Le règne de David

La fin de Saül(A)

10 Les Philistins attaquèrent Israël. Les soldats israélites s’enfuirent devant eux et beaucoup d’entre eux furent tués sur le mont Guilboa[a]. Les Philistins s’acharnèrent à poursuivre Saül et ses fils et ils tuèrent Jonathan, Abinadab et Malkishoua, fils de Saül. Dès lors, tout le combat se concentra sur Saül. Les archers le découvrirent, et il en fut terrifié. Alors il ordonna à celui qui portait ses armes : Dégaine ton épée et tue-moi, pour que ces incirconcis ne viennent pas me faire subir leurs outrages.

Mais celui-ci refusa car il tremblait de peur. Alors Saül prit lui-même l’épée et se jeta dessus. Quand l’écuyer vit que Saül était mort, il se jeta lui aussi sur l’arme et mourut.

Ainsi périrent ensemble, le même jour, Saül, ses trois fils et toute sa famille. Quand tous les hommes d’Israël qui habitaient la vallée virent que l’armée était en déroute et que Saül et ses fils étaient morts, ils abandonnèrent leurs villes et prirent la fuite. Les Philistins allèrent s’y établir.

Le lendemain, les Philistins vinrent sur le champ de bataille pour détrousser les cadavres. Ils découvrirent Saül et ses fils qui étaient tombés sur le mont Guilboa. Alors ils dépouillèrent Saül de son armure, emportèrent sa tête et ses armes. Puis ils firent annoncer la nouvelle de leur triomphe à travers tout le pays des Philistins, à leurs idoles et parmi la population. 10 Ils déposèrent les armes dans le temple de leurs dieux et suspendirent son crâne dans le temple de Dagôn[b].

11 Lorsque tous les habitants de Yabesh en Galaad[c] apprirent tout ce que les Philistins avaient fait à Saül, 12 les hommes les plus vaillants se mirent en route, ils enlevèrent le corps de Saül et celui de ses fils et les ramenèrent à Yabesh. Ils enterrèrent leurs ossements[d] sous le tamaris de Yabesh, puis ils jeûnèrent pendant sept jours.

13 Saül mourut à cause de la désobéissance dont il s’était rendu coupable envers l’Eternel. Il n’avait pas respecté la parole de l’Eternel et, de plus, il avait interrogé et consulté quelqu’un qui évoque les morts[e] 14 au lieu de consulter l’Eternel. L’Eternel le fit mourir et transféra la royauté à David, fils d’Isaï.

Footnotes

  1. 10.1 Mont situé au nord-est de la Samarie, en bordure de la plaine de Jizréel, à environ 80 kilomètres de Jérusalem.
  2. 10.10 Voir note Jg 16.23.
  3. 10.11 Localité située à quelque 70 kilomètres de Jérusalem, à l’est du Jourdain (voir Jg 21.8 et note).
  4. 10.12 Après avoir incinéré les corps (voir 1 S 31.12).
  5. 10.13 Ce verset fait allusion aux épisodes rapportés en 1 S 13.8-14 ; 15.1-24 ; 28.

Saul’s Death

10 Now the Philistines fought against Israel. The Israelites fled before the Philistines and many of them fell dead on Mount Gilboa. The Philistines stayed right on the heels of[a] Saul and his sons. They[b] struck down Saul’s sons Jonathan, Abinadab, and Malki-Shua. The battle was thick[c] around Saul; the archers spotted him and wounded him.[d] Saul told his armor-bearer, “Draw your sword and stab me with it. Otherwise these uncircumcised people will come and torture me.”[e] But his armor-bearer refused to do it, because he was very afraid. So Saul took the sword and fell on it. When his armor-bearer saw that Saul was dead, he also fell on his sword and died. So Saul and his three sons died; his whole household[f] died together. When all the Israelites who were in the valley saw that the army[g] had fled and that Saul and his sons were dead, they abandoned their cities and fled. The Philistines came and occupied them.

The next day, when the Philistines came to strip loot from the corpses, they discovered Saul and his sons lying dead on Mount Gilboa. They stripped his corpse, and then carried off his head and his armor. They sent messengers throughout the land of the Philistines proclaiming the news to their idols and their people. 10 They placed his armor in the temple of their gods[h] and hung his head in the temple of Dagon. 11 When all the residents of Jabesh Gilead heard about everything the Philistines had done to Saul, 12 all the warriors went and recovered the bodies of Saul and his sons[i] and brought them to Jabesh. They buried their remains[j] under the oak tree in Jabesh and fasted for seven days.

13 So Saul died because he was unfaithful to the Lord and did not obey the Lord’s instructions; he even tried to conjure up underworld spirits.[k] 14 He did not seek the Lord’s guidance, so the Lord[l] killed him and transferred the kingdom to David son of Jesse.

Footnotes

  1. 1 Chronicles 10:2 tn Heb “stuck close after.”
  2. 1 Chronicles 10:2 tn Heb “the Philistines.” The translation has substituted the pronoun “they” to avoid redundancy.
  3. 1 Chronicles 10:3 tn Heb “heavy.”
  4. 1 Chronicles 10:3 tn Heb “and they found him, the ones who shoot with the bow, and he was in pain from the ones shooting.”
  5. 1 Chronicles 10:4 tn Heb “so these uncircumcised ones might not come and abuse me.”
  6. 1 Chronicles 10:6 tn Heb “all his house.” This is probably to be understood as a general summary statement. It could include other males in Saul’s household besides his three sons, cf. 1 Sam 31:6. If it refers only to the male members of his household who would have stood in succession to the throne (cf. NLT, “bringing his dynasty to an end,”) even here there is an exception, since one of Saul’s sons, Eshbaal (or “Ishbosheth” in 2 Sam 2:8) was not killed in the battle and became king over Israel, which he ruled for two years (2 Sam 2:10) until he was assassinated by Rechab and Baanah (2 Sam 4:5-6). The tribe of Judah never acknowledged Ishbosheth as king; instead they followed David (2 Sam 2:10).
  7. 1 Chronicles 10:7 tn Heb “they”; the referent (the army) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  8. 1 Chronicles 10:10 tn Or “god.” The Hebrew term may be translated as singular or plural depending on the context.
  9. 1 Chronicles 10:12 tn Heb “arose and carried away the corpse of Saul and the corpses of his sons.”
  10. 1 Chronicles 10:12 tn Heb “their bones.”
  11. 1 Chronicles 10:13 tn Heb “and Saul died in his unfaithfulness by which he acted unfaithfully against the Lord, concerning the Lord’s message which he did not keep, also to inquire of a medium to seek [an oracle].” The LXX adds “and the prophet Samuel answered him.” The text alludes to the incident recorded in 1 Sam 28.
  12. 1 Chronicles 10:14 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the Lord) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

Saul Takes His Life(A)

10 Now the Philistines fought against Israel; the Israelites fled before them, and many fell dead on Mount Gilboa. The Philistines were in hot pursuit of Saul and his sons, and they killed his sons Jonathan, Abinadab and Malki-Shua. The fighting grew fierce around Saul, and when the archers overtook him, they wounded him.

Saul said to his armor-bearer, “Draw your sword and run me through, or these uncircumcised fellows will come and abuse me.”

But his armor-bearer was terrified and would not do it; so Saul took his own sword and fell on it. When the armor-bearer saw that Saul was dead, he too fell on his sword and died. So Saul and his three sons died, and all his house died together.

When all the Israelites in the valley saw that the army had fled and that Saul and his sons had died, they abandoned their towns and fled. And the Philistines came and occupied them.

The next day, when the Philistines came to strip the dead, they found Saul and his sons fallen on Mount Gilboa. They stripped him and took his head and his armor, and sent messengers throughout the land of the Philistines to proclaim the news among their idols and their people. 10 They put his armor in the temple of their gods and hung up his head in the temple of Dagon.(B)

11 When all the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead(C) heard what the Philistines had done to Saul, 12 all their valiant men went and took the bodies of Saul and his sons and brought them to Jabesh. Then they buried their bones under the great tree in Jabesh, and they fasted seven days.

13 Saul died(D) because he was unfaithful(E) to the Lord; he did not keep(F) the word of the Lord and even consulted a medium(G) for guidance, 14 and did not inquire of the Lord. So the Lord put him to death and turned(H) the kingdom(I) over to David son of Jesse.