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Solomon prepares to build the temple

Hiram was the king of Tyre.[a] He heard that Solomon had become king of Israel after his father David. Hiram had always been a friend of King David, so he sent his men to say ‘hello’ to Solomon. Solomon then sent this message to Hiram:

‘You know that my father David could not build a temple for the Lord his God. This was because he had to fight battles against enemies that were all around Israel. He did that until the Lord helped him to win against all of them. But now the Lord my God has made us safe from danger. No enemy tries to attack us on any of our borders. So I have decided to build a temple to give honour to the Lord my God.[b] The Lord said to my father David, “I will put your son on your throne to rule as king after you. He will build a temple for people to give honour to my name.” So please tell your men to cut down cedar trees in Lebanon for me. We ourselves do not have people who know how to cut wood from trees as well as your men from Sidon. So our men will help your men with the work. And I will pay your workers whatever you decide is right.’[c]

Hiram was very happy when he received Solomon's message. He said, ‘Praise the Lord today, because he gave David a wise son to rule over the great nation, Israel.’ Then Hiram sent this message to Solomon:

‘I have received the message that you sent to me. I will give you the wood that you have asked for. I will send you cedar wood and pine wood, as much as you need. My men will take the trees from the hills of Lebanon down to the sea. Then we will tie several trees together like a boat. We will take them on the sea to the place where you want them. There we will undo the ropes so that your men can carry the trees away. You will pay me with enough food to feed the people of my palace.’

10 So Hiram supplied Solomon with all the cedar trees and pine trees that Solomon asked for. 11 Then Solomon supplied Hiram with 2,000 tons of wheat as food for the people in his palace. He also supplied 450,000 litres of olive oil. Solomon sent this every year to Hiram.

12 The Lord gave wisdom to Solomon, as he had promised to do. King Hiram and King Solomon made an agreement that their nations would not fight against each other. So there was peace between them.

13 King Solomon commanded 30,000 men from everywhere in Israel to do the work. 14 He sent them to Lebanon in groups of 10,000 men each month. They worked in Lebanon for one month, then they lived at home for two months. Adoniram was the officer who had authority over them. 15 Solomon also had 80,000 men to cut stones in the hills. He had 70,000 men to carry the stones to Jerusalem. 16 He also had 3,300 officers who told the workers what they should do. 17 The king commanded the workers to cut large pieces of stone from the rocks. They cut the best stones into the right shape to build the foundation of the temple. 18 Solomon's men and Hiram's men worked together with men from Gebal.[d] They cut the stones and the wood and they prepared them to build the temple.

Footnotes

  1. 5:1 Tyre was a city on the coast of Lebanon. Sidon was another big city in Lebanon.
  2. 5:5 The temple was God's special house in Jerusalem. Until this time there had only been a special tent. God did not let David build it, but now King Solomon could build it. See 1 Chronicles 22:8-9; 2 Samuel 7:12-13.
  3. 5:6 Lebanon was famous because of its big cedar trees.
  4. 5:18 ‘Gebal’ or ‘Byblos’

Kong Salomon havde herredømmet over alle landene fra Eufratfloden i nord til den egyptiske grænse mod syd,[a] inklusive filistrenes land. De lande, han havde underlagt sig, betalte skat til ham og var loyale over for ham hele hans liv.

Hoffets daglige fødevareforbrug bestod af 30 sække[b] fint hvedemel, 60 sække usigtet mel, ti stykker fedekvæg, 20 stykker græskvæg, 100 stykker småkvæg og fra tid til anden hjorte, gazeller, rådyr og fede gæs. Salomon regerede over en række vasalstater fra Tifsa ved Eufratfloden mod nord til Gaza mod syd, og han havde fred til alle sider. Så længe Salomon levede, havde Israels befolkning fred lige fra Dan i nord til Be’ersheba i syd, og alle kunne i ro og mag dyrke deres figentræer og vinplanter.

Salomon havde 4000[c] heste til at trække sine stridsvogne og 12.000 rideheste til sine ryttere. Hver måned sørgede distriktsguvernørerne for mad til Salomon og hans hof samt for byg og hø til hestene i de kongelige stalde.

Gud gav Salomon usædvanlig visdom og indsigt og en omfattende viden på mange felter— 10 ja, i visdom overgik han langt Østens og Egyptens vismænd. 11 Selv Etan fra Zerachs slægt kunne ikke måle sig med ham—og langt mindre Mahols sønner Heman, Kalkol og Darda. Hans berømmelse nåede langt ud over rigets grænser til de omkringliggende nationer. 12 Han forfattede 3000 ordsprog og skrev 1005 sange. 13 Han havde en bred viden om pattedyr, fugle, krybdyr og fisk, og han vidste alt om planter lige fra Libanons store cedre til den lille ysop, der vokser i sprækker i muren. 14 Konger fra mange lande sendte deres folk til ham for at få råd og vejledning.

Tempelbyggeriet forberedes

15 Kong Hiram af Tyrus var en god ven af David. Da han hørte, at Davids søn Salomon var blevet konge i Israel, sendte han en delegation af sted med lykønskninger. 16 Salomon sendte følgende brev med tilbage til kong Hiram: 17 „Du ved, hvordan David blev angrebet fra alle sider af nabolandene, så han ikke var i stand til at bygge det hus, som han ønskede at bygge for Herren, sin Gud. Men Herren hjalp ham til at besejre alle hans modstandere. 18 Nu har Herren, min Gud, skaffet mig ro. Ingen fjender truer udefra, og ingen oprører undergraver riget indefra. 19 Derfor har jeg planer om at bygge Herren, min Gud, et hus, for Herren sagde til min far: ‚Din søn, som jeg vil gøre til konge efter dig, skal bygge mit hus!’ 20 Gør mig nu den tjeneste at hjælpe mig med det projekt: Send skovarbejdere til Libanons bjerge, så de kan hugge cedertræ til mig. Jeg vil så sende folk af sted, som kan hjælpe dem. Men der er ingen, der kan hugge tømmer så godt som jer sidoniere. Jeg vil naturligvis betale dine folk, hvad du forlanger.”

21 Hiram blev så begejstret for Salomons brev, at han udbrød: „Lovet være den Gud, der har givet David sådan en vis søn til at herske over Israels mægtige folk!” 22 Derpå sendte han svar tilbage til Salomon: „Jeg har modtaget dit brev og vil gøre, hvad du bad mig om. Vi kan levere både cedertræ og cypres. 23 Mine folk skal nok sørge for transporten af tømmeret fra Libanons bjerge ud til Middelhavet, hvor de vil binde tømmeret sammen til flåder og fragte det langs kysten til det sted, du ønsker. Der vil flåderne så blive skilt ad igen, og du kan fragte tømmeret videre. Hvad betaling for tømmeret angår, bedes du sende mig fødevarer til mit hof.”

24 På den måde fik Salomon fat i alt det ceder- og cyprestræ, han havde brug for, 25 og som betaling sendte han årligt 20.000 sække hvede og 200 ankre[d] olivenolie til kong Hirams hof.

26 Herren gav Salomon stor visdom, som han havde lovet, og Hiram og Salomon indgik en formel fredsaftale.

27 Salomon udskrev 30.000 mænd fra hele Israel til træfældningsarbejdet 28 og sendte dem holdvis til Libanon—10.000 ad gangen—således at hvert hold arbejdede en måned i Libanon og havde to måneders orlov hjemme. Adoniram havde overopsyn med arbejdslejren.

29 Desuden udskrev Salomon 80.000 mænd til at hugge stenblokke i de nærliggende bjerge, 70.000 mænd til at transportere stenene, 30 og 3600[e] arbejdsformænd. 31 Stenhuggerne brød store klippeblokke løs til templets fundament. Det var et yderst kostbart projekt. 32 Salomons og Hirams folk fik hjælp af eksperter fra Gebal[f] til den videre forarbejdning af både stenblokke og tømmer.

Footnotes

  1. 5,1 Egyptens grænse lå ved den wadi, der også kaldes Egyptens Bæk, jf. 1.Mos. 15,18, 4.Mos. 34,5, Jos. 15,4.47, 2.Krøn. 9,26.
  2. 5,2 På hebraisk: 30 kor. En kor rummer ca. 220 liter (ca. 130 kg mel) og svarer til, hvad man kan læsse på et voksent hanæsel.
  3. 5,6 Egentlig 4000 krybber eller stalde til sine heste, idet hver hest havde sin egen stald med krybbe. En del hebraiske manuskripter siger fejlagtigt 40.000. Salomon havde 1400 stridsvogne med to heste til hver og nogle i reserve. Jf. 1.Kong. 10,26 og 2.Krøn. 9,25.
  4. 5,25 Septuaginta siger 20.000 bat olie, jf. 2.Krøn. 2,10. Enten er der sket en fejlkopiering i de hebraiske håndskrifter, som siger 20 kor, eller også er der tale om to forskellige ting. Det kunne være, at der her tales om det, kongen selv skulle have til sit hof, mens 2.Krøn. 2,10 kunne tale om alt, hvad der skulle bruges til at betale arbejderne. En kor er 10 bat, og en bat menes at kunne rumme ca. 22 liter. En bat er her oversat med „anker”, mens en kor er oversat med „sæk”.
  5. 5,30 Den hebraiske tekst siger 3300, mens Septuaginta siger 3600 i overensstemmelse med 2.Krøn. 2,1 og 17.
  6. 5,32 En storby ved kysten ca. 200 km nord for Tyrus. Byen er bedre kendt under navnet Byblos.

Preparations for Building the Temple(A)

[a]When Hiram(B) king of Tyre heard that Solomon had been anointed king to succeed his father David, he sent his envoys to Solomon, because he had always been on friendly terms with David. Solomon sent back this message to Hiram:

“You know that because of the wars(C) waged against my father David from all sides, he could not build(D) a temple for the Name of the Lord his God until the Lord put his enemies under his feet.(E) But now the Lord my God has given me rest(F) on every side, and there is no adversary(G) or disaster. I intend, therefore, to build a temple(H) for the Name of the Lord my God, as the Lord told my father David, when he said, ‘Your son whom I will put on the throne in your place will build the temple for my Name.’(I)

“So give orders that cedars(J) of Lebanon be cut for me. My men will work with yours, and I will pay you for your men whatever wages you set. You know that we have no one so skilled in felling timber as the Sidonians.”

When Hiram heard Solomon’s message, he was greatly pleased and said, “Praise be to the Lord(K) today, for he has given David a wise son to rule over this great nation.”

So Hiram sent word to Solomon:

“I have received the message you sent me and will do all you want in providing the cedar and juniper logs. My men will haul them down from Lebanon to the Mediterranean Sea(L), and I will float them as rafts by sea to the place you specify. There I will separate them and you can take them away. And you are to grant my wish by providing food(M) for my royal household.”

10 In this way Hiram kept Solomon supplied with all the cedar and juniper logs he wanted, 11 and Solomon gave Hiram twenty thousand cors[b] of wheat as food(N) for his household, in addition to twenty thousand baths[c][d] of pressed olive oil. Solomon continued to do this for Hiram year after year. 12 The Lord gave Solomon wisdom,(O) just as he had promised him. There were peaceful relations between Hiram and Solomon, and the two of them made a treaty.(P)

13 King Solomon conscripted laborers(Q) from all Israel—thirty thousand men. 14 He sent them off to Lebanon in shifts of ten thousand a month, so that they spent one month in Lebanon and two months at home. Adoniram(R) was in charge of the forced labor. 15 Solomon had seventy thousand carriers and eighty thousand stonecutters in the hills, 16 as well as thirty-three hundred[e] foremen(S) who supervised the project and directed the workers. 17 At the king’s command they removed from the quarry(T) large blocks of high-grade stone(U) to provide a foundation of dressed stone for the temple. 18 The craftsmen of Solomon and Hiram(V) and workers from Byblos(W) cut and prepared the timber and stone for the building of the temple.

Footnotes

  1. 1 Kings 5:1 In Hebrew texts 5:1-18 is numbered 5:15-32.
  2. 1 Kings 5:11 That is, probably about 3,600 tons or about 3,250 metric tons
  3. 1 Kings 5:11 Septuagint (see also 2 Chron. 2:10); Hebrew twenty cors
  4. 1 Kings 5:11 That is, about 120,000 gallons or about 440,000 liters
  5. 1 Kings 5:16 Hebrew; some Septuagint manuscripts (see also 2 Chron. 2:2,18) thirty-six hundred