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Israel verzagt vor den Philistern. Sauls eigenmächtiges Opfer

13 Saul war ein Jahr König gewesen, und nachdem er zwei Jahre über Israel regiert hatte,[a]

da erwählte sich Saul 3 000 Mann aus Israel, davon waren 2 000 mit Saul in Michmas und auf dem Bergland von Bethel, und 1 000 mit Jonathan in Gibea-Benjamin; das übrige Volk aber ließ er gehen, jeden in sein Zelt.

Und Jonathan schlug den Wachtposten der Philister, der bei Geba war, und die Philister hörten es. Saul aber ließ im ganzen Land das Schopharhorn blasen und sagen: Die Hebräer sollen es hören!

Und ganz Israel hörte sagen: Saul hat den Philisterposten geschlagen; auch hat sich Israel bei den Philistern verhasst[b] gemacht! Und das Volk wurde zusammengerufen, um Saul nach Gilgal zu folgen.

Die Philister versammelten sich aber, um gegen Israel zu kämpfen: 30 000 Streitwagen, 6 000 Reiter und Kriegsvolk [so zahlreich] wie der Sand am Ufer des Meeres; die zogen herauf und lagerten sich bei Michmas, östlich von Beth-Awen.

Als nun die Männer von Israel sahen, dass sie in Not waren — denn das Volk war bedrängt —, da versteckte sich das Volk in Höhlen und Dickichten, in Felsklüften, Gewölben und Zisternen.

Auch gingen [einige] Hebräer über den Jordan in das Land Gad und Gilead. Saul aber war noch in Gilgal; und das ganze Volk hinter ihm war verzagt.

Und er wartete sieben Tage lang, bis zu der von Samuel bestimmten Zeit, aber Samuel kam nicht nach Gilgal. Und das Volk verließ ihn und zerstreute sich.

Da sprach Saul: Bringt das Brandopfer und die Friedensopfer zu mir! Und er brachte das Brandopfer dar.

10 Und es geschah, als er gerade damit fertig war, das Brandopfer darzubringen, siehe, da kam Samuel. Da ging Saul hinaus, ihm entgegen, um ihn zu grüßen[c].

11 Samuel aber sprach: Was hast du getan? Saul antwortete: Als ich sah, dass das Volk mich verließ und sich zerstreute, und dass du nicht kamst zur bestimmten Zeit, und dass die Philister bei Michmas versammelt waren,

12 da sprach ich: Nun werden die Philister zu mir nach Gilgal herabkommen, und ich habe das Angesicht des Herrn noch nicht erbeten! Da wagte ich"s[d] und brachte das Brandopfer dar!

13 Samuel aber sprach zu Saul: Du hast töricht gehandelt! Du hast das Gebot des Herrn, deines Gottes, das er dir geboten hat, nicht gehalten! Denn sonst hätte er jetzt dein Königtum über Israel auf ewig bestätigt;

14 nun aber wird dein Königtum keinen Bestand haben. Der Herr hat sich einen Mann nach seinem Herzen ausgesucht; dem hat der Herr geboten, über sein Volk Fürst zu sein, weil du nicht gehalten hast, was dir der Herr gebot!

15 Und Samuel machte sich auf und ging von Gilgal hinauf nach Gibea-Benjamin. Saul aber musterte das Volk, das [noch] bei ihm war, etwa 600 Mann.

16 Und Saul und sein Sohn Jonathan und das Volk, das noch bei ihm war, lagen in Gibea-Benjamin; die Philister aber hatten sich bei Michmas gelagert.

17 Und der Verheerungszug zog in drei Abteilungen aus dem Lager der Philister aus; die eine Abteilung nahm den Weg nach Ophra, nach dem Gebiet von Schual hin;

18 die andere Abteilung aber nahm den Weg nach Beth-Horon, und die dritte den Weg zu dem Gebiet, das über das Tal Zeboim hinweg zur Wüste hinunterblickt.

19 Aber im ganzen Land Israel war kein Schmied zu finden, denn die Philister hatten gesagt: Damit sich die Hebräer nicht Schwerter und Speere machen!

20 So musste ganz Israel zu den Philistern hinabgehen, wenn jemand seine Pflugschar, seinen Spaten, sein Beil oder seine Sichel zu schärfen hatte,

21 wenn die Schneiden an den Pflugscharen, an den Spaten und den Gabeln und den Beilen abgestumpft waren, und um die Ochsenstachel gerade zu richten.

22 Und so kam es, dass am Tag der Schlacht weder Schwert noch Speer zu finden war in der Hand des ganzen Volkes, das mit Saul und Jonathan war; [nur] für Saul und seinen Sohn Jonathan war etwas vorhanden.

23 Und ein Vorposten der Philister rückte bis zum Pass von Michmas vor.

Footnotes

  1. (13,1) So in Anlehnung an Schlachter 1905 und die reformatorischen Übersetzungen; diese Stelle lautet w. Saul war der Sohn eines Jahres in seinem Königsein, und er regierte zwei Jahre über Israel … Nach der hier gegebenen Deutung war Gilgal der regelmäßige Sammelplatz für das Kriegsvolk (vgl. Jos 10,6-15), und die Anweisung Samuels in 1Sam 10,8 galt auch für die spätere Versammlung in Gilgal, von der V. 4-14 berichtet.
  2. (13,4) w. stinkend.
  3. (13,10) w. zu segnen.
  4. (13,12) w. Da machte ich mich stark.

13 Saul reigned one year; and when he had reigned two years over Israel,

Saul chose him three thousand men of Israel; whereof two thousand were with Saul in Michmash and in mount Bethel, and a thousand were with Jonathan in Gibeah of Benjamin: and the rest of the people he sent every man to his tent.

And Jonathan smote the garrison of the Philistines that was in Geba, and the Philistines heard of it. And Saul blew the trumpet throughout all the land, saying, Let the Hebrews hear.

And all Israel heard say that Saul had smitten a garrison of the Philistines, and that Israel also was had in abomination with the Philistines. And the people were called together after Saul to Gilgal.

And the Philistines gathered themselves together to fight with Israel, thirty thousand chariots, and six thousand horsemen, and people as the sand which is on the sea shore in multitude: and they came up, and pitched in Michmash, eastward from Bethaven.

When the men of Israel saw that they were in a strait, (for the people were distressed,) then the people did hide themselves in caves, and in thickets, and in rocks, and in high places, and in pits.

And some of the Hebrews went over Jordan to the land of Gad and Gilead. As for Saul, he was yet in Gilgal, and all the people followed him trembling.

And he tarried seven days, according to the set time that Samuel had appointed: but Samuel came not to Gilgal; and the people were scattered from him.

And Saul said, Bring hither a burnt offering to me, and peace offerings. And he offered the burnt offering.

10 And it came to pass, that as soon as he had made an end of offering the burnt offering, behold, Samuel came; and Saul went out to meet him, that he might salute him.

11 And Samuel said, What hast thou done? And Saul said, Because I saw that the people were scattered from me, and that thou camest not within the days appointed, and that the Philistines gathered themselves together at Michmash;

12 Therefore said I, The Philistines will come down now upon me to Gilgal, and I have not made supplication unto the Lord: I forced myself therefore, and offered a burnt offering.

13 And Samuel said to Saul, Thou hast done foolishly: thou hast not kept the commandment of the Lord thy God, which he commanded thee: for now would the Lord have established thy kingdom upon Israel for ever.

14 But now thy kingdom shall not continue: the Lord hath sought him a man after his own heart, and the Lord hath commanded him to be captain over his people, because thou hast not kept that which the Lord commanded thee.

15 And Samuel arose, and gat him up from Gilgal unto Gibeah of Benjamin. And Saul numbered the people that were present with him, about six hundred men.

16 And Saul, and Jonathan his son, and the people that were present with them, abode in Gibeah of Benjamin: but the Philistines encamped in Michmash.

17 And the spoilers came out of the camp of the Philistines in three companies: one company turned unto the way that leadeth to Ophrah, unto the land of Shual:

18 And another company turned the way to Bethhoron: and another company turned to the way of the border that looketh to the valley of Zeboim toward the wilderness.

19 Now there was no smith found throughout all the land of Israel: for the Philistines said, Lest the Hebrews make them swords or spears:

20 But all the Israelites went down to the Philistines, to sharpen every man his share, and his coulter, and his axe, and his mattock.

21 Yet they had a file for the mattocks, and for the coulters, and for the forks, and for the axes, and to sharpen the goads.

22 So it came to pass in the day of battle, that there was neither sword nor spear found in the hand of any of the people that were with Saul and Jonathan: but with Saul and with Jonathan his son was there found.

23 And the garrison of the Philistines went out to the passage of Michmash.

Guerra contra los filisteos

13 Había ya reinado Saúl un año; y cuando hubo reinado dos años sobre Israel, escogió luego a tres mil hombres de Israel, de los cuales estaban con Saúl dos mil en Micmas y en el monte de Bet-el, y mil estaban con Jonatán en Gabaa de Benjamín; y envió al resto del pueblo cada uno a sus tiendas. Y Jonatán atacó a la guarnición de los filisteos que había en el collado, y lo oyeron los filisteos. E hizo Saúl tocar trompeta por todo el país, diciendo: Oigan los hebreos. Y todo Israel oyó que se decía: Saúl ha atacado a la guarnición de los filisteos; y también que Israel se había hecho abominable a los filisteos. Y se juntó el pueblo en pos de Saúl en Gilgal.

Entonces los filisteos se juntaron para pelear contra Israel, treinta mil carros, seis mil hombres de a caballo, y pueblo numeroso como la arena que está a la orilla del mar; y subieron y acamparon en Micmas, al oriente de Bet-avén. Cuando los hombres de Israel vieron que estaban en estrecho (porque el pueblo estaba en aprieto), se escondieron en cuevas, en fosos, en peñascos, en rocas y en cisternas. Y algunos de los hebreos pasaron el Jordán a la tierra de Gad y de Galaad; pero Saúl permanecía aún en Gilgal, y todo el pueblo iba tras él temblando.

Y él esperó siete días, conforme al plazo que Samuel había dicho;(A) pero Samuel no venía a Gilgal, y el pueblo se le desertaba. Entonces dijo Saúl: Traedme holocausto y ofrendas de paz. Y ofreció el holocausto. 10 Y cuando él acababa de ofrecer el holocausto, he aquí Samuel que venía; y Saúl salió a recibirle, para saludarle. 11 Entonces Samuel dijo: ¿Qué has hecho? Y Saúl respondió: Porque vi que el pueblo se me desertaba, y que tú no venías dentro del plazo señalado, y que los filisteos estaban reunidos en Micmas, 12 me dije: Ahora descenderán los filisteos contra mí a Gilgal, y yo no he implorado el favor de Jehová. Me esforcé, pues, y ofrecí holocausto. 13 Entonces Samuel dijo a Saúl: Locamente has hecho; no guardaste el mandamiento de Jehová tu Dios que él te había ordenado; pues ahora Jehová hubiera confirmado tu reino sobre Israel para siempre. 14 Mas ahora tu reino no será duradero. Jehová se ha buscado un varón conforme a su corazón,(B) al cual Jehová ha designado para que sea príncipe sobre su pueblo, por cuanto tú no has guardado lo que Jehová te mandó. 15 Y levantándose Samuel, subió de Gilgal a Gabaa de Benjamín.

Y Saúl contó la gente que se hallaba con él, como seiscientos hombres. 16 Saúl, pues, y Jonatán su hijo, y el pueblo que con ellos se hallaba, se quedaron en Gabaa de Benjamín; pero los filisteos habían acampado en Micmas. 17 Y salieron merodeadores del campamento de los filisteos en tres escuadrones; un escuadrón marchaba por el camino de Ofra hacia la tierra de Sual, 18 otro escuadrón marchaba hacia Bet-horón, y el tercer escuadrón marchaba hacia la región que mira al valle de Zeboim, hacia el desierto.

19 Y en toda la tierra de Israel no se hallaba herrero; porque los filisteos habían dicho: Para que los hebreos no hagan espada o lanza. 20 Por lo cual todos los de Israel tenían que descender a los filisteos para afilar cada uno la reja de su arado, su azadón, su hacha o su hoz. 21 Y el precio era un pim por las rejas de arado y por los azadones, y la tercera parte de un siclo por afilar las hachas y por componer las aguijadas. 22 Así aconteció que en el día de la batalla no se halló espada ni lanza en mano de ninguno del pueblo que estaba con Saúl y con Jonatán, excepto Saúl y Jonatán su hijo, que las tenían. 23 Y la guarnición de los filisteos avanzó hasta el paso de Micmas.

Saul’s Unlawful Sacrifice

13 Saul [a]reigned one year; and when he had reigned two years over Israel, Saul chose for himself three thousand men of Israel. Two thousand were with Saul in (A)Michmash and in the mountains of Bethel, and a thousand were with (B)Jonathan in (C)Gibeah of Benjamin. The rest of the people he sent away, every man to his tent.

And Jonathan attacked (D)the garrison of the Philistines that was in (E)Geba, and the Philistines heard of it. Then Saul blew the trumpet throughout all the land, saying, “Let the Hebrews hear!” Now all Israel heard it said that Saul had attacked a garrison of the Philistines, and that Israel had also become [b]an abomination to the Philistines. And the people were called together to Saul at Gilgal.

Then the Philistines gathered together to fight with Israel, [c]thirty thousand chariots and six thousand horsemen, and people (F)as the sand which is on the seashore in multitude. And they came up and encamped in Michmash, to the east of (G)Beth Aven. When the men of Israel saw that they were in danger (for the people were distressed), then the people (H)hid in caves, in thickets, in rocks, in holes, and in pits. And some of the Hebrews crossed over the Jordan to the (I)land of Gad and Gilead.

As for Saul, he was still in Gilgal, and all the people followed him trembling. (J)Then he waited seven days, according to the time set by Samuel. But Samuel did not come to Gilgal; and the people were scattered from him. So Saul said, “Bring a burnt offering and peace offerings here to me.” And he offered the burnt offering. 10 Now it happened, as soon as he had finished presenting the burnt offering, that Samuel came; and Saul went out to meet him, that he might [d]greet him.

11 And Samuel said, “What have you done?”

Saul said, “When I saw that the people were scattered from me, and that you did not come within the days appointed, and that the Philistines gathered together at Michmash, 12 then I said, ‘The Philistines will now come down on me at Gilgal, and I have not made supplication to the Lord.’ Therefore I felt compelled, and offered a burnt offering.”

13 And Samuel said to Saul, (K)“You have done foolishly. (L)You have not kept the commandment of the Lord your God, which He commanded you. For now the Lord would have established your kingdom over Israel forever. 14 (M)But now your kingdom shall not continue. (N)The Lord has sought for Himself a man (O)after His own heart, and the Lord has commanded him to be commander over His people, because you have (P)not kept what the Lord commanded you.”

15 Then Samuel arose and went up from Gilgal to Gibeah of [e]Benjamin. And Saul numbered the people present with him, (Q)about six hundred men.

No Weapons for the Army

16 Saul, Jonathan his son, and the people present with them remained in [f]Gibeah of Benjamin. But the Philistines encamped in Michmash. 17 Then raiders came out of the camp of the Philistines in three companies. One company turned onto the road to (R)Ophrah, to the land of Shual, 18 another company turned to the road to (S)Beth Horon, and another company turned to the road of the border that overlooks the Valley of (T)Zeboim toward the wilderness.

19 Now (U)there was no blacksmith to be found throughout all the land of Israel, for the Philistines said, “Lest the Hebrews make swords or spears.” 20 But all the Israelites would go down to the Philistines to sharpen each man’s plowshare, his mattock, his ax, and his sickle; 21 and the charge for a sharpening was a [g]pim for the plowshares, the mattocks, the forks, and the axes, and to set the points of the goads. 22 So it came about, on the day of battle, that (V)there was neither sword nor spear found in the hand of any of the people who were with Saul and Jonathan. But they were found with Saul and Jonathan his son.

23 (W)And the garrison of the Philistines went out to the pass of Michmash.

Footnotes

  1. 1 Samuel 13:1 Heb. is difficult; cf. 2 Sam. 5:4; 2 Kin. 14:2; see also 2 Sam. 2:10; Acts 13:21
  2. 1 Samuel 13:4 odious
  3. 1 Samuel 13:5 So with MT, LXX, Tg., Vg.; Syr. and some mss. of LXX three thousand
  4. 1 Samuel 13:10 Lit. bless him
  5. 1 Samuel 13:15 So with MT, Tg.; LXX, Vg. add And the rest of the people went up after Saul to meet the people who fought against them, going from Gilgal to Gibeah in the hill of Benjamin.
  6. 1 Samuel 13:16 Heb. Geba
  7. 1 Samuel 13:21 About two-thirds shekel weight

Samuel Rebukes Saul

13 Saul was thirty[a] years old when he became king, and he reigned over Israel forty-[b] two years.

Saul chose three thousand men from Israel; two thousand(A) were with him at Mikmash(B) and in the hill country of Bethel, and a thousand were with Jonathan at Gibeah(C) in Benjamin. The rest of the men he sent back to their homes.

Jonathan attacked the Philistine outpost(D) at Geba,(E) and the Philistines heard about it. Then Saul had the trumpet(F) blown throughout the land and said, “Let the Hebrews hear!” So all Israel heard the news: “Saul has attacked the Philistine outpost, and now Israel has become obnoxious(G) to the Philistines.” And the people were summoned to join Saul at Gilgal.

The Philistines assembled(H) to fight Israel, with three thousand[c] chariots, six thousand charioteers, and soldiers as numerous as the sand(I) on the seashore. They went up and camped at Mikmash,(J) east of Beth Aven.(K) When the Israelites saw that their situation was critical and that their army was hard pressed, they hid(L) in caves and thickets, among the rocks, and in pits and cisterns.(M) Some Hebrews even crossed the Jordan to the land of Gad(N) and Gilead.

Saul remained at Gilgal, and all the troops with him were quaking(O) with fear. He waited seven(P) days, the time set by Samuel; but Samuel did not come to Gilgal, and Saul’s men began to scatter. So he said, “Bring me the burnt offering and the fellowship offerings.” And Saul offered(Q) up the burnt offering. 10 Just as he finished making the offering, Samuel(R) arrived, and Saul went out to greet(S) him.

11 “What have you done?” asked Samuel.

Saul replied, “When I saw that the men were scattering, and that you did not come at the set time, and that the Philistines were assembling at Mikmash,(T) 12 I thought, ‘Now the Philistines will come down against me at Gilgal,(U) and I have not sought the Lord’s favor.(V)’ So I felt compelled to offer the burnt offering.”

13 “You have done a foolish thing,(W)” Samuel said. “You have not kept(X) the command the Lord your God gave you; if you had, he would have established your kingdom over Israel for all time.(Y) 14 But now your kingdom(Z) will not endure; the Lord has sought out a man after his own heart(AA) and appointed(AB) him ruler(AC) of his people, because you have not kept(AD) the Lord’s command.”

15 Then Samuel left Gilgal[d] and went up to Gibeah(AE) in Benjamin, and Saul counted the men who were with him. They numbered about six hundred.(AF)

Israel Without Weapons

16 Saul and his son Jonathan and the men with them were staying in Gibeah[e](AG) in Benjamin, while the Philistines camped at Mikmash. 17 Raiding(AH) parties went out from the Philistine camp in three detachments. One turned toward Ophrah(AI) in the vicinity of Shual, 18 another toward Beth Horon,(AJ) and the third toward the borderland overlooking the Valley of Zeboyim(AK) facing the wilderness.

19 Not a blacksmith(AL) could be found in the whole land of Israel, because the Philistines had said, “Otherwise the Hebrews will make swords or spears!(AM) 20 So all Israel went down to the Philistines to have their plow points, mattocks, axes and sickles[f] sharpened. 21 The price was two-thirds of a shekel[g] for sharpening plow points and mattocks, and a third of a shekel[h] for sharpening forks and axes and for repointing goads.

22 So on the day of the battle not a soldier with Saul and Jonathan(AN) had a sword or spear(AO) in his hand; only Saul and his son Jonathan had them.

Jonathan Attacks the Philistines

23 Now a detachment of Philistines had gone out to the pass(AP) at Mikmash.(AQ)

Footnotes

  1. 1 Samuel 13:1 A few late manuscripts of the Septuagint; Hebrew does not have thirty.
  2. 1 Samuel 13:1 Probable reading of the original Hebrew text (see Acts 13:21); Masoretic Text does not have forty-.
  3. 1 Samuel 13:5 Some Septuagint manuscripts and Syriac; Hebrew thirty thousand
  4. 1 Samuel 13:15 Hebrew; Septuagint Gilgal and went his way; the rest of the people went after Saul to meet the army, and they went out of Gilgal
  5. 1 Samuel 13:16 Two Hebrew manuscripts; most Hebrew manuscripts Geba, a variant of Gibeah
  6. 1 Samuel 13:20 Septuagint; Hebrew plow points
  7. 1 Samuel 13:21 That is, about 1/4 ounce or about 8 grams
  8. 1 Samuel 13:21 That is, about 1/8 ounce or about 4 grams