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Salomón y su imperio (2 Cr 9,26)

Salomón era soberano de todos los reinos desde el Éufrates hasta el país filisteo y la frontera de Egipto: todos le pagaban tributo y fueron sus vasallos durante toda su vida. La provisión diaria de víveres de Salomón era de unas seis toneladas y media de flor de harina y unas trece toneladas de harina; diez reses cebadas, veinte de pasto y cien corderos, además de ciervos, gacelas, corzos y aves de corral. Salomón dominaba en toda la región occidental del Éufrates, desde Tifsaj hasta Gaza, y sobre todos los reyes al oeste del Éufrates, viviendo en paz con todos los territorios fronterizos. Mientras vivió Salomón, Judá e Israel, desde Dan hasta Berseba, vivieron tranquilos, cada cual a la sombra de su parra y su higuera. Salomón también tenía cuadras para cuarenta mil caballos de tiro y doce mil de montar. Los gobernadores antedichos abastecían, cada uno en su mes, al rey Salomón y a todos sus comensales, sin dejar que les faltase de nada. También hacían llegar por turnos al lugar donde estuviera el rey, cebada y paja para los caballos de tiro y de montar.

Sabiduría y fama de Salomón

Dios concedió a Salomón una sabiduría y una inteligencia excepcionales y un corazón tan dilatado como las playas marinas. 10 La sabiduría de Salomón superó a la de todos los orientales y a toda la sabiduría de Egipto. 11 Llegó a ser más sabio que nadie, más que Etán, el indígena, y más que Hemán, Calcol y Dardá, los hijos de Majol; su fama se extendió por todas las naciones vecinas. 12 Salomón inventó tres mil proverbios y compuso cinco mil canciones. 13 Estudió las plantas, desde el cedro del Líbano hasta el musgo que brota en las tapias; y estudió también los animales, las aves, los reptiles y los peces. 14 La gente venía a escuchar la sabiduría de Salomón desde todos los pueblos, y de parte de todos los reyes de la tierra que oían hablar de ella.

Las construcciones de Salomón (5,15—9,28)

Tratado con Jirán de Tiro (2 Cr 2,2.11.17)

15 Jirán, rey de Tiro, se enteró de que Salomón había sucedido a su padre como rey y le envió embajadores, pues Jirán había sido amigo de David durante toda su vida. 16 Salomón, por su parte, mandó decir a Jirán:

17 — Tú sabes que mi padre David no pudo construir un Templo en honor del Señor, su Dios, a causa de las guerras en que se vio envuelto, hasta que el Señor, su Dios, sometió totalmente a sus enemigos. 18 Ahora, en cambio, el Señor, mi Dios, ha puesto paz en mis fronteras y no tengo enemigos ni graves amenazas. 19 Por eso, he decidido construir un Templo en honor del Señor, mi Dios, cumpliendo lo que dijo el Señor a mi padre David: “Tu hijo, al que haré tu sucesor en el trono, será quien construya un Templo en mi honor”. 20 Ordena, pues, que me corten cedros del Líbano. Mis servidores ayudarán a los tuyos y yo te pagaré el salario que me pidas por ellos, pues ya sabes que nosotros no tenemos taladores tan expertos como los sidonios.

21 Cuando Jirán escuchó el mensaje de Salomón, se alegró mucho y exclamó:

— ¡Bendito sea el Señor, que le ha dado a David un hijo sabio para gobernar a tan gran pueblo!

22 Luego Jirán mandó decir a Salomón:

— He recibido tu petición. Yo te prepararé toda la madera de cedro y de pino que quieras. 23 Mis servidores la bajarán desde el Líbano hasta el mar y haré que la transporten en almadías por el mar al lugar que me indiques. Allí desatarán las almadías y luego los tuyos se encargarán de acarrearla. Tú, por tu parte, me corresponderás, abasteciendo mi palacio de alimentos.

24 Jirán dio a Salomón toda la madera de cedro y de pino que quiso 25 y Salomón, por su parte, entregó a Jirán unas cuatro mil quinientas toneladas de trigo para alimento de su palacio y noventa hectólitros de aceite puro de oliva. Esto era lo que Salomón pagaba anualmente a Jirán. 26 El Señor, pues, concedió sabiduría a Salomón, tal como le había prometido. Jirán y Salomón vivieron en paz y firmaron un tratado.

Trabajos preparatorios

27 Salomón decretó un reclutamiento de trabajo obligatorio por todo Israel: reclutó a treinta mil hombres 28 y los envió al Líbano en turnos de diez mil por mes. Así, pasaban un mes en el Líbano y dos meses en casa. Adonirán estaba al mando del trabajo obligatorio. 29 Salomón tenía, además, setenta mil acarreadores y ochenta mil canteros en la montaña, 30 sin contar los tres mil trescientos capataces que tenía en las obras para supervisar a los trabajadores. 31 El rey mandó extraer bloques de piedra de buena calidad para cimentar el Templo con piedras labradas. 32 Los constructores de Salomón, los de Jirán y los guebalitas tallaron la piedra y prepararon la madera y la piedra para construir el Templo.

Wood and stone for the temple

[a] Because King Hiram[b] of Tyre was loyal to David throughout his rule, Hiram sent his servants to Solomon when he heard that Solomon had become king after his father. Solomon sent the following message to Hiram: “You know that my father David wasn’t able to build a temple for the name of the Lord my God. This was because of the enemies that fought him on all sides until the Lord put them under the soles of his feet. Now the Lord my God has given me peace on every side, without enemies or misfortune. So I’m planning to build a temple for the name of the Lord my God, just as the Lord indicated to my father David, ‘I will give you a son to follow you on your throne. He will build the temple for my name.’ Now give the order and have the cedars of Lebanon cut down for me. My servants will work with your servants. I’ll pay your servants whatever price you set, because you know we have no one here who is skilled in cutting wood like the Sidonians.”

Hiram was thrilled when he heard Solomon’s message. He said, “Today the Lord is blessed because he has given David a wise son who is in charge of this great people.” Hiram sent word back to Solomon: “I have heard your message to me. I will do as you wish with the cedar and pinewood. My servants will bring the wood down the Lebanon Mountains to the sea. I’ll make rafts out of them and float them on the sea to the place you specify. There I’ll dismantle them, and you can carry them away. Now, as for what you must do for me in return, I ask you to provide for my royal house.”

10 So Hiram gave Solomon all the cedar and pinewood that he wanted. 11 In return, Solomon gave an annual gift to Hiram of twenty thousand kors[c] of wheat to eat, and twenty thousand kors of pure oil for his palace use. 12 Now the Lord made Solomon wise, just as he had promised. Solomon and Hiram made a covenant and had peace.

13 King Solomon called up a work gang of thirty thousand workers from all over Israel. 14 He sent ten thousand to work in Lebanon each month. Then they would spend two months at home. Adoniram was in charge of the work gang. 15 Solomon had 70,000 laborers and 80,000 stonecutters in the highlands. 16 This doesn’t include Solomon’s 3,300 supervisors in charge of the work, who had oversight over the laborers. 17 At the king’s command, they quarried huge stones of the finest quality in order to lay the temple’s foundation with carefully cut stone. 18 The craftsmen of Solomon and Hiram, along with those of Byblos, prepared the timber and the stones for the construction of the temple.

Footnotes

  1. 1 Kings 5:1 5:15 in Heb
  2. 1 Kings 5:1 Chronicles spells the king’s name Huram; for example, 2 Chron 2:3, 11-12; but cf 1 Chron 14:1 Kethib.
  3. 1 Kings 5:11 One kor is possibly equal to fifty gallons.

Preparations for Building the Temple

[a] Now (A)Hiram king of Tyre sent his servants to Solomon when he heard that they had anointed him king in place of his father, (B)for Hiram always loved David. And Solomon sent word to Hiram, (C)“You know that David my father could not build a house for the name of the Lord his God (D)because of the warfare with which his enemies surrounded him, until the Lord put them under the soles of his feet. (E)But now the Lord my God has given me rest on every side. There is neither adversary nor misfortune. And so I intend to build a house for the name of the Lord my God, (F)as the Lord said to David my father, ‘Your son, whom I will set on your throne in your place, shall build the house for my name.’ Now therefore command that cedars of Lebanon be cut for me. And my servants will join your servants, and I will pay you for your servants such wages as you set, for you know that there is no one among us who knows how to cut timber like the Sidonians.”

As soon as Hiram heard the words of Solomon, he rejoiced greatly and said, “Blessed be the Lord this day, who has given to David a wise son to be over this great people.” And Hiram sent to Solomon, saying, “I have heard the message that you have sent to me. I am ready to do all you desire in the matter of cedar and cypress timber. My servants shall bring it down to the sea from Lebanon, and I will make it into rafts to go by sea to the place you direct. And I will have them broken up there, and you shall receive it. And you shall meet my wishes (G)by providing food for my household.” 10 So Hiram supplied Solomon with all the timber of cedar and cypress that he desired, 11 while Solomon gave Hiram 20,000 cors[b] of wheat as food for his household, and 20,000[c] cors of beaten oil. Solomon gave this to Hiram year by year. 12 And the Lord gave Solomon wisdom, (H)as he promised him. And there was peace between Hiram and Solomon, and the two of them made a treaty.

13 King Solomon drafted (I)forced labor out of all Israel, and the draft numbered 30,000 men. 14 And he sent them to Lebanon, 10,000 a month in shifts. They would be a month in Lebanon and two months at home. (J)Adoniram was in charge of the draft. 15 Solomon also (K)had 70,000 burden-bearers and 80,000 stonecutters in the hill country, 16 besides Solomon's 3,300 (L)chief officers who were over the work, (M)who had charge of the people who carried on the work. 17 At the king's command (N)they quarried out great, costly stones in order to lay the foundation of the house with dressed stones. 18 So Solomon's builders and Hiram's builders and (O)the men of Gebal did the cutting and prepared the timber and the stone to build the house.

Footnotes

  1. 1 Kings 5:1 Ch 5:15 in Hebrew
  2. 1 Kings 5:11 A cor was about 6 bushels or 220 liters
  3. 1 Kings 5:11 Septuagint; Hebrew twenty

Preparations for Building the Temple(A)

[a]When Hiram(B) king of Tyre heard that Solomon had been anointed king to succeed his father David, he sent his envoys to Solomon, because he had always been on friendly terms with David. Solomon sent back this message to Hiram:

“You know that because of the wars(C) waged against my father David from all sides, he could not build(D) a temple for the Name of the Lord his God until the Lord put his enemies under his feet.(E) But now the Lord my God has given me rest(F) on every side, and there is no adversary(G) or disaster. I intend, therefore, to build a temple(H) for the Name of the Lord my God, as the Lord told my father David, when he said, ‘Your son whom I will put on the throne in your place will build the temple for my Name.’(I)

“So give orders that cedars(J) of Lebanon be cut for me. My men will work with yours, and I will pay you for your men whatever wages you set. You know that we have no one so skilled in felling timber as the Sidonians.”

When Hiram heard Solomon’s message, he was greatly pleased and said, “Praise be to the Lord(K) today, for he has given David a wise son to rule over this great nation.”

So Hiram sent word to Solomon:

“I have received the message you sent me and will do all you want in providing the cedar and juniper logs. My men will haul them down from Lebanon to the Mediterranean Sea(L), and I will float them as rafts by sea to the place you specify. There I will separate them and you can take them away. And you are to grant my wish by providing food(M) for my royal household.”

10 In this way Hiram kept Solomon supplied with all the cedar and juniper logs he wanted, 11 and Solomon gave Hiram twenty thousand cors[b] of wheat as food(N) for his household, in addition to twenty thousand baths[c][d] of pressed olive oil. Solomon continued to do this for Hiram year after year. 12 The Lord gave Solomon wisdom,(O) just as he had promised him. There were peaceful relations between Hiram and Solomon, and the two of them made a treaty.(P)

13 King Solomon conscripted laborers(Q) from all Israel—thirty thousand men. 14 He sent them off to Lebanon in shifts of ten thousand a month, so that they spent one month in Lebanon and two months at home. Adoniram(R) was in charge of the forced labor. 15 Solomon had seventy thousand carriers and eighty thousand stonecutters in the hills, 16 as well as thirty-three hundred[e] foremen(S) who supervised the project and directed the workers. 17 At the king’s command they removed from the quarry(T) large blocks of high-grade stone(U) to provide a foundation of dressed stone for the temple. 18 The craftsmen of Solomon and Hiram(V) and workers from Byblos(W) cut and prepared the timber and stone for the building of the temple.

Footnotes

  1. 1 Kings 5:1 In Hebrew texts 5:1-18 is numbered 5:15-32.
  2. 1 Kings 5:11 That is, probably about 3,600 tons or about 3,250 metric tons
  3. 1 Kings 5:11 Septuagint (see also 2 Chron. 2:10); Hebrew twenty cors
  4. 1 Kings 5:11 That is, about 120,000 gallons or about 440,000 liters
  5. 1 Kings 5:16 Hebrew; some Septuagint manuscripts (see also 2 Chron. 2:2,18) thirty-six hundred

And Hiram king of Tyre sent his servants unto Solomon; for he had heard that they had anointed him king in the room of his father: for Hiram was ever a lover of David.

And Solomon sent to Hiram, saying,

Thou knowest how that David my father could not build an house unto the name of the Lord his God for the wars which were about him on every side, until the Lord put them under the soles of his feet.

But now the Lord my God hath given me rest on every side, so that there is neither adversary nor evil occurrent.

And, behold, I purpose to build an house unto the name of the Lord my God, as the Lord spake unto David my father, saying, Thy son, whom I will set upon thy throne in thy room, he shall build an house unto my name.

Now therefore command thou that they hew me cedar trees out of Lebanon; and my servants shall be with thy servants: and unto thee will I give hire for thy servants according to all that thou shalt appoint: for thou knowest that there is not among us any that can skill to hew timber like unto the Sidonians.

And it came to pass, when Hiram heard the words of Solomon, that he rejoiced greatly, and said, Blessed be the Lord this day, which hath given unto David a wise son over this great people.

And Hiram sent to Solomon, saying, I have considered the things which thou sentest to me for: and I will do all thy desire concerning timber of cedar, and concerning timber of fir.

My servants shall bring them down from Lebanon unto the sea: and I will convey them by sea in floats unto the place that thou shalt appoint me, and will cause them to be discharged there, and thou shalt receive them: and thou shalt accomplish my desire, in giving food for my household.

10 So Hiram gave Solomon cedar trees and fir trees according to all his desire.

11 And Solomon gave Hiram twenty thousand measures of wheat for food to his household, and twenty measures of pure oil: thus gave Solomon to Hiram year by year.

12 And the Lord gave Solomon wisdom, as he promised him: and there was peace between Hiram and Solomon; and they two made a league together.

13 And king Solomon raised a levy out of all Israel; and the levy was thirty thousand men.

14 And he sent them to Lebanon, ten thousand a month by courses: a month they were in Lebanon, and two months at home: and Adoniram was over the levy.

15 And Solomon had threescore and ten thousand that bare burdens, and fourscore thousand hewers in the mountains;

16 Beside the chief of Solomon's officers which were over the work, three thousand and three hundred, which ruled over the people that wrought in the work.

17 And the king commanded, and they brought great stones, costly stones, and hewed stones, to lay the foundation of the house.

18 And Solomon's builders and Hiram's builders did hew them, and the stonesquarers: so they prepared timber and stones to build the house.