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1 Samuel 18
New English Translation

Saul Comes to Fear David

18 When David[a] had finished talking with Saul, Jonathan and David became bound together in close friendship.[b] Jonathan loved David as much as he did his own life.[c] 2 Saul retained David[d] on that day and did not allow him to return to his father’s house. 3 Jonathan made a covenant with David, for he loved him as much as he did his own life.[e] 4 Jonathan took off the robe he was wearing and gave it to David, along with the rest of his gear including his sword, his bow, and even his belt.

5 On every mission on which Saul sent him, David achieved success. So Saul appointed him over the men of war. This pleased not only all the army, but also Saul’s servants.[f]

6 When the men[g] arrived after David returned from striking down the Philistine, the women from all the cities of Israel came out singing and dancing to meet King Saul. They were happy as they played their tambourines and three-stringed instruments.[h] 7 The women who were playing the music sang,

“Saul has struck down his thousands,
but David his tens of thousands!”

8 This made Saul very angry. The statement displeased him and he thought,[i] “They have attributed to David tens of thousands, but to me they have attributed only thousands. What does he lack, except the kingdom?” 9 So Saul was keeping an eye on David from that day onward.

10 The next day an evil spirit from God rushed upon Saul and he prophesied[j] within his house. Now David was playing the lyre[k] as usual. There was a spear in Saul’s hand, 11 and Saul threw the spear, thinking, “I’ll nail David to the wall!” But David escaped from him on two different occasions.

12 So Saul feared David, because the Lord was with David but had departed from Saul. 13 Saul removed David[l] from his presence and made him a commanding officer.[m] David led the army out to battle and back.[n] 14 Now David achieved success in all he did,[o] for the Lord was with him. 15 When Saul saw how very successful he was, he was afraid of him. 16 But all Israel and Judah loved David, for he was the one leading them out to battle and back.

17 [p] Then Saul said to David, “Here’s my oldest daughter, Merab. I want to give her to you in marriage. Only be a brave warrior[q] for me and fight the battles of the Lord.” For Saul thought, “There’s no need for me to raise my hand against him. Let it be the hand of the Philistines!”

18 David said to Saul, “Who am I? Who are my relatives or the clan of my father[r] in Israel that I should become the king’s son-in-law?” 19 When the time came for Merab, Saul’s daughter, to be given to David, she instead was given in marriage to Adriel, who was from Meholah.

20 Now Michal, Saul’s daughter, loved David. When they told Saul about this, it[s] pleased him. 21 Saul said, “I will give her to him so that she may become a snare to him and so the hand of the Philistines may be against him.” So Saul said to David, “Today is the second time for you to become my son-in-law.”[t]

22 Then Saul instructed his servants, “Tell David secretly, ‘The king is pleased with you, and all his servants like you. So now become the king’s son-in-law.’” 23 So Saul’s servants spoke these words privately to[u] David. David replied, “Is becoming the king’s son-in-law something insignificant to you? I’m just a poor and lightly esteemed man!”

24 When Saul’s servants reported what David had said, 25 Saul replied, “Here is what you should say to David: ‘There is nothing that the king wants as a price for the bride except 100 Philistine foreskins, so that he can be avenged of his[v] enemies.’” (Now Saul was thinking that he could kill David by the hand of the Philistines.)

26 So his servants told David these things and David agreed[w] to become the king’s son-in-law. Now the specified time had not yet expired[x] 27 when David, along with his men, went out[y] and struck down 200 Philistine men. David brought their foreskins and presented all of them to the king so that he could become the king’s son-in-law. Saul then gave him his daughter Michal in marriage.

28 When Saul realized[z] that the Lord was with David and that his[aa] daughter Michal loved David,[ab] 29 Saul became even more afraid of him.[ac] Saul continued to be at odds with David from then on.[ad] 30 [ae] The leaders of the Philistines would march out, and as often as they did so, David achieved more success than all of Saul’s servants. His name was held in high esteem.

Footnotes

  1. 1 Samuel 18:1 tn Heb “he”; the referent (David) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  2. 1 Samuel 18:1 tn Heb “the soul of Jonathan was bound with the soul of David.”
  3. 1 Samuel 18:1 tn Heb “like his [own] soul.”sn On the nature of Jonathan’s love for David, see J. A. Thompson, “The Significance of the Verb Love in the David-Jonathan Narratives in 1 Samuel,” VT 24 (1974): 334-38.
  4. 1 Samuel 18:2 tn Heb “him”; the referent (David) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  5. 1 Samuel 18:3 tn Heb “like his [own] soul.”
  6. 1 Samuel 18:5 tn Heb “it was good in the eyes of all the people and also in the eyes of the servants of Saul.”
  7. 1 Samuel 18:6 tn Heb “them.” The masculine plural pronoun apparently refers to the returning soldiers.
  8. 1 Samuel 18:6 tn Heb “with tambourines, with joy, and with three-stringed instruments.”
  9. 1 Samuel 18:8 tn Heb “said.” So also in vv. 11, 17.
  10. 1 Samuel 18:10 tn Or “he raved.” This same construction appears in 1 Sam 10:10 “the spirit of God rushed upon him and then he prophesied in their midst.” It is important to consider the agent affecting Saul, the verb describing his actions, and the broader cultural background. The phrase רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים (ruakh ʾelohim) could mean “a divine wind/spirit,” “a spirit from God,” or “the spirit of God.” Unlike 1 Sam 10:10, this case involves a harmful, or evil, spirit. The range of meaning of רָעָה (raʿah) can mean either harm or evil, and here indicates that this spirit’s purpose is to afflict Saul. The verb וַיִּתְנַבֵּא (vayyitnabbeʾ) is a Hitpael of the root נָבָא (nabaʾ) which means “to prophesy” in both the Niphal and the Hitpael. The difference may well be that the Niphal refers primarily to acting as a spokesman, while the Hitpael reflects an accompanying ecstatic experience on the part of the prophet (cf. 1 Sam 10:6; 19:24). 1 Kgs 18:29 also describes the antics of the prophets of Baal with the Hitpael of the root נָבָא (nabaʾ). Ecstatic experiences or expressions were sometimes associated with prophecy in the broader West Semitic culture as well as in the Israel. Some translations focus on the presumed outward effects of the afflicting spirit on Saul and render the verb “he raged” or “he raved” (NASB, ESV, NLT, NRSV). Although most biblical references to Israel’s prophets do not involve ecstatic experiences, the original audience would probably not have made a distinction here, that is, “raving” and “prophesying” would not have been considered alternatives.
  11. 1 Samuel 18:10 tn The Hebrew text adds here “with his hand.”
  12. 1 Samuel 18:13 tn Heb “him”; the referent (David) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  13. 1 Samuel 18:13 tn Heb “an officer of a thousand.”
  14. 1 Samuel 18:13 tn Heb “and he went out and came in before the people.” See v. 16.
  15. 1 Samuel 18:14 tn Heb “in all his ways.”
  16. 1 Samuel 18:17 tc Much of the ms evidence for the LXX lacks vv. 17-19.
  17. 1 Samuel 18:17 tn Heb “son of valor.”
  18. 1 Samuel 18:18 tn Heb “Who are my relatives, the clan of my father?” The term חַי (khay), traditionally understood as “my life,” is here a rare word meaning “family, kinfolk” (see HALOT 309 s.v. III חַי). The phrase “clan of my father” may be a scribal gloss explaining the referent of this rare word.
  19. 1 Samuel 18:20 tn Heb “the matter.”
  20. 1 Samuel 18:21 tc The final sentence of v. 21 is absent in most LXX mss.
  21. 1 Samuel 18:23 tn Heb “in the ears of.”
  22. 1 Samuel 18:25 tn Heb “the king’s.”
  23. 1 Samuel 18:26 tn Heb “and it was acceptable in the eyes of David.”
  24. 1 Samuel 18:26 tn Heb “the days were not fulfilled.”
  25. 1 Samuel 18:27 tn Heb “arose and went.”
  26. 1 Samuel 18:28 tn Heb “saw and knew.”
  27. 1 Samuel 18:28 tn Heb “Saul’s.” In the translation the proper name has been replaced by the pronoun for stylistic reasons.
  28. 1 Samuel 18:28 tn Heb “him”; the referent (David) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  29. 1 Samuel 18:29 tn Heb “of David.” In the translation the proper name has been replaced by the pronoun for stylistic reasons.
  30. 1 Samuel 18:29 tc The final sentence of v. 29 is absent in most LXX mss.tn Heb “all the days.”
  31. 1 Samuel 18:30 tc Verse 30 is absent in most LXX mss.
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Първо Царе 18
Библия, нов превод от оригиналните езици (с неканоничните книги)

Давид и домът на Саул

18 (A)Когато Давид завърши разговора със Саул, душата на Йонатан се привърза към душата на Давид и Йонатан го обикна като себе си. 2 В онзи ден Саул задържа Давид и не го остави да се върне в дома на баща си. 3 (B)А понеже го обикна като себе си, Йонатан сключи съюз с Давид. 4 (C)Тогава Йонатан сне горната си дреха, която носеше, и я даде на Давид, също – снаряжението си, меча си, лъка си и пояса си. 5 И Давид отиваше навсякъде, където го изпращаше Саул, като действаше разумно. Тогава Саул го постави над своите воини. И това се хареса на целия народ и дори на Сауловите служители.

6 (D)Когато се връщаха след Давидовата победа над филистимеца, жените от всички израилски градове излизаха с песни и хора да срещнат цар Саул с тимпани, с радостен вик и цимбали. 7 (E)И жените, които танцуваха и пееха, и казваха: „Саул уби хиляди, а Давид – десетки хиляди.“ 8 Тогава Саул се разгневи много. Тези думи му бяха неприятни и каза: „На Давид дадоха десетки хиляди, а на мене дадоха хиляди. Не му достига само царска власт.“ 9 И от този ден Саул гледаше Давид подозрително.

10 (F)На следващия ден върху Саул дойде зъл дух от Бога и той буйстваше в дома си. А Давид свиреше с ръка на арфа, както всеки ден. Саул държеше копие в ръка. 11 И Саул хвърли копието, като си помисли: „Ще прикова Давид към стената.“ Но Давид го отбягна на два пъти. 12 Тогава Саул започна да се бои от Давид, понеже Господ беше с Давид, а от Саул се отдръпна. 13 И Саул отстрани Давид от себе си и го постави за хилядник. Така Давид потегляше и влизаше в битка пред хората си. 14 (G)И Давид беше благоразумен във всичките си дела и Господ беше с него. 15 Когато Саул видя, че той беше твърде разумен, започна да се страхува от него още повече. 16 (H)А цял Израил и Юдея обичаха Давид, защото той ги водеше в битка и ги връщаше.

17 И Саул каза на Давид: „Ето по-голямата ми дъщеря Мерова. Ще ти я дам за жена. Само бъди ми храбър и води войните Господни!“ Саул си казваше: „Нека ръката ми да не се вдигне срещу него, но ръката на филистимците да бъде срещу него.“ 18 Но Давид каза на Саул: „Кой съм аз? И какви са моят живот, моето семейство и родът на моя баща, за да стана царски зет?“ 19 Когато настъпи време Сауловата дъщеря Мерова да бъде дадена на Давид, тя беше дадена за жена на Адриел от Мехола.

20 Обаче другата Саулова дъщеря Мелхола обичаше Давид. И когато съобщиха това на Саул, стана му приятно. 21 И Саул си каза: „Ще му я дам, за да му бъде примка и ръката на филистимците да бъде против него.“ Тогава Саул за втори път рече на Давид: „Ти може да ми станеш зет.“ 22 И Саул заповяда на служителите си: „Говорете тайно на Давид и кажете: ‘Ето ти се понрави на царя и всичките му служители те обичат. Хайде, стани зет на царя.’“ 23 И служителите на Саул говореха на Давид на ухо всички тези думи. А Давид попита: „Може ли един обикновен в очите ви мъж да стане царски зет? Аз съм беден и незначителен човек.“

24 Тогава служителите известиха на Саул, казвайки: „Ето какво казва Давид.“ 25 Тогава Саул рече: „Така кажете на Давид: ‘Царят не желае друг брачен откуп освен сто филистимски краекожия като възмездие спрямо царските врагове.’“ Саул мислеше всъщност Давид да падне в ръцете на филистимците. 26 Когато неговите служители съобщиха на Давид тези думи, стори му се правилно да стане зет на царя. Още не бяха изминали определените дни, 27 Давид стана и тръгна, той и мъжете му, и уби двеста души филистимци. И Давид донесе краекожията им и ги представи на царя в пълен брой, за да стане зет на царя. И Саул му даде дъщеря си Мелхола за жена. 28 Когато Саул видя и разбра, че Господ е с Давид, а Сауловата дъщеря Мелхола го обича, 29 Саул започна да се бои от Давид още повече. Така Саул стана враг на Давид завинаги.

30 А филистимските военачалници тръгнаха да се сражават и от излизането им на бой Давид често действаше по-съобразително от всички Саулови служители и неговото име се прослави твърде много.

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1 Samuel 18
New International Version

Saul’s Growing Fear of David

18 After David had finished talking with Saul, Jonathan(A) became one in spirit with David, and he loved(B) him as himself.(C) 2 From that day Saul kept David with him and did not let him return home to his family. 3 And Jonathan made a covenant(D) with David because he loved him as himself. 4 Jonathan took off the robe(E) he was wearing and gave it to David, along with his tunic, and even his sword, his bow and his belt.(F)

5 Whatever mission Saul sent him on, David was so successful(G) that Saul gave him a high rank in the army.(H) This pleased all the troops, and Saul’s officers as well.

6 When the men were returning home after David had killed the Philistine, the women came out from all the towns of Israel to meet King Saul with singing and dancing,(I) with joyful songs and with timbrels(J) and lyres. 7 As they danced, they sang:(K)

“Saul has slain his thousands,
    and David his tens(L) of thousands.”

8 Saul was very angry; this refrain displeased him greatly. “They have credited David with tens of thousands,” he thought, “but me with only thousands. What more can he get but the kingdom?(M)” 9 And from that time on Saul kept a close(N) eye on David.

10 The next day an evil[a] spirit(O) from God came forcefully on Saul. He was prophesying in his house, while David was playing the lyre,(P) as he usually(Q) did. Saul had a spear(R) in his hand 11 and he hurled it, saying to himself,(S) “I’ll pin David to the wall.” But David eluded(T) him twice.(U)

12 Saul was afraid(V) of David, because the Lord(W) was with(X) David but had departed from(Y) Saul. 13 So he sent David away from him and gave him command over a thousand men, and David led(Z) the troops in their campaigns.(AA) 14 In everything he did he had great success,(AB) because the Lord was with(AC) him. 15 When Saul saw how successful he was, he was afraid of him. 16 But all Israel and Judah loved David, because he led them in their campaigns.(AD)

17 Saul said to David, “Here is my older daughter(AE) Merab. I will give her to you in marriage;(AF) only serve me bravely and fight the battles(AG) of the Lord.” For Saul said to himself,(AH) “I will not raise a hand against him. Let the Philistines do that!”

18 But David said to Saul, “Who am I,(AI) and what is my family or my clan in Israel, that I should become the king’s son-in-law?(AJ)” 19 So[b] when the time came for Merab,(AK) Saul’s daughter, to be given to David, she was given in marriage to Adriel of Meholah.(AL)

20 Now Saul’s daughter Michal(AM) was in love with David, and when they told Saul about it, he was pleased.(AN) 21 “I will give her to him,” he thought, “so that she may be a snare(AO) to him and so that the hand of the Philistines may be against him.” So Saul said to David, “Now you have a second opportunity to become my son-in-law.”

22 Then Saul ordered his attendants: “Speak to David privately and say, ‘Look, the king likes you, and his attendants all love you; now become his son-in-law.’”

23 They repeated these words to David. But David said, “Do you think it is a small matter to become the king’s son-in-law?(AP) I’m only a poor man and little known.”

24 When Saul’s servants told him what David had said, 25 Saul replied, “Say to David, ‘The king wants no other price(AQ) for the bride than a hundred Philistine foreskins, to take revenge(AR) on his enemies.’” Saul’s plan(AS) was to have David fall by the hands of the Philistines.

26 When the attendants told David these things, he was pleased to become the king’s son-in-law. So before the allotted time elapsed, 27 David took his men with him and went out and killed two hundred Philistines and brought back their foreskins. They counted out the full number to the king so that David might become the king’s son-in-law. Then Saul gave him his daughter Michal(AT) in marriage.

28 When Saul realized that the Lord was with David and that his daughter Michal(AU) loved David, 29 Saul became still more afraid(AV) of him, and he remained his enemy the rest of his days.

30 The Philistine commanders continued to go out to battle, and as often as they did, David met with more success(AW) than the rest of Saul’s officers, and his name became well known.

Footnotes

  1. 1 Samuel 18:10 Or a harmful
  2. 1 Samuel 18:19 Or However,
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撒母耳记上 18
Revised Chinese Union Version (Simplified Script) Shen Edition

大卫与约拿单

18 大卫对扫罗说完了话，约拿单的心与大卫的心深相契合。约拿单爱大卫，如同爱自己的性命。 2 那日扫罗留住大卫，不让他回父家。 3 约拿单爱大卫如同爱自己的性命，就与他立约。 4 约拿单从身上脱下外袍，给了大卫，又把战衣、刀、弓、腰带都给了他。 5 扫罗无论差遣大卫往何处去，他都做事精明。扫罗立他作军队的指挥官，众百姓和扫罗的臣仆都看为美。

扫罗妒忌大卫

6 大卫打死了那非利士人，同众人回来的时候，妇女们从以色列各城里出来，欢欢喜喜，打鼓奏乐，唱歌跳舞，迎接扫罗王。 7 众妇女欢乐唱和，说：

“扫罗杀死千千，
    大卫杀死万万。”

8 扫罗非常愤怒，不喜欢这话。他说：“将万万归给大卫，千千归给我，只剩下王国没有给他！” 9 从这日起，扫罗就敌视大卫。

10 次日，从　神来的邪灵紧抓住扫罗，他就在家中胡言乱语。大卫照常弹琴，扫罗手里拿着枪。 11 扫罗把枪一掷，心里说：“我要将大卫刺透，钉在墙上。”大卫闪避了他两次。

12 扫罗惧怕大卫，因为耶和华离开自己，与大卫同在。 13 所以扫罗叫大卫离开自己，立他为千夫长，他就领兵出入。 14 大卫所做的每一件事都精明，耶和华也与他同在。 15 扫罗见大卫做事精明，就更怕他。 16 但以色列和犹大众人都爱大卫，因为他领他们出入。

大卫娶扫罗的女儿

17 扫罗对大卫说：“看哪，我将大女儿米拉嫁给你，只要你作我的勇士，为耶和华争战。”扫罗心里说：“我不好亲手害他，要藉非利士人的手害他。” 18 大卫对扫罗说：“我是谁，我是什么出身，我父家在以色列中算什么，岂敢作王的女婿呢？” 19 扫罗的女儿米拉到了当嫁给大卫的时候，扫罗却将她嫁给了米何拉人亚得列。

20 扫罗的女儿米甲爱大卫。有人告诉扫罗，这件事在扫罗眼中看为合宜。 21 扫罗心里说：“我把这女儿嫁给大卫，作他的圈套，好藉非利士人的手害他。”所以扫罗第二次对大卫说：“你今日可以作我的女婿。” 22 扫罗吩咐臣仆：“你们暗中对大卫说：‘看哪，王喜欢你，王的臣仆也都爱戴你，现在你就作王的女婿吧。’” 23 扫罗的臣仆照这话说给大卫听。大卫说：“你们把作王的女婿看为小事吗？我是贫穷卑微的人。” 24 扫罗的臣仆回奏说，大卫说了这样的话。 25 扫罗说：“你们要对大卫这样说：‘王不要什么聘礼，只要一百非利士人的包皮，好在王的仇敌身上报仇。’”扫罗的意图是要大卫落在非利士人的手中。 26 扫罗的臣仆把这话告诉大卫，大卫就欢喜作王的女婿。日期还没有到， 27 大卫和跟随他的人起来前往，杀了二百[a]非利士人，将包皮足数交给王，为要作王的女婿。于是扫罗将女儿米甲嫁给大卫。 28 扫罗见耶和华与大卫同在，女儿米甲又爱大卫， 29 就更怕大卫，常常与大卫为敌。

30 每逢非利士的军官出来打仗，大卫做事比扫罗任何臣仆更精明，因此他的名极受尊重。

Footnotes

  1. 18．27 “二百”：七十士译本是“一百”。
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撒母耳記上 18
Revised Chinese Union Version (Traditional Script) Shen Edition

大衛與約拿單

18 大衛對掃羅說完了話，約拿單的心與大衛的心深相契合。約拿單愛大衛，如同愛自己的性命。 2 那日掃羅留住大衛，不讓他回父家。 3 約拿單愛大衛如同愛自己的性命，就與他立約。 4 約拿單從身上脫下外袍，給了大衛，又把戰衣、刀、弓、腰帶都給了他。 5 掃羅無論差遣大衛往何處去，他都做事精明。掃羅立他作軍隊的指揮官，眾百姓和掃羅的臣僕都看為美。

掃羅妒忌大衛

6 大衛打死了那非利士人，同眾人回來的時候，婦女們從以色列各城裏出來，歡歡喜喜，打鼓奏樂，唱歌跳舞，迎接掃羅王。 7 眾婦女歡樂唱和，說：

「掃羅殺死千千，
    大衛殺死萬萬。」

8 掃羅非常憤怒，不喜歡這話。他說：「將萬萬歸給大衛，千千歸給我，只剩下王國沒有給他！」 9 從這日起，掃羅就敵視大衛。

10 次日，從　神來的邪靈緊抓住掃羅，他就在家中胡言亂語。大衛照常彈琴，掃羅手裏拿着槍。 11 掃羅把槍一擲，心裏說：「我要將大衛刺透，釘在牆上。」大衛閃避了他兩次。

12 掃羅懼怕大衛，因為耶和華離開自己，與大衛同在。 13 所以掃羅叫大衛離開自己，立他為千夫長，他就領兵出入。 14 大衛所做的每一件事都精明，耶和華也與他同在。 15 掃羅見大衛做事精明，就更怕他。 16 但以色列和猶大眾人都愛大衛，因為他領他們出入。

大衛娶掃羅的女兒

17 掃羅對大衛說：「看哪，我將大女兒米拉嫁給你，只要你作我的勇士，為耶和華爭戰。」掃羅心裏說：「我不好親手害他，要藉非利士人的手害他。」 18 大衛對掃羅說：「我是誰，我是甚麼出身，我父家在以色列中算甚麼，豈敢作王的女婿呢？」 19 掃羅的女兒米拉到了當嫁給大衛的時候，掃羅卻將她嫁給了米何拉人亞得列。

20 掃羅的女兒米甲愛大衛。有人告訴掃羅，這件事在掃羅眼中看為合宜。 21 掃羅心裏說：「我把這女兒嫁給大衛，作他的圈套，好藉非利士人的手害他。」所以掃羅第二次對大衛說：「你今日可以作我的女婿。」 22 掃羅吩咐臣僕：「你們暗中對大衛說：『看哪，王喜歡你，王的臣僕也都愛戴你，現在你就作王的女婿吧。』」 23 掃羅的臣僕照這話說給大衛聽。大衛說：「你們把作王的女婿看為小事嗎？我是貧窮卑微的人。」 24 掃羅的臣僕回奏說，大衛說了這樣的話。 25 掃羅說：「你們要對大衛這樣說：『王不要甚麼聘禮，只要一百非利士人的包皮，好在王的仇敵身上報仇。』」掃羅的意圖是要大衛落在非利士人的手中。 26 掃羅的臣僕把這話告訴大衛，大衛就歡喜作王的女婿。日期還沒有到， 27 大衛和跟隨他的人起來前往，殺了二百[a]非利士人，將包皮足數交給王，為要作王的女婿。於是掃羅將女兒米甲嫁給大衛。 28 掃羅見耶和華與大衛同在，女兒米甲又愛大衛， 29 就更怕大衛，常常與大衛為敵。

30 每逢非利士的軍官出來打仗，大衛做事比掃羅任何臣僕更精明，因此他的名極受尊重。

Footnotes

  1. 18．27 「二百」：七十士譯本是「一百」。
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