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Chapter 21

Seizure of Naboth’s Vineyard.[a] Naboth the Jezreelite had a vineyard in Jezreel next to the palace of Ahab, king of Samaria. Some time later, Ahab said to Naboth, “Give me your vineyard to be my vegetable garden, since it is close by, next to my house. I will give you a better vineyard in exchange, or, if you prefer, I will give you its value in money.” Naboth said to Ahab, “The Lord forbid that I should give you my ancestral heritage.”[b] Ahab went home disturbed and angry at the answer Naboth the Jezreelite had given him: “I will not give you my ancestral heritage.” Lying down on his bed, he turned away and would not eat. His wife Jezebel came to him and said to him, “Why are you so sullen that you will not eat?” He answered her, “Because I spoke to Naboth the Jezreelite and said to him, ‘Sell me your vineyard, or, if you prefer, I will give you a vineyard in exchange.’ But he said, ‘I will not give you my vineyard.’” Jezebel his wife said to him, “What a king of Israel you are! Get up! Eat and be cheerful. I will give you the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite.”

So she wrote letters in Ahab’s name and, having sealed them with his seal, sent them to the elders and to the nobles who lived in the same city with Naboth. This is what she wrote in the letters: “Proclaim a fast and set Naboth at the head of the people. 10 Next, set two scoundrels opposite him to accuse him: ‘You have cursed God and king.’ Then take him out and stone him to death.”

11 His fellow citizens—the elders and the nobles who dwelt in his city—did as Jezebel had ordered in the letters she sent them. 12 They proclaimed a fast and set Naboth at the head of the people. 13 Two scoundrels came in and sat opposite Naboth, and the scoundrels accused him in the presence of the people, “Naboth has cursed God and king.” And they led him out of the city and stoned him to death. 14 Then they sent word to Jezebel: “Naboth has been stoned to death.”

15 When Jezebel learned that Naboth had been stoned to death, she said to Ahab, “Go, take possession of the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite which he refused to sell you, because Naboth is not alive, but dead.” 16 When Ahab heard that Naboth was dead, he started on his way down to the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite, to take possession of it.

Prophetic Condemnation. 17 Then the word of the Lord came to Elijah the Tishbite: 18 Go down to meet Ahab, king of Israel, who is in Samaria. He will be in the vineyard of Naboth, where he has gone to take possession. 19 (A)Tell him: “Thus says the Lord: After murdering, do you also take possession?” And tell him, “Thus says the Lord: In the place where the dogs licked up the blood of Naboth, the dogs shall lick up your blood, too.”

20 [c]Ahab said to Elijah, “Have you found me out, my enemy?” He said, “I have found you. Because you have given yourself up to doing evil in the Lord’s sight, 21 (B)I am bringing evil upon you: I will consume you and will cut off every male belonging to Ahab, whether bond or free, in Israel. 22 I will make your house like that of Jeroboam, son of Nebat, and like the house of Baasha, son of Ahijah, because you have provoked me by leading Israel into sin.”

23 Against Jezebel, too, the Lord declared: The dogs shall devour Jezebel in the confines of Jezreel.

24 Anyone of Ahab’s line who dies in the city,
    dogs will devour;
Anyone who dies in the field,
    the birds of the sky will devour.

25 Indeed, no one gave himself up to the doing of evil in the sight of the Lord as did Ahab, urged on by his wife Jezebel. 26 He became completely abominable by going after idols, just as the Amorites had done, whom the Lord drove out of the Israelites’ way.

27 When Ahab heard these words, he tore his garments and put on sackcloth over his bare flesh. He fasted, slept in the sackcloth, and went about subdued. 28 Then the word of the Lord came to Elijah the Tishbite, 29 (C)Have you seen how Ahab has humbled himself before me? Since he has humbled himself before me, I will not bring the evil in his time. I will bring the evil upon his house in his son’s time.

Footnotes

  1. 21:1–16 The story tells how Jezebel manipulates important structures of Israelite social order, law, and religious observance to eliminate a faithful Israelite landowner who frustrates Ahab’s will.
  2. 21:3 Heritage: Hebrew naḥalah. Naboth is unwilling to sell or exchange his vineyard. According to the Israelite system of land tenure and distribution, land was held in common within a social unit. The ancestral naḥalah was not private property, to be alienated at will.
  3. 21:20–26 In these verses the narrator uses against the third Israelite dynasty the same condemnation formula that was uttered against the first two dynasties, those of Jeroboam (14:9–11) and Baasha (16:2–4). Part of the formula is put in Elijah’s mouth, in an oracle against Ahab and his descendants (vv. 21–22), and part of it in an aside to the reader that extends the condemnation to Ahab’s wife, Jezebel, and his whole household (vv. 23–24). The oracle against Jezebel will be fulfilled in 2 Kgs 9:36; the obliteration of the dynasty will be recounted in the bloody stories of 2 Kgs 9–11.

Le meurtre de Naboth

21 Quelque temps après ces événements, voici ce qui arriva : Naboth, un habitant de Jizréel, possédait une vigne à Jizréel, près du palais d’Achab, roi de Samarie[a]. Achab fit à Naboth la proposition suivante : Cède-moi ta vigne. Je voudrais en faire un jardin potager, car elle est juste à côté de mon palais. Je te donnerai en échange une vigne meilleure ou, si tu préfères, je t’en paierai la valeur en argent.

Mais Naboth répondit à Achab : Que l’Eternel me garde de te céder la propriété héritée de mes ancêtres[b] !

Achab rentra chez lui, maussade et abattu, parce que Naboth de Jizréel lui avait dit qu’il ne lui céderait pas la propriété héritée de ses ancêtres. Il se jeta sur son lit, tourna le visage contre le mur et refusa de manger.

Sa femme Jézabel vint le trouver et lui demanda : Pourquoi es-tu de si mauvaise humeur et refuses-tu de manger ?

Il lui répondit : J’ai parlé à Naboth de Jizréel et je lui ai proposé de lui acheter sa vigne ou, s’il préférait, de l’échanger contre une autre. Mais il a répondu : « Je ne te céderai pas ma vigne ! »

Alors sa femme Jézabel lui dit : Est-ce toi qui exerces la royauté sur Israël ? Allons ! Lève-toi, mange et réjouis-toi : la vigne de Naboth de Jizréel, je vais te la donner.

Elle écrivit des lettres au nom d’Achab, les scella du sceau royal et les fit porter aux responsables et aux magistrats de la ville où demeurait Naboth. Dans ces lettres, elle leur ordonnait : « Proclamez un jour de jeûne. Installez Naboth au premier rang de l’assemblée 10 et faites asseoir en face de lui deux vauriens qui l’accuseront d’avoir maudit Dieu et le roi ! Puis menez-le en dehors de la ville et lapidez-le pour le faire mourir[c]. »

11 Les gens de la ville de Naboth, les responsables et les magistrats, concitoyens de Naboth, obéirent à l’ordre de Jézabel et firent ce qu’elle demandait dans les lettres qu’elle leur avait envoyées. 12 Ils proclamèrent un jeûne et firent asseoir Naboth au premier rang de l’assemblée. 13 Les deux vauriens vinrent se placer en face de lui et se mirent à l’accuser devant tout le monde en disant : Naboth a maudit Dieu et le roi !

Alors on le fit sortir de la ville et on le lapida et il mourut. 14 Puis les autorités de la ville envoyèrent dire à Jézabel : Naboth a été lapidé ; il est mort.

15 Lorsque Jézabel apprit que Naboth avait été lapidé et qu’il était mort, elle dit à Achab : Lève-toi, va prendre possession de la vigne de Naboth de Jizréel qui a refusé de te la vendre, car Naboth n’est plus en vie ; il est mort.

16 Lorsqu’il entendit que Naboth était mort, Achab se mit en route pour se rendre à la vigne de Naboth de Jizréel afin d’en prendre possession.

Elie annonce le châtiment

17 Alors l’Eternel adressa la parole à Elie de Tishbé en ces termes : 18 Mets-toi en route, va trouver Achab, le roi d’Israël, qui vit à Samarie. En ce moment, il se trouve dans la vigne de Naboth où il est allé pour en prendre possession. 19 Tu lui parleras en ces termes : « Voici ce que déclare l’Eternel : Quoi ? Après avoir assassiné l’homme, tu prétends prendre possession de ses biens ! » Tu ajouteras : « Voici ce que déclare l’Eternel : A l’endroit même où les chiens ont léché le sang de Naboth, ils lécheront aussi le tien. »

20 En voyant Elie, Achab s’écria : Ah ! Te voilà, mon ennemi ! Tu m’as donc retrouvé !

Elie répondit : Oui, je t’ai retrouvé parce que tu t’es vendu toi-même au mal en faisant ce qui déplaît à l’Eternel. 21 Eh bien, voici ce qu’il déclare : « Je vais te frapper d’un grand malheur : je te balaierai de la surface de la terre, toi et ta descendance, je retrancherai d’Israël tous les hommes de ta famille, qu’ils soient esclaves ou hommes libres. 22 Je traiterai ta famille comme celle de Jéroboam, fils de Nebath, et celle de Baésha, fils d’Ahiya, parce que tu m’as irrité et que tu as entraîné Israël dans le péché. » 23 L’Eternel annonce aussi quelque chose concernant Jézabel : les chiens la dévoreront près du rempart de Jizréel[d]. 24 Tout membre de ta famille, Achab, qui mourra dans la ville sera mangé par les chiens, et celui qui mourra dans la campagne sera déchiqueté par les rapaces.

25 En vérité, personne ne s’était jamais vendu au mal autant qu’Achab en faisant ce que l’Eternel considère comme mal. C’est que sa femme Jézabel l’y poussait. 26 Il agit de façon abominable en adoptant le culte des idoles, tout comme les Amoréens que l’Eternel avait dépossédés en faveur des Israélites[e].

Achab s’humilie

27 Après avoir entendu les paroles d’Elie, Achab déchira ses vêtements en signe d’humiliation, il revêtit un habit de toile de sac à même la peau et refusa de manger ; la nuit, il dormait dans ce vêtement ; et le jour, il se traînait à pas lents. 28 Alors l’Eternel adressa de nouveau la parole à Elie de Tishbé. Il lui dit : 29 As-tu vu comment Achab s’est humilié devant moi ? Puisqu’il s’est humilié ainsi, je ne ferai pas venir le malheur pendant sa vie, mais c’est durant le règne de son fils que j’amènerai la catastrophe sur sa famille[f].

Footnotes

  1. 21.1 Samarie est la capitale du royaume du Nord, elle représente tout le royaume. Achab possédait un palais à Jizréel (comparer 18.45-46).
  2. 21.3 Voir Lv 25.23.
  3. 21.10 Voir Lv 24.10-16.
  4. 21.23 Voir 2 R 9.36.
  5. 21.26 Le terme d’Amoréens désigne tous les peuples habitant le pays alloué à Israël avant l’arrivée des Israélites (voir Gn 15.16 ; Ex 23.23 ; Dt 1.7).
  6. 21.29 Voir 2 R 10.1-11.

拿伯的葡萄園

21 這些事以後,又有一事。耶斯列拿伯耶斯列有一個葡萄園,靠近撒瑪利亞亞哈王的宮。 亞哈拿伯說:「把你的葡萄園給我作菜園,因為它靠近我的宮,我就把更好的葡萄園換給你。你若要銀子,我就按着價錢給你。」 拿伯亞哈說:「耶和華不准我把我祖先留下的產業給你。」 亞哈耶斯列拿伯說「我不把我祖先留下的產業給你」,就生氣,憂悶地回宮,躺在床上,臉轉向內,也不吃飯。

耶洗別王后來對他說:「你為甚麼心裏這樣生氣,不吃飯呢?」 他對王后說:「我向耶斯列拿伯說:『把你的葡萄園按價錢賣給我,或是你願意,我可以把別的葡萄園換給你。』他卻說:『我不把我的葡萄園給你。』」 耶洗別王后對王說:「你現在是不是治理以色列國呢?只管起來,心裏暢暢快快地吃飯,我會把耶斯列拿伯的葡萄園給你。」

於是王后以亞哈的名義寫信,蓋上王的印,把信送給那些與拿伯同城居住的長老和貴族。 她在信上寫着說:「你們當宣告禁食,叫拿伯坐在百姓的高位上, 10 又叫兩個無賴坐在拿伯對面,作證告他說:『你詛咒了 神和王。』然後把他拉出去用石頭打死。」 11 那些與拿伯同城居住的長老和貴族,照耶洗別送給他們的信去做。正如她送的信上所寫, 12 他們宣告禁食,叫拿伯坐在百姓的高位上。 13 有兩個無賴來,坐在拿伯對面。無賴當着百姓作證告他說:「拿伯詛咒 神和王了!」眾人就把他拉到城外,用石頭打他,他就死了。 14 於是他們派人到耶洗別那裏,說:「拿伯被石頭打死了。」

15 耶洗別聽見拿伯被石頭打死,就對亞哈說:「你起來,去取得耶斯列拿伯不肯出價賣給你的葡萄園吧!因為拿伯不在了,他已經死了。」 16 亞哈聽見拿伯死了,就起來,下去要取得耶斯列拿伯的葡萄園。

17 耶和華的話臨到提斯比以利亞,說: 18 「你起來,去見在撒瑪利亞以色列亞哈。看哪,他下去要取得拿伯的葡萄園,他正在那園裏。 19 你要對他說:『耶和華如此說:你殺了人,還要取得他的產業嗎?』又要對他說:『耶和華如此說:狗在何處舔拿伯的血,狗也必在何處舔你的血。』」

20 亞哈以利亞說:「我的仇敵啊,你找到我了嗎?」他說:「我找到你了。因為你出賣自己,行了耶和華眼中看為惡的事。 21 耶和華說:『看哪,我必使災禍臨到你,把你除滅。以色列中凡屬亞哈的男丁,無論是奴役的、自由的,我都要剪除。 22 我必使你的家像尼八的兒子耶羅波安的家,又像亞希雅的兒子巴沙的家,因為你惹我發怒,又使以色列陷入罪裏。』 23 論到耶洗別,耶和華說:『狗必在耶斯列的城郭[a]耶洗別 24 凡屬亞哈的人,死在城中的必被狗吃,死在田野的必被空中的鳥吃。』」

25 (只是從來沒有像亞哈的,因他受耶洗別王后的唆使,出賣自己,行了耶和華眼中看為惡的事。 26 他行了最可憎的事,隨從偶像,正如耶和華在以色列人面前趕出的亞摩利人所行的一切。)

27 亞哈聽見這些話,就撕裂衣服,禁食,貼身穿着麻布,也睡在麻布上,沮喪地走來走去。 28 耶和華的話臨到提斯比以利亞,說: 29 亞哈在我面前這樣謙卑,你看見了嗎?因為他在我面前謙卑,所以在他的日子,我不降這禍;到他兒子的時候,我必降這禍於他的家。」

Footnotes

  1. 21.23 「城郭」:有些古卷和古譯本是「田間」。

21 And it came to pass after these things, that Naboth the Jezreelite had a vineyard, which was in Jezreel, hard by the palace of Ahab king of Samaria.

And Ahab spake unto Naboth, saying, Give me thy vineyard, that I may have it for a garden of herbs, because it is near unto my house: and I will give thee for it a better vineyard than it; or, if it seem good to thee, I will give thee the worth of it in money.

And Naboth said to Ahab, The Lord forbid it me, that I should give the inheritance of my fathers unto thee.

And Ahab came into his house heavy and displeased because of the word which Naboth the Jezreelite had spoken to him: for he had said, I will not give thee the inheritance of my fathers. And he laid him down upon his bed, and turned away his face, and would eat no bread.

But Jezebel his wife came to him, and said unto him, Why is thy spirit so sad, that thou eatest no bread?

And he said unto her, Because I spake unto Naboth the Jezreelite, and said unto him, Give me thy vineyard for money; or else, if it please thee, I will give thee another vineyard for it: and he answered, I will not give thee my vineyard.

And Jezebel his wife said unto him, Dost thou now govern the kingdom of Israel? arise, and eat bread, and let thine heart be merry: I will give thee the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite.

So she wrote letters in Ahab's name, and sealed them with his seal, and sent the letters unto the elders and to the nobles that were in his city, dwelling with Naboth.

And she wrote in the letters, saying, Proclaim a fast, and set Naboth on high among the people:

10 And set two men, sons of Belial, before him, to bear witness against him, saying, Thou didst blaspheme God and the king. And then carry him out, and stone him, that he may die.

11 And the men of his city, even the elders and the nobles who were the inhabitants in his city, did as Jezebel had sent unto them, and as it was written in the letters which she had sent unto them.

12 They proclaimed a fast, and set Naboth on high among the people.

13 And there came in two men, children of Belial, and sat before him: and the men of Belial witnessed against him, even against Naboth, in the presence of the people, saying, Naboth did blaspheme God and the king. Then they carried him forth out of the city, and stoned him with stones, that he died.

14 Then they sent to Jezebel, saying, Naboth is stoned, and is dead.

15 And it came to pass, when Jezebel heard that Naboth was stoned, and was dead, that Jezebel said to Ahab, Arise, take possession of the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite, which he refused to give thee for money: for Naboth is not alive, but dead.

16 And it came to pass, when Ahab heard that Naboth was dead, that Ahab rose up to go down to the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite, to take possession of it.

17 And the word of the Lord came to Elijah the Tishbite, saying,

18 Arise, go down to meet Ahab king of Israel, which is in Samaria: behold, he is in the vineyard of Naboth, whither he is gone down to possess it.

19 And thou shalt speak unto him, saying, Thus saith the Lord, Hast thou killed, and also taken possession? And thou shalt speak unto him, saying, Thus saith the Lord, In the place where dogs licked the blood of Naboth shall dogs lick thy blood, even thine.

20 And Ahab said to Elijah, Hast thou found me, O mine enemy? And he answered, I have found thee: because thou hast sold thyself to work evil in the sight of the Lord.

21 Behold, I will bring evil upon thee, and will take away thy posterity, and will cut off from Ahab him that pisseth against the wall, and him that is shut up and left in Israel,

22 And will make thine house like the house of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, and like the house of Baasha the son of Ahijah, for the provocation wherewith thou hast provoked me to anger, and made Israel to sin.

23 And of Jezebel also spake the Lord, saying, The dogs shall eat Jezebel by the wall of Jezreel.

24 Him that dieth of Ahab in the city the dogs shall eat; and him that dieth in the field shall the fowls of the air eat.

25 But there was none like unto Ahab, which did sell himself to work wickedness in the sight of the Lord, whom Jezebel his wife stirred up.

26 And he did very abominably in following idols, according to all things as did the Amorites, whom the Lord cast out before the children of Israel.

27 And it came to pass, when Ahab heard those words, that he rent his clothes, and put sackcloth upon his flesh, and fasted, and lay in sackcloth, and went softly.

28 And the word of the Lord came to Elijah the Tishbite, saying,

29 Seest thou how Ahab humbleth himself before me? because he humbleth himself before me, I will not bring the evil in his days: but in his son's days will I bring the evil upon his house.