The sons of Levi; Gershon, Kohath, and Merari.

And the sons of Kohath; Amram, Izhar, and Hebron, and Uzziel.

And the children of Amram; Aaron, and Moses, and Miriam. The sons also of Aaron; Nadab, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar.

Eleazar begat Phinehas, Phinehas begat Abishua,

And Abishua begat Bukki, and Bukki begat Uzzi,

And Uzzi begat Zerahiah, and Zerahiah begat Meraioth,

Meraioth begat Amariah, and Amariah begat Ahitub,

And Ahitub begat Zadok, and Zadok begat Ahimaaz,

And Ahimaaz begat Azariah, and Azariah begat Johanan,

10 And Johanan begat Azariah, (he it is that executed the priest's office in the temple that Solomon built in Jerusalem:)

11 And Azariah begat Amariah, and Amariah begat Ahitub,

12 And Ahitub begat Zadok, and Zadok begat Shallum,

13 And Shallum begat Hilkiah, and Hilkiah begat Azariah,

14 And Azariah begat Seraiah, and Seraiah begat Jehozadak,

15 And Jehozadak went into captivity, when the Lord carried away Judah and Jerusalem by the hand of Nebuchadnezzar.

16 The sons of Levi; Gershom, Kohath, and Merari.

17 And these be the names of the sons of Gershom; Libni, and Shimei.

18 And the sons of Kohath were, Amram, and Izhar, and Hebron, and Uzziel.

19 The sons of Merari; Mahli, and Mushi. And these are the families of the Levites according to their fathers.

20 Of Gershom; Libni his son, Jahath his son, Zimmah his son,

21 Joah his son, Iddo his son, Zerah his son, Jeaterai his son.

22 The sons of Kohath; Amminadab his son, Korah his son, Assir his son,

23 Elkanah his son, and Ebiasaph his son, and Assir his son,

24 Tahath his son, Uriel his son, Uzziah his son, and Shaul his son.

25 And the sons of Elkanah; Amasai, and Ahimoth.

26 As for Elkanah: the sons of Elkanah; Zophai his son, and Nahath his son,

27 Eliab his son, Jeroham his son, Elkanah his son.

28 And the sons of Samuel; the firstborn Vashni, and Abiah.

29 The sons of Merari; Mahli, Libni his son, Shimei his son, Uzza his son,

30 Shimea his son, Haggiah his son, Asaiah his son.

31 And these are they whom David set over the service of song in the house of the Lord, after that the ark had rest.

32 And they ministered before the dwelling place of the tabernacle of the congregation with singing, until Solomon had built the house of the Lord in Jerusalem: and then they waited on their office according to their order.

33 And these are they that waited with their children. Of the sons of the Kohathites: Heman a singer, the son of Joel, the son of Shemuel,

34 The son of Elkanah, the son of Jeroham, the son of Eliel, the son of Toah,

35 The son of Zuph, the son of Elkanah, the son of Mahath, the son of Amasai,

36 The son of Elkanah, the son of Joel, the son of Azariah, the son of Zephaniah,

37 The son of Tahath, the son of Assir, the son of Ebiasaph, the son of Korah,

38 The son of Izhar, the son of Kohath, the son of Levi, the son of Israel.

39 And his brother Asaph, who stood on his right hand, even Asaph the son of Berachiah, the son of Shimea,

40 The son of Michael, the son of Baaseiah, the son of Malchiah,

41 The son of Ethni, the son of Zerah, the son of Adaiah,

42 The son of Ethan, the son of Zimmah, the son of Shimei,

43 The son of Jahath, the son of Gershom, the son of Levi.

44 And their brethren the sons of Merari stood on the left hand: Ethan the son of Kishi, the son of Abdi, the son of Malluch,

45 The son of Hashabiah, the son of Amaziah, the son of Hilkiah,

46 The son of Amzi, the son of Bani, the son of Shamer,

47 The son of Mahli, the son of Mushi, the son of Merari, the son of Levi.

48 Their brethren also the Levites were appointed unto all manner of service of the tabernacle of the house of God.

49 But Aaron and his sons offered upon the altar of the burnt offering, and on the altar of incense, and were appointed for all the work of the place most holy, and to make an atonement for Israel, according to all that Moses the servant of God had commanded.

50 And these are the sons of Aaron; Eleazar his son, Phinehas his son, Abishua his son,

51 Bukki his son, Uzzi his son, Zerahiah his son,

52 Meraioth his son, Amariah his son, Ahitub his son,

53 Zadok his son, Ahimaaz his son.

54 Now these are their dwelling places throughout their castles in their coasts, of the sons of Aaron, of the families of the Kohathites: for theirs was the lot.

55 And they gave them Hebron in the land of Judah, and the suburbs thereof round about it.

56 But the fields of the city, and the villages thereof, they gave to Caleb the son of Jephunneh.

57 And to the sons of Aaron they gave the cities of Judah, namely, Hebron, the city of refuge, and Libnah with her suburbs, and Jattir, and Eshtemoa, with their suburbs,

58 And Hilen with her suburbs, Debir with her suburbs,

59 And Ashan with her suburbs, and Bethshemesh with her suburbs:

60 And out of the tribe of Benjamin; Geba with her suburbs, and Alemeth with her suburbs, and Anathoth with her suburbs. All their cities throughout their families were thirteen cities.

61 And unto the sons of Kohath, which were left of the family of that tribe, were cities given out of the half tribe, namely, out of the half tribe of Manasseh, by lot, ten cities.

62 And to the sons of Gershom throughout their families out of the tribe of Issachar, and out of the tribe of Asher, and out of the tribe of Naphtali, and out of the tribe of Manasseh in Bashan, thirteen cities.

63 Unto the sons of Merari were given by lot, throughout their families, out of the tribe of Reuben, and out of the tribe of Gad, and out of the tribe of Zebulun, twelve cities.

64 And the children of Israel gave to the Levites these cities with their suburbs.

65 And they gave by lot out of the tribe of the children of Judah, and out of the tribe of the children of Simeon, and out of the tribe of the children of Benjamin, these cities, which are called by their names.

66 And the residue of the families of the sons of Kohath had cities of their coasts out of the tribe of Ephraim.

67 And they gave unto them, of the cities of refuge, Shechem in mount Ephraim with her suburbs; they gave also Gezer with her suburbs,

68 And Jokmeam with her suburbs, and Bethhoron with her suburbs,

69 And Aijalon with her suburbs, and Gathrimmon with her suburbs:

70 And out of the half tribe of Manasseh; Aner with her suburbs, and Bileam with her suburbs, for the family of the remnant of the sons of Kohath.

71 Unto the sons of Gershom were given out of the family of the half tribe of Manasseh, Golan in Bashan with her suburbs, and Ashtaroth with her suburbs:

72 And out of the tribe of Issachar; Kedesh with her suburbs, Daberath with her suburbs,

73 And Ramoth with her suburbs, and Anem with her suburbs:

74 And out of the tribe of Asher; Mashal with her suburbs, and Abdon with her suburbs,

75 And Hukok with her suburbs, and Rehob with her suburbs:

76 And out of the tribe of Naphtali; Kedesh in Galilee with her suburbs, and Hammon with her suburbs, and Kirjathaim with her suburbs.

77 Unto the rest of the children of Merari were given out of the tribe of Zebulun, Rimmon with her suburbs, Tabor with her suburbs:

78 And on the other side Jordan by Jericho, on the east side of Jordan, were given them out of the tribe of Reuben, Bezer in the wilderness with her suburbs, and Jahzah with her suburbs,

79 Kedemoth also with her suburbs, and Mephaath with her suburbs:

80 And out of the tribe of Gad; Ramoth in Gilead with her suburbs, and Mahanaim with her suburbs,

81 And Heshbon with her suburbs, and Jazer with her suburbs.

The Bnei Levi: Gershon, Kehat, and Merari.

(28) And the Bnei Kehat: Amram, Yitzhar, and Chevron, and Uzziel.

(29) And the Bnei Amram: Aharon, and Moshe, and Miryam. The bnei Aharon; Nadav, and Avihu, Eleazar, and Itamar.

(30) Eleazar fathered Pinchas, Pinchas fathered Avishua,

(31) And Avishua fathered Bukki, and Bukki fathered Uzzi,

(32) And Uzzi fathered Zerachyah, and Zerachyah fathered Merayot,

(33) Merayot fathered Amaryah, and Amaryah fathered Achituv,

(34) And Achituv fathered Tzadok, and Tzadok fathered Achima’atz,

(35) And Achima’atz fathered Azaryah, and Azaryah fathered Yochanan,

10 (36) And Yochanan fathered Azaryah (he it is that executed the kohen’s office in the Beis [Hamikdash] that Sh’lomo built in Yerushalayim),

11 (37) And Azaryah fathered Amaryah, and Amaryah fathered Achituv,

12 (38) And Achituv fathered Tzadok, and Tzadok fathered Shallum,

13 (39) And Shallum fathered Chilkiyah, and Chilkiyah fathered Azaryah,

14 (40) And Azaryah fathered Serayah, and Serayah fathered Yehotzadak,

15 (41) And Yehotzadak went into the Golus, when Hashem carried away Yehudah and Yerushalayim by the yad of Nevuchadnetzar.

16 (6:1) The Bnei Levi: Gershom, Kehat, and Merari.

17 (6:2) And these are the shmot of the Bnei Gershom: Livni and Shimei.

18 (6:3) And the Bnei Kehat were Amram, and Yitzhar, and Chevron, and Uzziel.

19 (6:4) The Bnei Merari: Machli and Mushi. And these are the mishpekhot of the Levi’im according to avoteihem.

20 (6:5) Of Gershom: Livni bno, Yachat bno, Zimmah bno,

21 (6:6) Yoach bno, Iddo bno, Zerach bno, Yeaterai bno.

22 (6:7) The Bnei Kehat: Amminadav bno, Korach bno, Assir bno,

23 (6:8) Elkanah bno, and Evyasaph bno, and Assir bno,

24 (6:9) Tachat bno, Uriel bno, Uziyah bno, and Sha’ul bno.

25 (6:10) And the Bnei Elkanah: Amasai, and Achimot.

26 (6:11) As for Elkanah, the Bnei Elkanah: Tzophai bno, and Nachat bno,

27 (6:12) Eliav bno, Yerocham bno, Elkanah bno.

28 (6:13) And the Bnei Shmuel: the bechor [Yoel], and the second, Aviyah.

29 (6:14) The Bnei Merari: Machli, Livni bno, Shimei bno, Uzzah bno,

30 (6:15) Shimea bno, Chagiyah bno, Asayah bno.

31 (6:16) And these are they whom Dovid set over the service of shir (song) in the Beis Hashem, after the Menoach HaAron (the coming to rest of the Ark).

32 (6:17) And they were the mesharetim (ministers) before the Mishkan Ohel Mo’ed with singing, until Sh’lomo had built the Beis Hashem in Yerushalayim, and then they performed their avodas [kodesh service] according to their mishpatim (regulations).

33 (6:18) And these are they that stood [ministering] with their banim. Of the Bnei Kehati; Heman the meshorer (singer) Ben Yoel Ben Shemuel,

34 (6:19) Ben Elkanah Ben Yerocham Ben Eliel Ben Toach,

35 (6:20) Ben Tzuph Ben Elkanah Ben Machat Ben Amasai,

36 (6:21) Ben Elkanah Ben Yoel Ben Azaryah Ben Tzephanyah,

37 (6:22) Ben Tachat Ben Assir Ben Evyasaph Ben Korach,

38 (6:23) Ben Yitzhar Ben Kehat Ben Levi Ben Yisroel.

39 (6:24) And achiv Asaph, who stood at his right hand, even Asaph Ben Berechyah Ben Shimea,

40 (6:25) Ben Micha’el Ben Ba’aseyah Ben Malkiyah,

41 (6:26) Ben Etni Ben Zerach Ben Adayah,

42 (6:27) Ben Eitan Ben Zimmah Ben Shimei,

43 (6:28) Ben Yachat Ben Gershom Ben Levi.

44 (6:29) And their achim the Bnei Merari stood on the left hand; Eitan Ben Kishi Ben Avdi Ben Maluch,

45 (6:30) Ben Chashavyah Ben Amatzyah Ben Chilkiyah,

46 (6:31) Ben Amtzi Ben Bani Ben Shemer,

47 (6:32) Ben Machli Ben Mushi Ben Merari Ben Levi.

48 (6:33) Their achim also the Levi’im were appointed unto all the avodas Mishkan Beis HaElohim.

49 (6:34) But Aharon and his banim presented the offerings upon the Mizbe’ach HaOlah and on the Mizbe’ach HaKetoret, and were appointed for all the work of the Kodesh HaKodashim, and to make kapporah for Yisroel, according to all that Moshe eved HaElohim had commanded.

50 (6:35) And these are the Bnei Aharon; Eleazar bno, Pinchas bno, Avishua bno,

51 (6:36) Bukki bno, Uzzi bno, Zerachyah bno,

52 (6:37) Merayot bno, Amaryah bno, Achituv bno,

53 (6:38) Tzadok bno, Achima’atz bno.

54 (6:39) Now these are their moshevot throughout their assigned territories, of the Bnei Aharon, of the mishpekhot of the Kehati, for the goral (lot) fell upon them.

55 (6:40) And they gave them Chevron in Eretz Yehudah, and the migrashim thereof all around it.

56 (6:41) The sadeh of the Ir, and the villages thereof, they gave to Kalev Ben Yephunneh.

57 (6:42) And to the Bnei Aharon they gave the cities of refuge, namely, Chevron, and Livnah with her migrashim, and Yatir, and Eshtemoa, with her migrashim,

58 (6:43) Chilez with her migrashim, Devir with hers,

59 (6:44) And Ashan with her migrashim, and Beit Shemesh with her migrashim;

60 (6:45) And out of the tribe of Binyamin; Geva with her migrashim, and Alemet with her migrashim, and Anatot with her migrashim. All their towns throughout their mishpekhot were 13 towns.

61 (6:46) And unto the Bnei Kehat, which were left of the mishpakhat of that tribe, were towns given out of the half tribe, namely, out of the half tribe of Menasheh, by goral, ten towns.

62 (6:47) And to the Bnei Gershom throughout their mishpekhot out of the tribe of Yissakhar, out of that of Asher, out of that of Naphtali, out of the tribe of Menasheh in Bashan, 13 towns.

63 (6:48) Unto the Bnei Merari were given by goral, throughout their mishpekhot, out of the tribe of Reuven, and out of that of Gad, and out of that of Zevulun, 12 towns.

64 (6:49) And the Bnei Yisroel gave to the Levi’im these towns with their migrashim.

65 (6:50) And they gave by goral out of the tribe of the Bnei Yehudah, and out of the tribe of the Bnei Shim’on, and out of the tribe of the Bnei Binyamin, these towns, which are called by their shmot.

66 (6:51) For some of the mishpekhot of the Bnei Kehat had towns of their territories out of the tribe of Ephrayim.

67 (6:52) They gave unto them, of the cities of refuge, Shechem in Har Ephrayim with her migrashim; they gave Gezer with her migrashim,

68 (6:53) And Yokmeam with her migrashim, and Beit Choron with her migrashim,

69 (6:54) And Ayalon with her migrashim, and Gat Rimmon with her migrashim;

70 (6:55) And out of the half tribe of Menasheh; Aner with her migrashim, and Bileam with her migrashim, for the mishpakhat of the rest of the Bnei Kehat.

71 (6:56) Unto the Bnei Gershom were given out of the mishpakhat of the half tribe of Menasheh Golan in Bashan with her migrashim, and Ashtarot with her migrashim;

72 (6:57) And out of the tribe of Yissakhar; Kedesh with her migrashim, Davrat with her migrashim,

73 (6:58) And Ramot with her migrashim, and Anem with her migrashim;

74 (6:59) And out of the tribe of Asher; Mashal with her migrashim, and Avdon with her migrashim,

75 (6:60) And Chukok with her migrashim, and Rechov with her migrashim;

76 (6:61) And out of the tribe of Naphtali; Kedesh in Galil (Galilee) with her migrashim, and Chammon with her migrashim, and Kiryatayim with her migrashim.

77 (6:62) Unto the rest of the Bnei Merari were given out of the tribe of Zevulun, Rimmono with her migrashim, Tavor with her migrashim.

78 (6:63) And on the other side of the Yarden by Yericho, on the east side of Yarden, were given them out of the tribe of Reuven, Betzer in the midbar with her migrashim, and Yachtzah with her migrashim,

79 (6:64) Kedemot also with her migrashim, and Mepha’at with her migrashim;

80 (6:65) And out of the tribe of Gad: Ramot in Gil’ad with her migrashim, and Machanayim with her migrashim,

81 (6:66) And Cheshbon with her migrashim, and Ya’zer with her migrashim.

Descendants of Levi

[a] (A)The sons of Levi: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. (B)The sons of Kohath: Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel. (C)The children of Amram: Aaron, Moses, and Miriam. (D)The sons of Aaron: Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar. (E)(F)Eleazar fathered (G)Phinehas, Phinehas fathered Abishua, Abishua fathered Bukki, Bukki fathered Uzzi, Uzzi fathered Zerahiah, Zerahiah fathered (H)Meraioth, Meraioth fathered Amariah, Amariah fathered Ahitub, (I)Ahitub fathered (J)Zadok, Zadok fathered Ahimaaz, Ahimaaz fathered Azariah, Azariah fathered Johanan, 10 and Johanan fathered Azariah ((K)it was he who served as priest (L)in the house that Solomon built in Jerusalem). 11 (M)Azariah fathered (N)Amariah, Amariah fathered Ahitub, 12 Ahitub fathered Zadok, Zadok fathered (O)Shallum, 13 Shallum fathered (P)Hilkiah, Hilkiah fathered Azariah, 14 Azariah fathered (Q)Seraiah, Seraiah fathered Jehozadak; 15 and (R)Jehozadak went into exile when the Lord sent Judah and Jerusalem into exile (S)by the hand of Nebuchadnezzar.

16 [b] The (T)sons of Levi: Gershom, Kohath, and Merari. 17 And these are the names of the sons of Gershom: (U)Libni and Shimei. 18 (V)The sons of Kohath: Amram, Izhar, Hebron and Uzziel. 19 (W)The sons of Merari: Mahli and Mushi. These are the clans of the Levites according to their fathers. 20 (X)Of Gershom: Libni his son, (Y)Jahath his son, Zimmah his son, 21 Joah his son, Iddo his son, Zerah his son, Jeatherai his son. 22 (Z)The sons of Kohath: Amminadab his son, Korah his son, Assir his son, 23 Elkanah his son, Ebiasaph his son, Assir his son, 24 Tahath his son, Uriel his son, Uzziah his son, and Shaul his son. 25 The sons of Elkanah: Amasai and Ahimoth, 26 Elkanah his son, Zophai his son, Nahath his son, 27 Eliab his son, Jeroham his son, Elkanah his son. 28 The sons of Samuel: Joel[c] his firstborn, the second Abijah.[d] 29 (AA)The sons of Merari: Mahli, Libni his son, Shimei his son, Uzzah his son, 30 Shimea his son, Haggiah his son, and Asaiah his son.

31 These are the men (AB)whom David put in charge of the service of song in the house of the Lord (AC)after the ark rested there. 32 They ministered with song before the tabernacle of the tent of meeting until Solomon built the house of the Lord in Jerusalem, and they performed their service according to their order. 33 These are the men who served and their sons. Of the sons of the Kohathites: Heman the singer the son of Joel, son of (AD)Samuel, 34 son of Elkanah, son of Jeroham, son of Eliel, son of Toah, 35 son of Zuph, son of Elkanah, son of Mahath, son of Amasai, 36 son of Elkanah, son of Joel, son of Azariah, son of Zephaniah, 37 son of Tahath, son of Assir, son of Ebiasaph, son of Korah, 38 son of Izhar, son of Kohath, son of Levi, son of Israel; 39 and his brother (AE)Asaph, who stood on his right hand, namely, Asaph the son of Berechiah, son of Shimea, 40 son of Michael, son of Baaseiah, son of Malchijah, 41 son of Ethni, son of Zerah, son of Adaiah, 42 son of Ethan, son of Zimmah, son of Shimei, 43 son of Jahath, son of Gershom, son of Levi. 44 On the left hand were their brothers, the sons of Merari: Ethan the son of Kishi, son of Abdi, son of Malluch, 45 son of Hashabiah, son of Amaziah, son of Hilkiah, 46 son of Amzi, son of Bani, son of Shemer, 47 son of Mahli, son of Mushi, son of Merari, son of Levi. 48 And their brothers the Levites were appointed for all the service of the tabernacle of the house of God.

49 But Aaron and his sons made offerings (AF)on the altar of burnt offering and on (AG)the altar of incense for all the work of the Most Holy Place, and (AH)to make atonement for Israel, according to all that Moses the servant of God had commanded. 50 (AI)These are the sons of Aaron: Eleazar his son, Phinehas his son, Abishua his son, 51 Bukki his son, Uzzi his son, Zerahiah his son, 52 Meraioth his son, Amariah his son, Ahitub his son, 53 Zadok his son, Ahimaaz his son.

54 These are their dwelling places according to their (AJ)settlements within their borders: to the sons of Aaron of the (AK)clans of Kohathites, for theirs was the first lot, 55 to them they gave Hebron in the land of Judah and its surrounding pasturelands, 56 (AL)but the fields of the city and its villages they gave to Caleb the son of Jephunneh. 57 (AM)To the sons of Aaron they gave the cities of refuge: Hebron, Libnah with its pasturelands, Jattir, Eshtemoa with its pasturelands, 58 Hilen with its pasturelands, Debir with its pasturelands, 59 Ashan with its pasturelands, and Beth-shemesh with its pasturelands; 60 and from the tribe of Benjamin, Gibeon,[e] Geba with its pasturelands, Alemeth with its pasturelands, and Anathoth with its pasturelands. All their cities throughout their clans were thirteen.

61 (AN)To the rest of the Kohathites were given by lot out of the clan of the tribe, out of the half-tribe, the half of Manasseh, ten cities. 62 To the Gershomites according to their clans were allotted thirteen cities out of the tribes of Issachar, Asher, Naphtali and Manasseh in Bashan. 63 (AO)To the Merarites according to their clans were allotted twelve cities out of the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and Zebulun. 64 (AP)So the people of Israel gave the Levites the cities with their pasturelands. 65 They gave by lot out of the tribes of Judah, Simeon, and Benjamin (AQ)these cities that are mentioned by name.

66 (AR)And some of the clans of the sons of Kohath had cities of their territory out of the tribe of Ephraim. 67 They were given the cities of refuge: Shechem with its pasturelands in the hill country of Ephraim, Gezer with its pasturelands, 68 (AS)Jokmeam with its pasturelands, Beth-horon with its pasturelands, 69 Aijalon with its pasturelands, Gath-rimmon with its pasturelands, 70 and out of the half-tribe of Manasseh, Aner with its pasturelands, and Bileam with its pasturelands, for the rest of the clans of the Kohathites.

71 (AT)To the Gershomites were given out of the clan of the half-tribe of Manasseh: Golan in Bashan with its pasturelands and (AU)Ashtaroth with its pasturelands; 72 and out of the tribe of Issachar: Kedesh with its pasturelands, Daberath with its pasturelands, 73 Ramoth with its pasturelands, and Anem with its pasturelands; 74 out of the tribe of Asher: Mashal with its pasturelands, Abdon with its pasturelands, 75 Hukok with its pasturelands, and Rehob with its pasturelands; 76 and out of the tribe of Naphtali: Kedesh in Galilee with its pasturelands, Hammon with its pasturelands, and Kiriathaim with its pasturelands. 77 (AV)To the rest of the Merarites were allotted out of the tribe of Zebulun: (AW)Rimmono with its pasturelands, (AX)Tabor with its pasturelands, 78 and (AY)beyond the Jordan at Jericho, on the east side of the Jordan, out of the tribe of Reuben: Bezer in the wilderness with its pasturelands, Jahzah with its pasturelands, 79 Kedemoth with its pasturelands, and Mephaath with its pasturelands; 80 and out of the tribe of Gad: (AZ)Ramoth in Gilead with its pasturelands, (BA)Mahanaim with its pasturelands, 81 (BB)Heshbon with its pasturelands, and (BC)Jazer with its pasturelands.

Footnotes

  1. 1 Chronicles 6:1 Ch 5:27 in Hebrew
  2. 1 Chronicles 6:16 Ch 6:1 in Hebrew
  3. 1 Chronicles 6:28 Septuagint, Syriac (compare verse 33 and 1 Samuel 8:2); Hebrew lacks Joel
  4. 1 Chronicles 6:28 Hebrew and Abijah
  5. 1 Chronicles 6:60 Septuagint, Syriac (compare Joshua 21:17); Hebrew lacks Gibeon