Footnotes

1. 5.8 This reads as follows in the Vulgate: “⁷ There are three who give testimony in heaven: the Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit; and these three are one. ⁸ And there are three that give testimony on earth: the spirit, and the water, and the blood; and these three are one.” The “Three Heavenly Witnesses,” as the first sentence is called, is first found in the Latin (fourth century) and does not appear in any Greek manuscript until the fifteenth century. It is probably a marginal gloss that found its way into the text.