1 Kings 18
New American Bible (Revised Edition)
Chapter 18
Elijah Ends the Drought.[a] 1 Long afterward, in the third year, the word of the Lord came to Elijah: Go, present yourself to Ahab, that I may send rain upon the earth. 2 So Elijah went to present himself to Ahab.
Now the famine in Samaria was severe, 3 and Ahab had summoned Obadiah, master of his palace, who greatly revered the Lord. 4 When Jezebel was slaughtering the prophets of the Lord, Obadiah took a hundred prophets, hid them away by fifties in caves, and supplied them with food and water. 5 Ahab said to Obadiah, “Go through the land to all sources of water and to all the wadies. We may find grass and keep the horses and mules alive, so that we shall not have to slaughter any of the beasts.” 6 Dividing the land to explore between them, Ahab went one way by himself, Obadiah another way by himself. 7 As Obadiah was on his way, Elijah met him. Recognizing him, Obadiah fell prostrate and asked, “Is it you, my lord Elijah?” 8 He said to him, “Yes. Go tell your lord, ‘Elijah is here!’”[b] 9 But Obadiah said, “What sin has your servant committed, that you are handing me over to Ahab to be killed? 10 As the Lord, your God, lives, there is no nation or kingdom where my lord has not sent in search of you. When they replied, ‘He is not here,’ he made each kingdom and nation swear they could not find you. 11 And now you say, ‘Go tell your lord: Elijah is here!’ 12 After I leave you, the spirit of the Lord will carry you to some place I do not know, and when I go to inform Ahab and he does not find you, he will kill me—though your servant has revered the Lord from his youth! 13 Have you not been told, my lord, what I did when Jezebel was murdering the prophets of the Lord—that I hid a hundred of the prophets of the Lord, fifty each in caves, and supplied them with food and water? 14 And now you say, ‘Go tell your lord: Elijah is here!’ He will kill me!” 15 Elijah answered, “As the Lord of hosts lives, whom I serve, I will present myself to him today.”
16 So Obadiah went to meet Ahab and informed him, and Ahab came to meet Elijah. 17 When Ahab saw Elijah, he said to him, “Is it you, you disturber of Israel?” 18 He answered, “It is not I who disturb Israel, but you and your father’s house, by forsaking the commands of the Lord and you by following the Baals. 19 Now summon all Israel to me on Mount Carmel, as well as the four hundred and fifty prophets of Baal and the four hundred prophets of Asherah who eat at Jezebel’s table.” 20 So Ahab summoned all the Israelites and had the prophets gather on Mount Carmel.
21 Elijah approached all the people and said, “How long will you straddle the issue? If the Lord is God, follow him; if Baal, follow him.” But the people did not answer him. 22 So Elijah said to the people, “I am the only remaining prophet of the Lord, and there are four hundred and fifty prophets of Baal. 23 Give us two young bulls. Let them choose one, cut it into pieces, and place it on the wood, but start no fire. I shall prepare the other and place it on the wood, but shall start no fire. 24 You shall call upon the name of your gods, and I will call upon the name of the Lord. The God who answers with fire is God.” All the people answered, “We agree!”
25 Elijah then said to the prophets of Baal, “Choose one young bull and prepare it first, for there are more of you. Call upon your gods, but do not start the fire.” 26 Taking the young bull that was turned over to them, they prepared it and called upon Baal from morning to noon, saying, “Baal, answer us!” But there was no sound, and no one answering. And they hopped around the altar they had prepared. 27 When it was noon, Elijah taunted them: “Call louder, for he is a god; he may be busy doing his business, or may be on a journey. Perhaps he is asleep and must be awakened.” 28 They called out louder and slashed themselves with swords and spears according to their ritual until blood gushed over them. 29 Noon passed and they remained in a prophetic state until the time for offering sacrifice. But there was no sound, no one answering, no one listening.
30 Then Elijah said to all the people, “Come here to me.” When they drew near to him, he repaired the altar of the Lord which had been destroyed. 31 He took twelve stones, for the number of tribes of the sons of Jacob, to whom the Lord had said: Israel shall be your name. 32 He built the stones into an altar to the name of the Lord, and made a trench around the altar large enough for two measures of grain. 33 When he had arranged the wood, he cut up the young bull and laid it on the wood. 34 He said, “Fill four jars with water and pour it over the burnt offering and over the wood.” “Do it again,” he said, and they did it again. “Do it a third time,” he said, and they did it a third time. 35 The water flowed around the altar; even the trench was filled with the water. 36 At the time for offering sacrifice, Elijah the prophet came forward and said, “Lord, God of Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, let it be known this day that you are God in Israel and that I am your servant and have done all these things at your command. 37 (A)Answer me, Lord! Answer me, that this people may know that you, Lord, are God and that you have turned their hearts back to you.” 38 The Lord’s fire came down and devoured the burnt offering, wood, stones, and dust, and lapped up the water in the trench. 39 Seeing this, all the people fell prostrate and said, “The Lord is God! The Lord is God!” 40 (B)Then Elijah said to them, “Seize the prophets of Baal. Let none of them escape!” They seized them, and Elijah brought them down to the Wadi Kishon and there he slaughtered them. 41 Elijah then said to Ahab, “Go up, eat and drink, for there is the sound of a heavy rain.” 42 So Ahab went up to eat and drink, while Elijah went up to the top of Carmel, crouched down to the earth, and put his head between his knees. 43 He said to his servant, “Go up and look out to sea.” He went up and looked, but reported, “There is nothing.” Seven times he said, “Go look again!” 44 And the seventh time the youth reported, “There is a cloud as small as a man’s hand rising from the sea.” Elijah said, “Go and say to Ahab, ‘Harness up and go down the mountain before the rain stops you.’” 45 All at once the sky grew dark with clouds and wind, and a heavy rain fell. Ahab mounted his chariot and headed for Jezreel. 46 But the hand of the Lord was on Elijah. He girded up his clothing and ran before Ahab as far as the approaches to Jezreel.
Footnotes
- 18:1–45 The story of the conflict with the prophets of Baal (vv. 21–40) is embedded in the story of the drought and its ending (vv. 1–20, 41–45). The connection between the two stories is found in Canaanite theology, in whose pantheon Baal, “the Cloud Rider,” the god of rain and storm, was recognized as the one who brings fertility. Worship of many gods was virtually universal in the ancient world; the Israelite requirement of exclusive worship of the Lord (Ex 20:3) was unique. The people of Israel had apparently become comfortable worshiping both Baal and the Lord, perhaps assigning mutually exclusive spheres of influence to each. By claiming authority over the rain (17:1; 18:1), the Lord was challenging Baal’s power in Baal’s own domain. The entire drought story in chaps. 17–18 implies what becomes explicit in 18:21–40: this is a struggle between the Lord and Baal for the loyalties of the people of Israel.
- 18:8 Elijah is here: the Hebrew hinneh ‘eliyahu involves a pun. The sentence means both “Elijah is here,” informing Ahab that the prophet has been found, and “Behold, Yhwh is my God” (the meaning of the name “Elijah”).
1 Rois 18
La Bible du Semeur
Elie va trouver Achab
18 Bien des jours s’écoulèrent. Au cours de la troisième année de sécheresse, l’Eternel adressa la parole à Elie en ces termes : Va trouver Achab, et je ferai pleuvoir sur ce pays.
2 Elie partit afin de rencontrer Achab.
Comme la famine s’était aggravée à Samarie, 3 Achab avait convoqué Abdias, l’intendant de son palais. Celui-ci craignait l’Eternel : 4 lorsque la reine Jézabel avait voulu exterminer tous les prophètes de l’Eternel, Abdias avait sauvé cent d’entre eux en les cachant en deux groupes de cinquante dans des grottes et en leur procurant à manger et à boire. 5 Achab avait ordonné à Abdias : Va, parcours le pays à la recherche de toute source d’eau et de tout fond de torrent ; peut-être découvrirons-nous assez d’herbe pour maintenir en vie nos chevaux et nos mulets sans être obligés d’abattre une partie de notre bétail.
6 Ils se répartirent le pays à parcourir. Achab partit seul de son côté, et Abdias prit une autre direction.
7 Alors qu’Abdias était en chemin, Elie arriva à sa rencontre. Abdias le reconnut et s’inclina face contre terre devant lui en demandant : Est-ce bien toi, mon seigneur Elie ?
8 – C’est moi-même, lui répondit-il. Va dire à ton maître que j’arrive.
9 – Oh ! répliqua Abdias, par quel péché ai-je mérité que tu me fasses mettre à mort par la main d’Achab ? 10 Aussi vrai que l’Eternel est vivant, je t’assure qu’il n’y a pas un peuple ni un royaume où mon maître ne t’ait pas fait chercher ; et quand les représentants de ces pays disaient que tu n’étais pas chez eux, il les faisait jurer qu’on ne t’avait pas trouvé. 11 Et maintenant, tu me demandes d’aller annoncer à mon seigneur que tu arrives. 12 Mais, à peine t’aurai-je quitté que l’Esprit de l’Eternel te transportera je ne sais où ; moi, j’irai t’annoncer à Achab, mais il ne te trouvera plus et c’est moi qu’il tuera. Pourtant, rappelle-toi que ton serviteur craint l’Eternel depuis sa jeunesse. 13 Mon seigneur, n’as-tu pas appris ce que j’ai fait quand Jézabel massacrait les prophètes de l’Eternel ? J’en ai caché cent en deux groupes de cinquante dans des grottes et je leur ai fourni à manger et à boire. 14 Et c’est moi que tu envoies maintenant à mon seigneur pour lui annoncer que tu viens. Mais il va me tuer !
15 Elie lui dit : Aussi vrai que l’Eternel, le Seigneur des armées célestes, au service duquel je me tiens, est vivant, je t’assure que je me présenterai aujourd’hui même devant Achab.
16 Abdias courut donc rejoindre Achab et lui annonça la chose. Alors Achab vint à la rencontre d’Elie. 17 Lorsqu’il l’aperçut, il lui cria : Te voilà, toi qui sèmes le malheur en Israël !
18 Elie lui répondit : Ce n’est pas moi qui sème le malheur en Israël, mais c’est toi et la famille de ton père, puisque vous avez refusé d’obéir aux commandements de l’Eternel, et que tu t’es rallié au culte des dieux Baals. 19 Maintenant, convoque tout Israël en ma présence sur le mont Carmel[a]. Tu y rassembleras aussi les quatre cent cinquante prophètes de Baal et les quatre cents prophètes de la déesse Ashéra qui sont tous entretenus par la reine Jézabel.
La confrontation entre Elie et les prophètes de Baal
20 Achab envoya des messagers à tous les Israélites et il rassembla les prophètes sur le mont Carmel. 21 Alors Elie s’avança devant tout le peuple et s’écria : Combien de temps encore sauterez-vous des deux côtés ? Si l’Eternel est le vrai Dieu, suivez-le. Si c’est Baal, alors ralliez-vous à lui !
Mais le peuple ne lui répondit pas un mot.
22 Elie poursuivit : Je suis le seul prophète de l’Eternel qui reste et il y a quatre cent cinquante prophètes de Baal. 23 Qu’on nous amène deux taureaux ; qu’ils choisissent pour eux l’un d’eux, qu’ils le découpent et qu’ils en disposent les morceaux sur le bois, mais sans y allumer de feu. Je ferai de même avec l’autre taureau : je le placerai sur le bois et je n’y mettrai pas le feu. 24 Puis vous invoquerez votre dieu, et moi j’invoquerai l’Eternel. Le dieu qui répondra en faisant descendre le feu, c’est celui-là qui est Dieu[b].
Tout le peuple répondit : D’accord ! C’est bien !
25 Elie se tourna vers les prophètes de Baal et leur dit : Choisissez pour vous l’un des taureaux et préparez-le les premiers, car vous êtes les plus nombreux ; puis invoquez votre dieu, mais ne mettez pas le feu au bois.
26 On leur donna le taureau et ils le prirent et le préparèrent. Puis ils invoquèrent Baal, du matin jusqu’à midi, en répétant : O Baal, réponds-nous !
Mais il n’y eut ni voix ni réponse. Ils sautaient autour de l’autel qu’ils avaient dressé.
27 Vers midi, Elie se moqua d’eux et leur dit : Criez plus fort ! Puisqu’il est dieu, il doit être plongé dans ses réflexions, ou il a dû s’absenter, ou bien il est en voyage ! Ou peut-être dort-il et faut-il le réveiller.
28 Les prophètes crièrent à tue-tête et se firent, selon leur coutume, des incisions dans la peau à coups d’épées et de lances jusqu’à ce que le sang ruisselle sur leur corps. 29 L’heure de midi était passée et ils demeurèrent encore dans un état d’exaltation jusqu’au moment de l’offrande du soir. Mais il n’y eut ni voix, ni réponse, ni aucune réaction.
30 Alors Elie ordonna à tout le peuple : Approchez-vous de moi !
Tout le peuple avança vers lui. Elie rétablit l’autel de l’Eternel qui avait été démoli. 31 A cet effet, il prit douze pierres, une pour chacune des tribus des descendants de Jacob, à qui l’Eternel avait déclaré : « Tu t’appelleras Israël[c]. » 32 Il rebâtit avec ces pierres un autel dédié à l’Eternel. Autour, il creusa une rigole capable de contenir une trentaine de litres. 33 Puis il disposa des bûches de bois sur l’autel, dépeça le taureau, plaça les morceaux de viande sur le bois 34 et ordonna : Remplissez quatre cruches d’eau et répandez-la sur l’holocauste et sur le bois.
On fit ainsi.
– Faites-le encore une fois, ordonna-t-il.
Ils le firent.
– Une troisième fois !
Et ils le firent une troisième fois. 35 L’eau se répandit autour de l’autel et remplit la rigole.
36 A l’heure habituelle de l’offrande du soir, le prophète Elie s’approcha de l’autel et pria : Eternel, Dieu d’Abraham, d’Isaac et d’Israël, que l’on sache aujourd’hui que c’est toi qui es Dieu en Israël, que je suis ton serviteur et que j’ai fait tout cela sur ton ordre ! 37 Réponds-moi, Eternel, réponds-moi, afin que ce peuple sache que c’est toi, Eternel, qui es le vrai Dieu, et que c’est toi qui veux ramener leurs cœurs à toi comme autrefois.
38 Le feu de l’Eternel tomba du ciel, et consuma l’holocauste, le bois, les pierres et la terre, et il réduisit en vapeur l’eau de la rigole. 39 Quand le peuple vit cela, tous tombèrent le visage contre terre en s’écriant : C’est l’Eternel qui est Dieu ! C’est l’Eternel qui est Dieu !
40 Elie leur ordonna : Saisissez les prophètes de Baal, qu’aucun d’eux ne s’échappe !
Ils se saisirent d’eux. Elie les fit descendre dans le ravin du Qishôn[d] pour les y égorger.
La fin de la sécheresse
41 Ensuite, Elie dit à Achab : Allez, va manger et boire, car j’entends le grondement qui annonce l’averse.
42 Achab alla manger et boire, tandis qu’Elie montait vers le sommet du mont Carmel où il se prosterna jusqu’à terre, le visage entre les genoux[e]. 43 Il dit à son jeune serviteur : Monte plus haut et regarde du côté de la mer[f].
Celui-ci monta, scruta l’horizon et revint dire : Je ne vois rien.
Elie l’envoya sept fois pour regarder. 44 A la septième fois, le serviteur annonça : Je vois venir un petit nuage qui s’élève de la mer, il n’est pas plus grand que la main d’un homme.
Alors Elie lui ordonna : Va dire à Achab : « Dépêche-toi d’atteler ton char et de rentrer chez toi, sinon la pluie te bloquera[g]. »
45 Déjà, de tous côtés, le ciel s’obscurcissait d’épais nuages poussés par un vent de tempête. Soudain, une pluie torrentielle se mit à tomber. Achab monta sur son char et partit pour Jizréel[h]. 46 Rempli de force par l’Eternel, Elie serra sa ceinture autour des reins et courut devant le char du roi Achab jusqu’à l’entrée de Jizréel[i].
Footnotes
- 18.19 Montagne proche de la Phénicie, dominant actuellement la ville moderne de Haïfa. Lieu de culte des religions qui se sont succédé sur le territoire israélite.
- 18.24 Baal était la désignation la plus répandue du dieu de l’orage chez les Sémites de Syrie et de Canaan à partir du IIIe millénaire av. J.-C.
- 18.31 Voir Gn 32.29 ; 35.10.
- 18.40 Torrent qui coule à l’est du mont Carmel (Jg 4.7, 13 ; 5.21).
- 18.42 Voir v. 42-45 : allusion en Jc 5.18.
- 18.43 Du sommet du Carmel, on domine la Méditerranée.
- 18.44 Les premières pluies d’automne, très violentes, peuvent empêcher toute circulation.
- 18.45 Ville dans la plaine du même nom qui sépare la Galilée de la Samarie. Achab y avait une résidence (21.1).
- 18.46 Vingt-sept kilomètres séparaient le Carmel de Jizréel.
1 Kings 18
New King James Version
Elijah’s Message to Ahab
18 And it came to pass after (A)many days that the word of the Lord came to Elijah, in the third year, saying, “Go, present yourself to Ahab, and (B)I will send rain on the earth.”
2 So Elijah went to present himself to Ahab; and there was a severe famine in Samaria. 3 And Ahab had called Obadiah, who was [a]in charge of his house. (Now Obadiah feared the Lord greatly. 4 For so it was, while Jezebel [b]massacred the prophets of the Lord, that Obadiah had taken one hundred prophets and hidden them, fifty to a cave, and had fed them with bread and water.) 5 And Ahab had said to Obadiah, “Go into the land to all the springs of water and to all the brooks; perhaps we may find grass to keep the horses and mules alive, so that we will not have to kill any livestock.” 6 So they divided the land between them to explore it; Ahab went one way by himself, and Obadiah went another way by himself.
7 Now as Obadiah was on his way, suddenly Elijah met him; and he (C)recognized him, and fell on his face, and said, “Is that you, my lord Elijah?”
8 And he answered him, “It is I. Go, tell your master, ‘Elijah is here.’ ”
9 So he said, “How have I sinned, that you are delivering your servant into the hand of Ahab, to kill me? 10 As the Lord your God lives, there is no nation or kingdom where my master has not sent someone to hunt for you; and when they said, ‘He is not here,’ he took an oath from the kingdom or nation that they could not find you. 11 And now you say, ‘Go, tell your master, “Elijah is here” ’! 12 And it shall come to pass, as soon as I am gone from you, that (D)the Spirit of the Lord will carry you to a place I do not know; so when I go and tell Ahab, and he cannot find you, he will kill me. But I your servant have feared the Lord from my youth. 13 Was it not reported to my lord what I did when Jezebel killed the prophets of the Lord, how I hid one hundred men of the Lord’s prophets, fifty to a cave, and fed them with bread and water? 14 And now you say, ‘Go, tell your master, “Elijah is here.” ’ He will kill me!”
15 Then Elijah said, “As the Lord of hosts lives, before whom I stand, I will surely present myself to him today.”
16 So Obadiah went to meet Ahab, and told him; and Ahab went to meet Elijah.
17 Then it happened, when Ahab saw Elijah, that Ahab said to him, (E)“Is that you, O (F)troubler of Israel?”
18 And he answered, “I have not troubled Israel, but you and your father’s house have, (G)in that you have forsaken the commandments of the Lord and have followed the Baals. 19 Now therefore, send and gather all Israel to me on (H)Mount Carmel, the four hundred and fifty prophets of Baal, (I)and the four hundred prophets of [c]Asherah, who [d]eat at Jezebel’s table.”
Elijah’s Mount Carmel Victory
20 So Ahab sent for all the children of Israel, and (J)gathered the prophets together on Mount Carmel. 21 And Elijah came to all the people, and said, (K)“How long will you falter between two opinions? If the Lord is God, follow Him; but if Baal, (L)follow him.” But the people answered him not a word. 22 Then Elijah said to the people, (M)“I alone am left a prophet of the Lord; (N)but Baal’s prophets are four hundred and fifty men. 23 Therefore let them give us two bulls; and let them choose one bull for themselves, cut it in pieces, and lay it on the wood, but put no fire under it; and I will prepare the other bull, and lay it on the wood, but put no fire under it. 24 Then you call on the name of your gods, and I will call on the name of the Lord; and the God who (O)answers by fire, He is God.”
So all the people answered and said, [e]“It is well spoken.”
25 Now Elijah said to the prophets of Baal, “Choose one bull for yourselves and prepare it first, for you are many; and call on the name of your god, but put no fire under it.”
26 So they took the bull which was given them, and they prepared it, and called on the name of Baal from morning even till noon, saying, “O Baal, [f]hear us!” But there was (P)no voice; no one answered. Then they [g]leaped about the altar which they had made.
27 And so it was, at noon, that Elijah mocked them and said, “Cry [h]aloud, for he is a god; either he is meditating, or he is busy, or he is on a journey, or perhaps he is sleeping and must be awakened.” 28 So they cried aloud, and (Q)cut themselves, as was their custom, with [i]knives and lances, until the blood gushed out on them. 29 And when midday was past, (R)they prophesied until the time of the offering of the evening sacrifice. But there was (S)no voice; no one answered, no one paid attention.
30 Then Elijah said to all the people, “Come near to me.” So all the people came near to him. (T)And he repaired the altar of the Lord that was broken down. 31 And Elijah took twelve stones, according to the number of the tribes of the sons of Jacob, to whom the word of the Lord had come, saying, (U)“Israel shall be your name.” 32 Then with the stones he built an altar (V)in the name of the Lord; and he made a trench around the altar large enough to hold two seahs of seed. 33 And he (W)put the wood in order, cut the bull in pieces, and laid it on the wood, and said, “Fill four waterpots with water, and (X)pour it on the burnt sacrifice and on the wood.” 34 Then he said, “Do it a second time,” and they did it a second time; and he said, “Do it a third time,” and they did it a third time. 35 So the water ran all around the altar; and he also filled (Y)the trench with water.
36 And it came to pass, at the time of the offering of the evening sacrifice, that Elijah the prophet came near and said, “Lord (Z)God of Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, (AA)let it be known this day that You are God in Israel and I am Your servant, and that (AB)I have done all these things at Your word. 37 Hear me, O Lord, hear me, that this people may know that You are the Lord God, and that You have turned their hearts back to You again.”
38 Then (AC)the fire of the Lord fell and consumed the burnt sacrifice, and the wood and the stones and the dust, and it licked up the water that was in the trench. 39 Now when all the people saw it, they fell on their faces; and they said, (AD)“The Lord, He is God! The Lord, He is God!”
40 And Elijah said to them, (AE)“Seize the prophets of Baal! Do not let one of them escape!” So they seized them; and Elijah brought them down to the Brook (AF)Kishon and (AG)executed them there.
The Drought Ends
41 Then Elijah said to Ahab, “Go up, eat and drink; for there is the sound of abundance of rain.” 42 So Ahab went up to eat and drink. And Elijah went up to the top of Carmel; (AH)then he bowed down on the ground, and put his face between his knees, 43 and said to his servant, “Go up now, look toward the sea.”
So he went up and looked, and said, “There is nothing.” And seven times he said, “Go again.”
44 Then it came to pass the seventh time, that he said, “There is a cloud, as small as a man’s hand, rising out of the sea!” So he said, “Go up, say to Ahab, [j]‘Prepare your chariot, and go down before the rain stops you.’ ”
45 Now it happened in the meantime that the sky became black with clouds and wind, and there was a heavy rain. So Ahab rode away and went to Jezreel. 46 Then the (AI)hand of the Lord came upon Elijah; and he (AJ)girded[k] up his loins and ran ahead of Ahab to the entrance of Jezreel.
Footnotes
- 1 Kings 18:3 Lit. over the house
- 1 Kings 18:4 Lit. cut off
- 1 Kings 18:19 A Canaanite goddess
- 1 Kings 18:19 Are provided for by Jezebel
- 1 Kings 18:24 Lit. The word is good
- 1 Kings 18:26 answer
- 1 Kings 18:26 Lit. limped about, leaped in dancing around
- 1 Kings 18:27 with a loud voice
- 1 Kings 18:28 swords
- 1 Kings 18:44 Lit. Bind or Harness
- 1 Kings 18:46 Tucked the skirts of his robe in his belt in preparation for quick travel
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Scripture taken from the New King James Version®. Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
