing that second day of the month, because he was grieved on David’s account, and because his father had humiliated him.
Jonathan’s Farewell. 35 The next morning Jonathan, accompanied by a young boy, went out into the field for his appointment with David. 36 There he said to the boy, “Run and find the arrows.” And as the boy ran, he shot an arrow past him. 37 When the boy made for the spot where Jonathan had shot the arrow, Jonathan called after him, “The arrow is farther on!” 38 Again he called to the boy, “Hurry, be quick, don’t delay!” Jonathan’s boy picked up the arrow and brought it to his master. 39 The boy suspected nothing; only Jonathan and David knew what was meant. 40 Then Jonathan gave his weapons to his boy and said to him, “Go, take them to the city.” 41 When the boy had gone, David rose from beside the mound and fell on his face to the ground three times in homage. They kissed each other and wept aloud together. 42 (J)At length Jonathan said to David, “Go in peace, in keeping with what the two of us have sworn by the name of the Lord: ‘The Lord shall be between you and me, and between your offspring and mine forever.’”
Footnotes
- 20:13 See note on 3:17.
- 20:26 The meal on the first day of the month would have had religious overtones, and a ritual impurity (Lv 15:16; Dt 23:10–12) would have barred David from sharing in it.
- 20:31 Your claim to the kingship: Saul admits his intention that Jonathan should succeed him and that David is a threat to his lineage (cf. 23:17). However Jonathan has already acknowledged David’s kingship (18:3–4) and his own subservient role (20:13–16).
1 Samuelsboken 20
nuBibeln (Swedish Contemporary Bible)
1 Samuelsboken 20
nuBibeln (Swedish Contemporary Bible)
Jonatan räddar Davids liv
20 David flydde nu från Najot vid Rama och sökte upp Jonatan. ”Vad har jag gjort?” undrade han. ”Varför är din far ute efter mitt liv?” 2 ”Nej!” svarade Jonatan. ”Du ska inte dö! Han berättar allt för mig, både stort och smått. Han skulle aldrig dölja en sådan sak för mig. Det måste vara ett missförstånd!”
3 David försäkrade då med ed: ”Din far känner mycket väl till att du är välvilligt inställd till mig och därför har han sagt till sig själv: ’Jag ska inte berätta det för Jonatan, så slipper han oroa sig i onödan.’ Men så sant Herren lever och du själv lever, jag bara är ett steg från döden!”
4 ”Säg vad du vill att jag ska göra för dig, så gör jag det”, sa Jonatan.
5 David svarade: ”I morgon börjar nymånadsfesten. Då brukar jag alltid äta tillsammans med kungen, men i morgon tänker jag gömma mig ute på fälten och hålla mig där till i övermorgon kväll. 6 Om din far frågar var jag är, så säg att jag bad dig om tillåtelse att gå hem till Betlehem för att vara med på min släkts årliga offerfest. 7 Om han då säger: ’Jaså, på det sättet’, då vet du att allt är väl. Men om han blir arg, då vet du att han planerar att döda mig. 8 Gör detta för mig, din tjänare – vi har ju ingått förbund inför Herren, du och jag. Döda mig hellre du, om det nu är så att jag har syndat, men överlämna mig inte till din far!”
9 ”Naturligtvis inte!” svarade Jonatan. ”Det förstår du väl att jag tänker berätta för dig om jag märker att min far planerar att röja dig ur vägen!” 10 Då frågade David: ”Men hur ska jag få veta om din far ger dig ett hårt svar?”
11 ”Kom med mig ut på fälten”, svarade Jonatan. Och så gick de ut tillsammans 12 och där sa Jonatan till David: ”Jag lovar inför Herren, Israels Gud, att jag vid så här dags i morgon eller övermorgon ska ta reda på vad min far tänker om dig och genast låta dig veta det! 13 Om han verkligen vill skada dig, får Herren straffa mig om jag inte berättar det för dig, så att du kan fly och överleva. Ja, Herren ska vara med dig på samma sätt som han varit med min far! 14 Visa Herrens godhet mot mig så länge jag lever, så att jag inte dödas[a] 15 och sedan också mot min släkt efter det att Herren har utplånat alla Davids fiender från jorden!”
16 Jonatan ingick alltså ett förbund med Davids släkt och David sa: ”Herren ska ställa Davids fiender till svars.” 17 Jonatan bekräftade sin kärlek till David med ed ännu en gång, för han älskade David lika mycket som sig själv.
18 Sedan sa Jonatan: ”Vi kommer att sakna dig i morgon när det är nymånadsfest och din plats vid bordet står tom. 19 I övermorgon ska du gå och hålla dig vid gömstället vid stenröset där du var förut. 20 Jag tänker komma dit och skjuta tre pilar framför röset som om jag sköt mot ett mål. 21 Sedan ska jag be en pojke att hämta pilarna. Om du hör mig säga till honom att de är på den här sidan, då vet du att allt är väl och att det inte finns någon fara för dig, så sant Herren lever. 22 Men om jag säger till honom att gå längre bort för att pilarna ligger längre fram, då vet du att Herren sänder dig härifrån omedelbart. 23 Må Herren vaka över de löften vi gett varandra! Han är vårt vittne.”
24 David gömde sig alltså ute på fälten och när nymånadfesten började, satte sig kungen ner för att äta. 25 Han satt på sin vanliga plats vid väggen. Jonatan satt mitt emot honom och Avner satt bredvid Saul. Men Davids plats stod tom. 26 Saul sa ingenting om det den dagen – han antog att det säkert hade hänt David något som gjorde honom oren[b]. 27 Men när Davids plats stod tom också nästa dag, på andra dagen av nymånadsfesten, frågade Saul sin son Jonatan: ”Varför har inte Jishajs son varit här varken i går eller i dag?”
28 Jonatan svarade: ”David frågade mig om han kunde få gå hem till Betlehem. 29 Han sa: ’Låt mig gå för att vara med på min släkts offerfest, min bror vill att jag ska vara där. Visa mig välvilja och låt mig gå och träffa mina bröder.’ Det är därför han inte har kommit till kungens bord.”
30 Saul började koka av vrede. ”Din horunge!” sa han åt honom. ”Tror du inte att jag vet att du har tagit parti för Jishajs son, den oduglingen, och skämmer ut både dig och din mor? 31 Så länge Jishajs son finns på denna jord, kommer du aldrig att bli kung! Gå genast och hämta hit honom, för han måste dö!”
32 ”Men vad har han gjort?” frågade Jonatan sin far. ”Varför ska han dödas?” 33 Då kastade Saul sitt spjut mot Jonatan och försökte döda honom. Jonatan förstod då att hans far menade allvar med att döda David. 34 Och han lämnade bordet i vrede och åt inget mer denna andra dag av nymånadsfesten, för han var upprörd över sin fars skändliga behandling av David.
35 Nästa morgon gick Jonatan ut till det fält som han och David hade bestämt och han tog en ung pojke med sig.
36 ”Spring nu”, sa han till pojken, ”så att du kan hämta pilarna allt eftersom jag skjuter dem.”
Pojken sprang genast i väg och Jonatan sköt en pil över honom. 37 När pojken nästan hade nått fram till pilen, ropade Jonatan: ”Pilen är längre bort, 38 skynda dig, skynda dig, vänta inte!” Pojken sprang snabbt och plockade upp pilen och återvände sedan till sin herre, 39 men han anade ingenting om det som Jonatan och David visste. 40 Sedan gav Jonatan sina vapen till pojken och bad honom att ta dem tillbaka till staden.
41 Så snart han hade gått, kom David fram från sitt gömställe bakom stenröset. Han bugade sig tre gånger med ansiktet mot marken. Sedan kysste de varandra och båda grät, David allra mest. 42 Slutligen sa Jonatan till David: ”Gå i frid! Vi har svurit varandra en ed i Herrens namn. Han ska vara vittnet mellan mig och dig och mellan våra efterkommande för alltid.”
43 Så vände sig David om och gick och Jonatan återvände till staden.
1 Samuel 20
New International Version
1 Samuel 20
New International Version
David and Jonathan
20 Then David fled from Naioth at Ramah and went to Jonathan and asked, “What have I done? What is my crime? How have I wronged(A) your father, that he is trying to kill me?”(B)
2 “Never!” Jonathan replied. “You are not going to die! Look, my father doesn’t do anything, great or small, without letting me know. Why would he hide this from me? It isn’t so!”
3 But David took an oath(C) and said, “Your father knows very well that I have found favor in your eyes, and he has said to himself, ‘Jonathan must not know this or he will be grieved.’ Yet as surely as the Lord lives and as you live, there is only a step between me and death.”
4 Jonathan said to David, “Whatever you want me to do, I’ll do for you.”
5 So David said, “Look, tomorrow is the New Moon feast,(D) and I am supposed to dine with the king; but let me go and hide(E) in the field until the evening of the day after tomorrow. 6 If your father misses me at all, tell him, ‘David earnestly asked my permission(F) to hurry to Bethlehem,(G) his hometown, because an annual(H) sacrifice is being made there for his whole clan.’ 7 If he says, ‘Very well,’ then your servant is safe. But if he loses his temper,(I) you can be sure that he is determined(J) to harm me. 8 As for you, show kindness to your servant, for you have brought him into a covenant(K) with you before the Lord. If I am guilty, then kill(L) me yourself! Why hand me over to your father?”
9 “Never!” Jonathan said. “If I had the least inkling that my father was determined to harm you, wouldn’t I tell you?”
10 David asked, “Who will tell me if your father answers you harshly?”
11 “Come,” Jonathan said, “let’s go out into the field.” So they went there together.
12 Then Jonathan said to David, “I swear by the Lord, the God of Israel, that I will surely sound(M) out my father by this time the day after tomorrow! If he is favorably disposed toward you, will I not send you word and let you know? 13 But if my father intends to harm you, may the Lord deal with Jonathan, be it ever so severely,(N) if I do not let you know and send you away in peace. May the Lord be with(O) you as he has been with my father. 14 But show me unfailing kindness(P) like the Lord’s kindness as long as I live, so that I may not be killed, 15 and do not ever cut off your kindness from my family(Q)—not even when the Lord has cut off every one of David’s enemies from the face of the earth.”
16 So Jonathan(R) made a covenant(S) with the house of David, saying, “May the Lord call David’s enemies to account.(T)” 17 And Jonathan had David reaffirm his oath(U) out of love for him, because he loved him as he loved himself.
18 Then Jonathan said to David, “Tomorrow is the New Moon feast. You will be missed, because your seat will be empty.(V) 19 The day after tomorrow, toward evening, go to the place where you hid(W) when this trouble began, and wait by the stone Ezel. 20 I will shoot three arrows(X) to the side of it, as though I were shooting at a target. 21 Then I will send a boy and say, ‘Go, find the arrows.’ If I say to him, ‘Look, the arrows are on this side of you; bring them here,’ then come, because, as surely as the Lord lives, you are safe; there is no danger. 22 But if I say to the boy, ‘Look, the arrows are beyond(Y) you,’ then you must go, because the Lord has sent you away. 23 And about the matter you and I discussed—remember, the Lord is witness(Z) between you and me forever.”
24 So David hid in the field, and when the New Moon feast(AA) came, the king sat down to eat. 25 He sat in his customary place by the wall, opposite Jonathan,[a] and Abner sat next to Saul, but David’s place was empty.(AB) 26 Saul said nothing that day, for he thought, “Something must have happened to David to make him ceremonially unclean—surely he is unclean.(AC)” 27 But the next day, the second day of the month, David’s place was empty again. Then Saul said to his son Jonathan, “Why hasn’t the son of Jesse come to the meal, either yesterday or today?”
28 Jonathan answered, “David earnestly asked me for permission(AD) to go to Bethlehem. 29 He said, ‘Let me go, because our family is observing a sacrifice(AE) in the town and my brother has ordered me to be there. If I have found favor in your eyes, let me get away to see my brothers.’ That is why he has not come to the king’s table.”
30 Saul’s anger flared up at Jonathan and he said to him, “You son of a perverse and rebellious woman! Don’t I know that you have sided with the son of Jesse to your own shame and to the shame of the mother who bore you? 31 As long as the son of Jesse lives on this earth, neither you nor your kingdom(AF) will be established. Now send someone to bring him to me, for he must die!”
32 “Why(AG) should he be put to death? What(AH) has he done?” Jonathan asked his father. 33 But Saul hurled his spear at him to kill him. Then Jonathan knew that his father intended(AI) to kill David.
34 Jonathan got up from the table in fierce anger; on that second day of the feast he did not eat, because he was grieved at his father’s shameful treatment of David.
35 In the morning Jonathan went out to the field for his meeting with David. He had a small boy with him, 36 and he said to the boy, “Run and find the arrows I shoot.” As the boy ran, he shot an arrow beyond him. 37 When the boy came to the place where Jonathan’s arrow had fallen, Jonathan called out after him, “Isn’t the arrow beyond(AJ) you?” 38 Then he shouted, “Hurry! Go quickly! Don’t stop!” The boy picked up the arrow and returned to his master. 39 (The boy knew nothing about all this; only Jonathan and David knew.) 40 Then Jonathan gave his weapons to the boy and said, “Go, carry them back to town.”
41 After the boy had gone, David got up from the south side of the stone and bowed down before Jonathan three times, with his face to the ground.(AK) Then they kissed each other and wept together—but David wept the most.
42 Jonathan said to David, “Go in peace,(AL) for we have sworn friendship(AM) with each other in the name of the Lord,(AN) saying, ‘The Lord is witness(AO) between you and me, and between your descendants and my descendants forever.(AP)’” Then David left, and Jonathan went back to the town.[b]
Footnotes
- 1 Samuel 20:25 Septuagint; Hebrew wall. Jonathan arose
- 1 Samuel 20:42 In Hebrew texts this sentence (20:42b) is numbered 21:1.
New American Bible (Revised Edition) (NABRE)
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