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1 Chronicles 2-10
New English Translation

Israel’s Descendants

2 These were the sons of Israel:[a] Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah; Issachar and Zebulun;

2 Dan, Joseph, and Benjamin;

Naphtali, Gad, and Asher.

Judah’s Descendants

3 The sons of Judah: Er, Onan, and Shelah. These three were born to him by Bathshua,[b] a Canaanite woman. Er, Judah’s firstborn, displeased the Lord, so the Lord killed him.[c]

4 Tamar, Judah’s[d] daughter-in-law, bore to him Perez and Zerah. Judah had five sons in all.

5 The sons of Perez: Hezron and Hamul.

6 The sons of Zerah: Zimri, Ethan, Heman, Kalkol, Dara[e]—five in all.

7 The son[f] of Carmi: Achan,[g] who brought the disaster on Israel when he stole what was devoted to God.[h]

8 The son[i] of Ethan: Azariah.

9 The sons born to Hezron: Jerahmeel, Ram, and Caleb.[j]

Ram’s Descendants

10 Ram was the father of Amminadab, and Amminadab was the father of Nahshon, the tribal chief of Judah. 11 Nahshon was the father of Salma,[k] and Salma was the father of Boaz. 12 Boaz was the father of Obed, and Obed was the father of Jesse.

13 Jesse was the father of Eliab, his firstborn; Abinadab was born second, Shimea third, 14 Nethanel fourth, Raddai fifth, 15 Ozem sixth, and David seventh. 16 Their sisters were Zeruiah and Abigail. Zeruiah’s three sons were Abshai,[l] Joab, and Asahel. 17 Abigail bore Amasa, whose father was Jether the Ishmaelite.

Caleb’s Descendants

18 Caleb son of Hezron fathered sons by his wife Azubah (also known as Jerioth).[m] Her sons were Jesher, Shobab, and Ardon. 19 When Azubah died, Caleb married[n] Ephrath, who bore him Hur. 20 Hur was the father of Uri, and Uri was the father of Bezalel.

21 Later[o] Hezron slept with[p] the daughter of Makir, the father of Gilead. (He had married[q] her when he was sixty years old.) She bore him Segub. 22 Segub was the father of Jair, who owned twenty-three cities in the land of Gilead. 23 (Geshur and Aram captured the towns of Jair,[r] along with Kenath and its sixty surrounding towns.) All these were descendants of Makir, the father of Gilead.

24 After Hezron’s death, Caleb slept with Ephrath, his father Hezron’s widow, and she bore to him Ashhur the father of Tekoa.[s]

Jerahmeel’s Descendants

25 The sons of Jerahmeel, Hezron’s firstborn, were Ram, the firstborn, Bunah, Oren, Ozem, and Ahijah. 26 Jerahmeel had another wife named Atarah; she was Onam’s mother.

27 The sons of Ram, Jerahmeel’s firstborn, were Maaz, Jamin, and Eker.

28 The sons of Onam were Shammai and Jada.

The sons of Shammai: Nadab and Abishur.

29 Abishur’s wife was Abihail, who bore him Ahban and Molid. 30 The sons of Nadab: Seled and Appaim. (Seled died without having sons.)

31 The son[t] of Appaim: Ishi.

The son of Ishi: Sheshan.

The son of Sheshan: Ahlai.

32 The sons of Jada, Shammai’s brother: Jether and Jonathan. (Jether died without having sons.)

33 The sons of Jonathan: Peleth and Zaza.

These were the descendants of Jerahmeel.

34 Sheshan had no sons, only daughters. Sheshan had an Egyptian servant named Jarha. 35 Sheshan gave his daughter to his servant Jarha as a wife; she bore him Attai.

36 Attai was the father of Nathan, and Nathan was the father of Zabad. 37 Zabad was the father of Ephlal, and Ephlal was the father of Obed. 38 Obed was the father of Jehu, and Jehu was the father of Azariah. 39 Azariah was the father of Helez, and Helez was the father of Eleasah. 40 Eleasah was the father of Sismai, and Sismai was the father of Shallum. 41 Shallum was the father of Jekamiah, and Jekamiah was the father of Elishama.

More of Caleb’s Descendants

42 The sons of Caleb, Jerahmeel’s brother: His firstborn Mesha, the father of Ziph, and his second son Mareshah,[u] the father of Hebron.

43 The sons of Hebron: Korah, Tappuah, Rekem, and Shema.

44 Shema was the father of Raham, the father of Jorkeam. Rekem was the father of Shammai. 45 Shammai’s son was Maon, who was the father of Beth Zur.

46 Caleb’s concubine[v] Ephah bore Haran, Moza, and Gazez. Haran was the father of Gazez.

47 The sons of Jahdai: Regem, Jotham, Geshan, Pelet, Ephah, and Shaaph.

48 Caleb’s concubine Maacah bore Sheber and Tirhanah. 49 She also bore Shaaph the father of Madmannah and Sheva the father of Machbenah and Gibea. Caleb’s daughter was Achsah.

50 These were the descendants of Caleb.

The sons[w] of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrath:[x] Shobal, the father of Kiriath Jearim, 51 Salma, the father of Bethlehem, and Hareph, the father of Beth Gader.

52 The sons of Shobal, the father of Kiriath Jearim, were Haroeh, half the Manahathites,[y] 53 the clans of Kiriath Jearim—the Ithrites, Puthites, Shumathites, and Mishraites. (The Zorathites and Eshtaolites descended from these groups.)[z]

54 The sons of Salma: Bethlehem, the Netophathites, Atroth Beth Joab, half the Manahathites, the Zorites, 55 and the clans of the scribes[aa] who lived in Jabez: the Tirathites, Shimeathites, and Sucathites. These are the Kenites who descended[ab] from Hammath, the father of Beth Rechab.[ac]

David’s Descendants

3 These were the sons of David who were born to him in Hebron:

The firstborn was Amnon, whose mother was Ahinoam from Jezreel;

the second was Daniel, whose mother was Abigail from Carmel;

2 the third was Absalom whose mother was Maacah, daughter of King Talmai of Geshur;

the fourth was Adonijah, whose mother was Haggith;

3 the fifth was Shephatiah, whose mother was Abital;

the sixth was Ithream, whose mother was Eglah, David’s wife.[ad]

4 These six were born to David[ae] in Hebron, where he ruled for seven years and six months.

He ruled thirty-three years in Jerusalem. 5 These were the sons born to him in Jerusalem:

Shimea,[af] Shobab, Nathan, and Solomon—the mother of these four was Bathsheba[ag] the daughter of Ammiel.[ah]

6 The other nine were Ibhar, Elishua,[ai] Elpelet,[aj] 7 Nogah, Nepheg, Japhia, 8 Elishama, Eliada, and Eliphelet.

9 These were all the sons of David, not counting the sons of his concubines.[ak] Tamar was their sister.

Solomon’s Descendants

10 Solomon’s son was Rehoboam,

followed by Abijah his son,

Asa his son,

Jehoshaphat his son,

11 Joram[al] his son,

Ahaziah his son,

Joash his son,

12 Amaziah his son,

Azariah his son,

Jotham his son,

13 Ahaz his son,

Hezekiah his son,

Manasseh his son,

14 Amon his son,

Josiah his son.

15 The sons of Josiah: Johanan was the firstborn; Jehoiakim was born second; Zedekiah third; and Shallum fourth.

16 The sons of Jehoiakim: his son Jehoiachin[am] and his son Zedekiah.

17 The sons of Jehoiachin the exile:[an] Shealtiel his son, 18 Malkiram, Pedaiah, Shenazzar, Jekamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah.

19 The sons of Pedaiah: Zerubbabel and Shimei.

The sons of Zerubbabel: Meshullam and Hananiah. Shelomith was their sister.

20 The five others were Hashubah, Ohel, Berechiah, Hasadiah, and Jushab Hesed.

21 The descendants of Hananiah: Pelatiah, Jeshaiah, the sons of Rephaiah, of Arnan, of Obadiah, and of Shecaniah.

22 The descendants of Shecaniah: Shemaiah and his sons: Hattush, Igal, Bariah, Neariah, and Shaphat—six in all.

23 The sons of Neariah: Elioenai, Hizkiah, and Azrikam—three in all.

24 The sons of Elioenai: Hodaviah, Eliashib, Pelaiah, Akkub, Johanan, Delaiah, and Anani—seven in all.

Judah’s Descendants

4 The descendants of Judah: Perez, Hezron, Carmi, Hur, and Shobal.

2 Reaiah the son of Shobal was the father of Jahath, and Jahath was the father of Ahumai and Lahad. These were the clans of the Zorathites.

3 These were the sons of Etam: Jezreel, Ishma, and Idbash. Their sister was Hazzelelponi.

4 Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These were the descendants of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah and the father of Bethlehem.

5 Ashhur the father of Tekoa had two wives, Helah and Naarah. 6 Naarah bore him Ahuzzam, Hepher, Temeni, and Haahashtari. These were the sons of Naarah. 7 The sons of Helah: Zereth, Zohar, Ethnan, 8 and Koz, who was the father of Anub, Hazzobebah, and the clans of Aharhel the son of Harum.

9 Jabez was more respected than his brothers. His mother had named him Jabez, for she said, “I experienced pain when I gave birth to him.”[ao] 10 Jabez called out to the God of Israel, “If only[ap] you would greatly bless me and expand my territory.[aq] May your hand be with me! Keep me from harm[ar] so I might not endure pain.” God answered his prayer.[as]

11 Kelub, the brother of Shuhah, was the father of Mehir, who was the father of Eshton. 12 Eshton was the father of Beth Rapha, Paseah, and Tehinnah, the father of Ir Nahash.[at] These were the men of Recah.

13 The sons of Kenaz: Othniel and Seraiah.

The sons of Othniel: Hathath and Meonothai.[au] 14 Meonothai was the father of Ophrah.

Seraiah was the father of Joab, the father of those who live in the Valley of the Craftsmen,[av] for they were craftsmen.

15 The sons of Caleb son of Jephunneh: Iru, Elah, and Naam.

The son of Elah: Kenaz.[aw]

16 The sons of Jehallelel: Ziph, Ziphah, Tiria, and Asarel.

17 The sons of Ezrah: Jether, Mered, Epher, and Jalon.

Mered’s wife Bithiah[ax] gave birth to Miriam, Shammai, and Ishbah, the father of Eshtemoa. 18 (His Judahite wife gave birth to Jered the father of Gedor, Heber the father of Soco, and Jekuthiel the father of Zanoah.) These were the sons of Pharaoh’s daughter Bithiah, whom Mered married.[ay]

19 The sons of Hodiah’s wife, the sister of Naham: the father of Keilah the Garmite, and Eshtemoa the Maacathite.

20 The sons of Shimon: Amnon, Rinnah, Ben Hanan, and Tilon.

The descendants of Ishi: Zoheth and Ben Zoheth.[az]

21 The sons of Shelah son of Judah: Er the father of Lecah, Laadah the father of Mareshah, the clans of the linen workers at Beth Ashbea, 22 Jokim, the men of Cozeba, and Joash and Saraph, both of whom ruled in Moab and Jashubi Lehem. (This information is from ancient records.)[ba] 23 They were the potters who lived in Netaim and Gederah; they lived there and worked for the king.[bb]

Simeon’s Descendants

24 The descendants of Simeon: Nemuel, Jamin, Jarib, Zerah, Shaul, 25 his son Shallum, his son Mibsam, and his son Mishma.

26 The descendants of Mishma: his son Hammuel, his son Zaccur, and his son Shimei.

27 Shimei had sixteen sons and six daughters. But his brothers did not have many sons, so their whole clan was not as numerous as the sons of Judah. 28 They lived in Beer Sheba, Moladah, Hazar Shual, 29 Bilhah, Ezem, Tolad, 30 Bethuel, Hormah, Ziklag, 31 Beth Marcaboth, Hazar Susim, Beth Biri, and Shaaraim. These were their towns until the reign of David. 32 Their settlements also included Etam, Ain, Rimmon, Tochen, and Ashan—five towns, 33 along with all their settlements that surrounded these towns as far as Baal.[bc] These were the places where they lived; they kept genealogical records.

34 Their clan leaders were:[bd] Meshobab, Jamlech, Joshah son of Amaziah, 35 Joel, Jehu son of Joshibiah (son of Seraiah, son of Asiel), 36 Eleoenai, Jaakobah, Jeshohaiah, Asaiah, Adiel, Jesimiel, Benaiah, 37 Ziza son of Shipi (son of Allon, son of Jedaiah, son of Shimri, son of Shemaiah). 38 These who are named above were the leaders of their clans.

Their extended families increased greatly in numbers. 39 They went to the entrance of Gedor, to the east of the valley, looking for pasture for their sheep. 40 They found fertile and rich pasture; the land was very broad, undisturbed and peaceful. Indeed some Hamites had been living there before that. 41 The men whose names are listed came during the time of King Hezekiah of Judah and attacked the Hamites’ settlements,[be] as well as the Meunites they discovered there, and they wiped them out, as can be seen to this very day. They dispossessed them,[bf] for they found pasture for their sheep there. 42 Five hundred men of Simeon, led by Pelatiah, Neariah, Rephaiah, and Uzziel, the sons of Ishi, went to the hill country of Seir 43 and defeated the rest of the Amalekite refugees;[bg] they live there to this very day.

Reuben’s Descendants

5 The sons of Reuben, Israel’s firstborn—

(Now he was the firstborn, but when he defiled his father’s bed,[bh] his rights as firstborn were given to the sons of Joseph, Israel’s son. So Reuben is not listed as firstborn in the genealogical records.[bi] 2 Though Judah was the strongest among his brothers and a leader descended from him,[bj] the right of the firstborn belonged to Joseph.)

3 The sons of Reuben, Israel’s firstborn: Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.

4 The descendants of Joel: his son Shemaiah, his son Gog, his son Shimei, 5 his son Micah, his son Reaiah, his son Baal, 6 and his son Beerah, whom King Tiglath-Pileser[bk] of Assyria carried into exile. Beerah[bl] was the tribal leader of Reuben.

7 His brothers by their clans, as listed in their genealogical records:

The leader Jeiel, Zechariah, 8 and Bela son of Azaz, son of Shema, son of Joel.

They lived in Aroer as far as Nebo and Baal Meon. 9 In the east they settled as far as the entrance to the wilderness that stretches to the Euphrates River, for their cattle had increased in numbers in the land of Gilead. 10 During the time of Saul they attacked the Hagrites and defeated them. They took over their territory in the entire eastern region of Gilead.[bm]

Gad’s Descendants

11 The descendants of Gad lived near them in the land of Bashan, as far as Salecah.

12 They included Joel the leader, Shapham the second in command, Janai, and Shaphat in Bashan. 13 Their relatives, listed according to their families,[bn] included Michael, Meshullam, Sheba, Jorai, Jacan, Zia, and Eber—seven in all.

14 These were the sons of Abihail son of Huri, son of Jaroah, son of Gilead, son of Michael, son of Jeshishai, son of Jahdo, son of Buz. 15 Ahi son of Abdiel, son of Guni, was the leader of the family.[bo] 16 They lived in Gilead, in Bashan and its surrounding settlements, and in the pasturelands of Sharon to their very borders.[bp] 17 All of them were listed in the genealogical records in the time of King Jotham of Judah and in the time of King Jeroboam of Israel.

18 The Reubenites, Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh had 44,760 men in their combined armies, warriors who carried shields and swords, were equipped with bows, and were trained for war.[bq] 19 They attacked[br] the Hagrites, Jetur, Naphish, and Nodab. 20 They received divine help in fighting them, and the Hagrites and all their allies were handed over to them. They cried out to God during the battle; he responded to their prayers because they trusted in him.[bs] 21 They seized the Hagrites’[bt] animals, including 50,000 camels, 250,000 sheep, and 2,000 donkeys. They also took captive 100,000 people. 22 Because God fought for them,[bu] they killed many of the enemy.[bv] They dispossessed the Hagrites and lived in their land until the exile.[bw]

The Half-Tribe of Manasseh

23 The half-tribe of Manasseh settled in the land from Bashan as far as Baal Hermon, Senir, and Mount Hermon. They grew in number.

24 These were the leaders of their families:[bx]

Epher, Ishi, Eliel, Azriel, Jeremiah, Hodaviah, and Jahdiel. They were skilled warriors, men of reputation,[by] and leaders of their families. 25 But they were unfaithful to the God of their ancestors[bz] and worshiped instead[ca] the gods of the native peoples[cb] whom God had destroyed before them. 26 So the God of Israel stirred up[cc] King Pul of Assyria (that is, King Tiglath-Pileser of Assyria),[cd] and he carried away the Reubenites, Gadites, and half-tribe of Manasseh and took them to Halah, Habor, Hara, and the river of Gozan, where they remain to this very day.

Levi’s Descendants

6 (5:27)[ce] The sons of Levi: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari.

2 The sons of Kohath: Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel.

3 The children of Amram: Aaron, Moses, and Miriam.

The sons of Aaron: Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar.

4 Eleazar was the father of Phinehas, and Phinehas was the father of Abishua. 5 Abishua was the father of Bukki, and Bukki was the father of Uzzi. 6 Uzzi was the father of Zerahiah, and Zerahiah was the father of Meraioth. 7 Meraioth was the father of Amariah, and Amariah was the father of Ahitub. 8 Ahitub was the father of Zadok, and Zadok was the father of Ahimaaz. 9 Ahimaaz was the father of Azariah, and Azariah was the father of Johanan. 10 Johanan was the father of Azariah, who served as a priest in the temple Solomon built in Jerusalem. 11 Azariah was the father of Amariah, and Amariah was the father of Ahitub. 12 Ahitub was the father of Zadok, and Zadok was the father of Shallum. 13 Shallum was the father of Hilkiah, and Hilkiah was the father of Azariah. 14 Azariah was the father of Seraiah, and Seraiah was the father of Jehozadak. 15 Jehozadak went into exile when the Lord sent the people of[cf] Judah and Jerusalem into exile by the hand of Nebuchadnezzar.

16 (6:1)[cg] The sons of Levi: Gershom,[ch] Kohath, and Merari.

17 These are the names of the sons Gershom: Libni and Shimei.

18 The sons of Kohath: Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel.

19 The sons of Merari: Mahli and Mushi.

These are the clans of the Levites by their families.[ci]

20 To Gershom: his son Libni, his son Jahath, his son Zimmah, 21 his son Joah, his son Iddo, his son Zerah, and his son Jeatherai.

22 The sons[cj] of Kohath: his son Amminadab, his son Korah, his son Assir, 23 his son Elkanah, his son Ebiasaph, his son Assir, 24 his son Tahath, his son Uriel, his son Uzziah, and his son Shaul.

25 The sons of Elkanah: Amasai, Ahimoth,[ck] 26 his son Elkanah,[cl] his son Zophai, his son Nahath, 27 his son Eliab, his son Jeroham, and his son Elkanah.[cm]

28 The sons of Samuel: Joel the firstborn[cn] and Abijah the second oldest.

29 The descendants of Merari: Mahli, his son Libni, his son Shimei, his son Uzzah, 30 his son Shimea, his son Haggiah, and his son Asaiah.

Professional Musicians

31 These are the men David put in charge of music in the Lord’s sanctuary,[co] after the ark was placed there. 32 They performed music[cp] before the sanctuary[cq] of the meeting tent until Solomon built the Lord’s temple in Jerusalem. They carried out their tasks according to regulations.

33 These are the ones who served along with their sons:

From the Kohathites: Heman the musician, son of Joel, son of Samuel, 34 son of Elkanah, son of Jeroham, son of Eliel, son of Toah, 35 son of Zuph, son of Elkanah, son of Mahath, son of Amasai, 36 son of Elkanah, son of Joel, son of Azariah, son of Zephaniah, 37 son of Tahath, son of Assir, son of Ebiasaph, son of Korah, 38 son of Izhar, son of Kohath, son of Levi, son of Israel.

39 Serving beside him was his fellow Levite Asaph,[cr] son of Berechiah, son of Shimea, 40 son of Michael, son of Baaseiah,[cs] son of Malkijah, 41 son of Ethni, son of Zerah, son of Adaiah, 42 son of Ethan, son of Zimmah, son of Shimei, 43 son of Jahath, son of Gershom, son of Levi.

44 Serving beside them were their fellow Levites, the descendants of Merari, led by[ct] Ethan, son of Kishi, son of Abdi, son of Malluch, 45 son of Hashabiah, son of Amaziah, son of Hilkiah, 46 son of Amzi, son of Bani, son of Shemer, 47 son of Mahli, son of Mushi, son of Merari, son of Levi.

48 The rest of their fellow Levites[cu] were assigned to perform the remaining tasks at God’s sanctuary.[cv] 49 But Aaron and his descendants offered sacrifices on the altar for burnt offerings and on the altar for incense as they had been assigned to do in the Most Holy Sanctuary.[cw] They made atonement for Israel, just as God’s servant Moses had ordered.[cx]

50 These were the descendants of Aaron:

His son Eleazar, his son Phinehas, his son Abishua, 51 his son Bukki, his son Uzzi, his son Zerahiah, 52 his son Meraioth, his son Amariah, his son Ahitub, 53 his son Zadok, and his son Ahimaaz.

54 These were the areas where Aaron’s descendants lived:[cy]

The following belonged to the Kohathite clan, for they received the first allotment:[cz]

55 They were allotted Hebron in the territory of Judah, as well as its surrounding pasturelands. 56 (But the city’s land and nearby towns were allotted to Caleb son of Jephunneh.) 57 The descendants of Aaron were also allotted as cities[da] of refuge Hebron, Libnah and its pasturelands, Jattir, Eshtemoa and its pasturelands, 58 Hilez[db] and its pasturelands, Debir and its pasturelands, 59 Ashan[dc] and its pasturelands,[dd] and Beth Shemesh and its pasturelands.

60 Within the territory of the tribe of Benjamin they were allotted[de] Geba and its pasturelands, Alemeth and its pasturelands, and Anathoth and its pasturelands. Their clans were allotted thirteen cities in all. 61 The rest of Kohath’s descendants were allotted ten cities in the territory of the half-tribe of Manasseh.[df]

62 The clans of Gershom’s descendants received thirteen cities within the territory of the tribes of Issachar, Asher, Naphtali, and Manasseh (in Bashan).[dg]

63 The clans of Merari’s descendants were allotted twelve cities within the territory of the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and Zebulun.[dh]

64 So the Israelites gave to the Levites these cities and their pasturelands. 65 They allotted these previously named cities from the territory of the tribes of Judah, Simeon, and Benjamin.[di]

66 The clans of Kohath’s descendants also received cities as their territory within the tribe of Ephraim.[dj] 67 They were allotted as cities[dk] of refuge Shechem and its pasturelands (in the hill country of Ephraim), Gezer and its pasturelands, 68 Jokmeam and its pasturelands, Beth Horon and its pasturelands, 69 Aijalon and its pasturelands, and Gath Rimmon and its pasturelands.

70 Within the territory of the half-tribe of Manasseh, the rest of Kohath’s descendants received Aner and its pasturelands and Bileam and its pasturelands.[dl]

71 The following belonged to Gershom’s descendants:[dm]

Within the territory of the half-tribe of Manasseh: Golan in Bashan and its pasturelands and Ashtaroth and its pasturelands.

72 Within the territory of the tribe of Issachar: Kedesh and its pasturelands, Daberath and its pasturelands, 73 Ramoth and its pasturelands, and Anem and its pasturelands.

74 Within the territory of the tribe of Asher: Mashal and its pasturelands, Abdon and its pasturelands, 75 Hukok and its pasturelands, and Rehob and its pasturelands.

76 Within the territory of the tribe of Naphtali: Kedesh in Galilee and its pasturelands, Hammon and its pasturelands, and Kiriathaim and its pasturelands.

77 The following belonged to the rest of Merari’s descendants:[dn]

Within the territory of the tribe of Zebulun: Rimmono[do] and its pasturelands, and Tabor and its pasturelands.

78 Within the territory of the tribe of Reuben across the Jordan River east of Jericho:[dp] Bezer in the wilderness and its pasturelands, Jahzah and its pasturelands, 79 Kedemoth and its pasturelands, and Mephaath and its pasturelands.

80 Within the territory of the tribe of Gad: Ramoth in Gilead and its pasturelands, Mahanaim and its pasturelands, 81 Heshbon and its pasturelands, and Jazer and its pasturelands.

Issachar’s Descendants

7 The sons of Issachar: Tola, Puah, Jashub, and Shimron—four in all.

2 The sons of Tola: Uzzi, Rephaiah, Jeriel, Jahmai, Jibsam,[dq] and Samuel.[dr] They were leaders of their families.[ds] In the time of David there were 22,600 warriors listed in Tola’s genealogical records.[dt]

3 The son[du] of Uzzi: Izrahiah.

The sons of Izrahiah: Michael, Obadiah, Joel, and Isshiah. All five were leaders.

4 According to the genealogical records of their families, they had 36,000 warriors available for battle, for they had numerous wives and sons.[dv] 5 Altogether the genealogical records of the clans of Issachar listed 87,000 warriors.[dw]

Benjamin’s Descendants

6 The sons of Benjamin:[dx] Bela, Beker, and Jediael—three in all.

7 The sons of Bela: Ezbon, Uzzi, Uzziel, Jerimoth, and Iri. The five of them were leaders of their families. There were 22,034 warriors listed in their genealogical records.

8 The sons of Beker: Zemirah, Joash, Eliezer, Elioenai, Omri, Jeremoth, Abijah, Anathoth, and Alemeth. All these were the sons of Beker. 9 There were 20,200 family leaders and warriors listed in their genealogical records.

10 The son[dy] of Jediael: Bilhan.

The sons of Bilhan: Jeush, Benjamin, Ehud, Kenaanah, Zethan, Tarshish, and Ahishahar. 11 All these were the sons of Jediael. There were 17,200 family leaders and warriors who were capable of marching out to battle.

12 The Shuppites and Huppites were descendants of Ir; the Hushites were descendants of Aher.[dz]

Naphtali’s Descendants

13 The sons of Naphtali: Jahziel,[ea] Guni, Jezer, and Shallum[eb]—sons of Bilhah.

Manasseh’s Descendants

14 The sons of Manasseh: Asriel, who was born to Manasseh’s Aramean concubine.[ec] She also gave birth to Makir the father of Gilead. 15 Now Makir married a wife from the Huppites and Shuppites.[ed] (His sister’s name was Maacah.)

Zelophehad was Manasseh’s second son;[ee] he had only daughters.

16 Maacah, Makir’s wife, gave birth to a son, whom she named Peresh. His brother was Sheresh, and his sons were Ulam and Rekem.

17 The son[ef] of Ulam: Bedan.

These were the sons of Gilead, son of Makir, son of Manasseh. 18 His sister Hammoleketh gave birth to Ishhod, Abiezer, and Mahlah.

19 The sons of Shemida were Ahian, Shechem, Likhi, and Aniam.

Ephraim’s Descendants

20 The descendants of Ephraim: Shuthelah, his son Bered, his son Tahath, his son Eleadah, his son Tahath, 21 his son Zabad, his son Shuthelah (Ezer and Elead were killed by the men of Gath, who were natives of the land, when they went down to steal their cattle. 22 Their father Ephraim mourned for them many days and his brothers came to console him. 23 He slept with[eg] his wife; she became pregnant and gave birth to a son. Ephraim[eh] named him Beriah because tragedy had come to his family.[ei] 24 His daughter was Sheerah, who built Lower and Upper Beth Horon, as well as Uzzen Sheerah),

25 his[ej] son Rephah, his son Resheph,[ek] his son Telah, his son Tahan, 26 his son Ladan, his son Ammihud, his son Elishama, 27 his son Nun,[el] and his son Joshua.

28 Their property and settlements included Bethel and its surrounding towns, Naaran to the east, Gezer and its surrounding towns to the west, and Shechem and its surrounding towns as far as Ayyah and its surrounding towns. 29 On the border of Manasseh’s territory were Beth Shean[em] and its surrounding towns, Taanach and its surrounding towns, Megiddo and its surrounding towns, and Dor and its surrounding towns. The descendants of Joseph, Israel’s son, lived here.

Asher’s Descendants

30 The sons of Asher: Imnah, Ishvah, Ishvi, and Beriah. Serah was their sister.

31 The sons of Beriah: Heber and Malkiel, who was the father of Birzaith.

32 Heber was the father of Japhlet, Shomer, Hotham, and Shua their sister.

33 The sons of Japhlet: Pasach, Bimhal, and Ashvath. These were Japhlet’s sons.

34 The sons of his brother[en] Shemer:[eo] Rohgah, Hubbah,[ep] and Aram.

35 The sons of his brother Helem:[eq] Zophah, Imna, Shelesh, and Amal.

36 The sons of Zophah: Suah, Harnepher, Shual, Beri, Imrah, 37 Bezer, Hod, Shamma, Shilshah, Ithran,[er] and Beera.

38 The sons of Jether: Jephunneh, Pispah, and Ara.

39 The sons of Ulla: Arah, Hanniel, and Rizia.

40 All these were the descendants of Asher. They were the leaders of their families, the most capable men, who were warriors and served as head chiefs. There were 26,000 warriors listed in their genealogical records as capable of doing battle.[es]

Benjamin’s Descendants (Continued)

8 Benjamin was the father of Bela, his firstborn; Ashbel was born second, Aharah[et] third, 2 Nohah fourth, and Rapha fifth.

3 Bela’s sons were Addar, Gera, Abihud, 4 Abishua, Naaman, Ahoah, 5 Gera, Shephuphan, and Huram.

6 These were the descendants of Ehud who were leaders of the families living in Geba who were forced to move to Manahath: 7 Naaman, Ahijah, and Gera, who moved them. Gera[eu] was the father of Uzzah and Ahihud.

8 Shaharaim fathered sons in Moab after he divorced his wives Hushim and Baara. 9 By his wife Hodesh he fathered Jobab, Zibia, Mesha, Malkam, 10 Jeuz, Sakia, and Mirmah. These were his sons; they were family leaders. 11 By Hushim he fathered Abitub and Elpaal.

12 The sons of Elpaal: Eber, Misham, Shemed (who built Ono and Lod, as well as its surrounding towns), 13 Beriah, and Shema. They were leaders of the families living in Aijalon and chased out the inhabitants of Gath.

14 Ahio, Shashak, Jeremoth, 15 Zebadiah, Arad, Eder, 16 Michael, Ishpah, and Joha were the sons of Beriah.

17 Zebadiah, Meshullam, Hizki, Heber, 18 Ishmerai, Izliah, and Jobab were the sons of Elpaal.

19 Jakim, Zikri, Zabdi, 20 Elienai, Zillethai, Eliel, 21 Adaiah, Beraiah, and Shimrath were the sons of Shimei.

22 Ishpan, Eber, Eliel, 23 Abdon, Zikri, Hanan, 24 Hananiah, Elam, Anthothijah, 25 Iphdeiah, and Penuel were the sons of Shashak.

26 Shamsherai, Shechariah, Athaliah, 27 Jaareshiah, Elijah, and Zikri were the sons of Jeroham. 28 These were the family leaders listed in the genealogical records; they lived in Jerusalem.

29 The father of Gibeon[ev] lived in Gibeon; his wife’s name was Maacah. 30 His firstborn son was Abdon, followed by Zur, Kish, Baal,[ew] Nadab, 31 Gedor, Ahio, Zeker, and Mikloth.[ex]

32 Mikloth was the father of Shimeah. They also lived near their relatives in Jerusalem.[ey]

33 Ner was the father of Kish, and Kish was the father of Saul. Saul was the father of Jonathan, Malki-Shua, Abinadab, and Eshbaal.[ez]

34 The son of Jonathan: Meribbaal.[fa]

Meribbaal was the father of Micah.

35 The sons of Micah: Pithon, Melech, Tarea, and Ahaz.

36 Ahaz was the father of Jehoaddah, and Jehoaddah was the father of Alemeth, Azmaveth, and Zimri. Zimri was the father of Moza, 37 and Moza was the father of Binea. His son was Raphah, whose son was Eleasah, whose son was Azel.

38 Azel had six sons:[fb] Azrikam his firstborn,[fc] followed by Ishmael, Sheariah,[fd] Obadiah, and Hanan. All these were the sons of Azel.

39 The sons of his brother Eshek:

Ulam was his firstborn, Jeush second, and Eliphelet third. 40 The sons of Ulam were warriors who were adept archers.[fe] They had many sons and grandsons, a total of 150.

All these were the descendants of Benjamin.

9 Genealogical records were kept for all Israel; they are recorded in the Scroll of the Kings of Israel.

Exiles Who Resettled in Jerusalem

The people of Judah[ff] were carried away to Babylon because of their unfaithfulness. 2 The first to resettle on their property and in their cities were some Israelites, priests, Levites, and temple servants.[fg] 3 Some from the tribes of Judah, Benjamin, and Ephraim and Manasseh settled in Jerusalem.

4 The settlers included:[fh] Uthai son of Ammihud, son of Omri, son of Imri, son of Bani, who was a descendant of Perez son of Judah.

5 From the Shilonites: Asaiah the firstborn and his sons.

6 From the descendants of Zerah: Jeuel.

Their relatives numbered 690.

7 From the descendants of Benjamin:

Sallu son of Meshullam, son of Hodaviah, son of Hassenuah; 8 Ibneiah son of Jeroham; Elah son of Uzzi, son of Mikri; and Meshullam son of Shephatiah, son of Reuel, son of Ibnijah.

9 Their relatives, listed in their genealogical records, numbered 956. All these men were leaders of their families.[fi]

10 From the priests:

Jedaiah; Jehoiarib; Jakin; 11 Azariah son of Hilkiah, son of Meshullam, son of Zadok, son of Meraioth, son of Ahitub the leader in God’s temple; 12 Adaiah son of Jeroham, son of Pashhur, son of Malkijah; and Maasai son of Adiel, son of Jahzerah, son of Meshullam, son of Meshillemith, son of Immer.

13 Their relatives, who were leaders of their families, numbered 1,760. They were capable men who were assigned to carry out the various tasks of service in God’s temple.[fj]

14 From the Levites:

Shemaiah son of Hasshub, son of Azrikam, son of Hashabiah a descendant of Merari; 15 Bakbakkar; Heresh; Galal; Mattaniah son of Mika, son of Zikri, son of Asaph; 16 Obadiah son of Shemaiah, son of Galal, son of Jeduthun; and Berechiah son of Asa, son of Elkanah, who lived among the settlements of the Netophathites.

17 The gatekeepers were:

Shallum, Akkub, Talmon, Ahiman, and their brothers. Shallum was the leader; 18 he serves to this day at the King’s Gate on the east. These were the gatekeepers from the camp of the descendants of Levi.

19 Shallum son of Kore, son of Ebiasaph, son of Korah, and his relatives from his family (the Korahites) were assigned to guard the entrance to the sanctuary.[fk] Their ancestors had guarded the entrance to the Lord’s dwelling place.[fl] 20 Phinehas son of Eleazar had been their leader in earlier times, and the Lord was with him. 21 Zechariah son of Meshelemiah was the guard at the entrance to the meeting tent.

22 All those selected to be gatekeepers at the entrances numbered 212. Their names were recorded in the genealogical records of their settlements. David and Samuel the prophet[fm] had appointed them to their positions.[fn] 23 They and their descendants were assigned to guard the gates of the Lord’s sanctuary (that is, the tabernacle).[fo] 24 The gatekeepers were posted on all four sides—east, west, north, and south. 25 Their relatives, who lived in their settlements, came from time to time and served with them for seven-day periods. 26 The four head gatekeepers, who were Levites, were assigned to guard the storerooms and treasuries in God’s sanctuary.[fp] 27 They would spend the night in their posts all around God’s sanctuary,[fq] for they were assigned to guard it and would open it with the key every morning. 28 Some of them were in charge of the articles used by those who served; they counted them when they brought them in and when they brought them out.[fr] 29 Some of them were in charge of the equipment and articles of the sanctuary,[fs] as well as the flour, wine, olive oil, incense, and spices. 30 (But some of the priests mixed the spices.) 31 Mattithiah, a Levite, the firstborn son[ft] of Shallum the Korahite, was in charge of baking the bread for offerings. 32 Some of the Kohathites, their relatives, were in charge of preparing the bread that is displayed each Sabbath.

33 The musicians and Levite family leaders stayed in rooms at the sanctuary[fu] and were exempt from other duties, for day and night they had to carry out their assigned tasks. 34 These were the family leaders of the Levites, as listed in their genealogical records. They lived in Jerusalem.

Jeiel’s Descendants

35 Jeiel (the father of Gibeon) lived in Gibeon. His wife[fv] was Maacah. 36 His firstborn son was Abdon, followed by Zur, Kish, Baal, Ner, Nadab, 37 Gedor, Ahio, Zechariah, and Mikloth. 38 Mikloth was the father of Shimeam. They also lived near their relatives in Jerusalem.[fw]

39 Ner was the father of Kish, and Kish was the father of Saul. Saul was the father of Jonathan, Malki-Shua, Abinadab, and Eshbaal.[fx]

40 The son of Jonathan:

Meribbaal,[fy] who was the father of Micah.

41 The sons of Micah:

Pithon, Melech, Tahrea, and Ahaz.[fz]

42 Ahaz was the father of Jarah,[ga] and Jarah was the father of Alemeth, Azmaveth, and Zimri. Zimri was the father of Moza, 43 and Moza was the father of Binea. His son was Rephaiah, whose son was Eleasah, whose son was Azel.

44 Azel had six sons: Azrikam his firstborn,[gb] followed by Ishmael, Sheariah, Obadiah, and Hanan. These were the sons of Azel.

Saul’s Death

10 Now the Philistines fought against Israel. The Israelites fled before the Philistines and many of them fell dead on Mount Gilboa. 2 The Philistines stayed right on the heels of[gc] Saul and his sons. They[gd] struck down Saul’s sons Jonathan, Abinadab, and Malki-Shua. 3 The battle was thick[ge] around Saul; the archers spotted him and wounded him.[gf] 4 Saul told his armor-bearer, “Draw your sword and stab me with it. Otherwise these uncircumcised people will come and torture me.”[gg] But his armor-bearer refused to do it, because he was very afraid. So Saul took the sword and fell on it. 5 When his armor-bearer saw that Saul was dead, he also fell on his sword and died. 6 So Saul and his three sons died; his whole household[gh] died together. 7 When all the Israelites who were in the valley saw that the army[gi] had fled and that Saul and his sons were dead, they abandoned their cities and fled. The Philistines came and occupied them.

8 The next day, when the Philistines came to strip loot from the corpses, they discovered Saul and his sons lying dead on Mount Gilboa. 9 They stripped his corpse, and then carried off his head and his armor. They sent messengers throughout the land of the Philistines proclaiming the news to their idols and their people. 10 They placed his armor in the temple of their gods[gj] and hung his head in the temple of Dagon. 11 When all the residents of Jabesh Gilead heard about everything the Philistines had done to Saul, 12 all the warriors went and recovered the bodies of Saul and his sons[gk] and brought them to Jabesh. They buried their remains[gl] under the oak tree in Jabesh and fasted for seven days.

13 So Saul died because he was unfaithful to the Lord and did not obey the Lord’s instructions; he even tried to conjure up underworld spirits.[gm] 14 He did not seek the Lord’s guidance, so the Lord[gn] killed him and transferred the kingdom to David son of Jesse.

Footnotes

  1. 1 Chronicles 2:1 tn The groupings in the list that follows, as well as the conjunctions (vav-consecutives in Hebrew), reflect those of the Hebrew text.
  2. 1 Chronicles 2:3 tn The name means “daughter of Shua.” Shua is identified in Gen 38:2 as a “Canaanite man.”
  3. 1 Chronicles 2:3 tn Heb “was evil in the eyes of the Lord, so he [i.e., the Lord] killed him [i.e., Er].”
  4. 1 Chronicles 2:4 tn Heb “his”; the referent (Judah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  5. 1 Chronicles 2:6 tc Many medieval Hebrew mss, some LXX mss, and Syriac read “Darda” (see 1 Kgs 4:31 ET = 1 Kgs 5:11 HT).
  6. 1 Chronicles 2:7 tn Heb “sons.” The Hebrew text has the plural, but only one son is listed.
  7. 1 Chronicles 2:7 tc The Hebrew text has “Achar,” which means “disaster,” but a few medieval Hebrew mss read “Achan.” See Josh 7:1.
  8. 1 Chronicles 2:7 tn Heb “the troubler of Israel who was unfaithful with respect to the devoted [things].”
  9. 1 Chronicles 2:8 tn Heb “sons.” The Hebrew text has the plural, but only one son is listed.
  10. 1 Chronicles 2:9 tn The Hebrew text has “Celubai,” but see v. 18, where Caleb is described as the son of Hezron.
  11. 1 Chronicles 2:11 tc The LXX reads “Salmon” (cf. Ruth 4:21) and is followed by some English versions (e.g., NIV, NCV, TEV, NLT).
  12. 1 Chronicles 2:16 tn In 2 Sam 2:18 this name appears as “Abishai,” a spelling followed by many English versions here.
  13. 1 Chronicles 2:18 tn Heb “and Caleb son of Hezron fathered [children] with Azubah, a wife, and with Jerioth.” Jerioth could be viewed as a second wife (so NLT; cf. also NASB, NIV, NRSV), but the following context mentions only “her [presumably Azubah’s] sons.” Another option, the one chosen in the translation, is that Jerioth is another name for Azubah.
  14. 1 Chronicles 2:19 tn Heb “took for himself.”
  15. 1 Chronicles 2:21 sn This means “later” in relation to the births of the three sons (Jerahmeel, Ram and Caleb) mentioned in v. 9.
  16. 1 Chronicles 2:21 tn The expression בּוֹא אֶל (boʾ ʾel) means “come to” or “approach,” but is also used as a euphemism for sexual relations.
  17. 1 Chronicles 2:21 tn Heb “he took,” referring to taking in marriage.
  18. 1 Chronicles 2:23 tn Or “Havvoth Jair” (NIV, NRSV). Some translations do not translate the phrase (“havvoth” = “the towns of”), but treat it as part of the place name.
  19. 1 Chronicles 2:24 tc Heb “And after the death of Hezron in Caleb Ephrathah, and the wife of Hezron, Abijah, and she bore to him Ashhur the father of Tekoa.” The translations assumes three diferences from the MT. 1) Where the MT preserves only the preposition ב (bet, “in”), the NET agrees with the text behind the LXX and Vulgate in reading בָּא ב (baʾ b-, “went to”). Caleb is thus the subject of the verb rather than an otherwise unattested place name, and Ephrath(a) is a reference to his wife (see vv. 19 and 50). A directional he on the end of Ephratha would be unusual on a personal name but the he also appears in v. 50 where it cannot be a directional he. Also the phrase בָּא ב is viewed as a euphemism for sexual relations, rather than a description of entering the town of Ephrath (or Bethlehem). 2) The ו (vav, “and”) is not read before “wife of Hezron.” 3) A ו (vav) is restored after אֲבִיָּה (ʾaviyyah, “Abijah”) to make אָבִיהוּ (ʾavihu, “his father”). This less common form of the noun with the suffix also occurs in 1 Chron 26:10 and 2 Chron 3:1. Thus “the wife of Hezron his father” is a descriptor of Caleb’s second wife, Ephrath. Some translations follow the MT on the first point to make Abijah the subject of the following verb as in “after Hezron died in Caleb Ephrathah, Abijah, Hezron’s wife, bore to him Ashhur, the father of Tekoa” (cf. NASB, NIV, NRSV). However, the preterite verb form cannot properly be preceded by its subject in this fashion. One would need to suppose that the phrase “and the wife of Hezron, Abijah” is not appositional but rather a parenthetic clause “and the wife of Hezron was Abijah.” R. Braun (1 Samuel [WBC], 40) is favorable to the idea that “the name of Hezron’s wife represents a misplaced gloss on v 21” (citing Williamson, JBL 98, 355). In the reading adopted here, this would mean that Caleb’s second wife, Ephrath, had actually been his late father’s wife (probably Caleb’s stepmother). Perhaps the text was subsequently altered because Caleb’s actions appeared improper in light of the injunctions in Lev 18:8; 20:11; Deut 22:30; 27:20 (which probably refer, however, to a son having sexual relations with his stepmother while his father is still alive).
  20. 1 Chronicles 2:31 tn Heb “sons.” The Hebrew text has the plural “sons” in all three instances in this verse, even though the following lists have only one name each.
  21. 1 Chronicles 2:42 tc Heb “and the sons of Mareshah,” but this does not fit contextually. Perhaps the text originally had וּבְנוֹ מִשְׁנֶה מָרֵשָׁה (uveno mishneh mareshah, “and his second son, Mareshah”), with מִשְׁנֶה (“second”) later accidentally falling out by homoioteleuton (cf. the note in BHS here).
  22. 1 Chronicles 2:46 sn See the note on the word “concubine” in 1:32.
  23. 1 Chronicles 2:50 tn Heb “son.” The Hebrew text has the singular, but the following list contains more than one name.
  24. 1 Chronicles 2:50 tn The Hebrew text reads “Ephrathah” here, but see v. 19, which mentions “Ephrath” as the wife of Caleb and mother of Hur.
  25. 1 Chronicles 2:52 tn The Hebrew text has “Menuchites” here, but v. 54 has “Manachathites.”
  26. 1 Chronicles 2:53 tn Heb “from these went forth the Zorathites and Eshtaolites.”
  27. 1 Chronicles 2:55 tn Or perhaps “the Sopherim.” The NAB transliterates this term and treats it as a proper name.
  28. 1 Chronicles 2:55 tn Heb “came.”
  29. 1 Chronicles 2:55 tn Or (if בֵּית [beth] is translated as “house” rather than considered to be part of the name) “the father of the house [i.e., family] of Rechab.”
  30. 1 Chronicles 3:3 tn Heb “his wife.”
  31. 1 Chronicles 3:4 tn Heb “him”; the referent (David) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  32. 1 Chronicles 3:5 tn “Shimea” (שִׁמְעָא, shimʿaʾ) is a variant spelling of “Shammua” (שַׁמּוּעַ, shammuaʿ; see 2 Sam 5:14). Some English versions use the spelling “Shammua” here (e.g., NIV, NCV).
  33. 1 Chronicles 3:5 tn Most Hebrew mss read “Bathshua” here, but 2 Sam 12:24 makes it clear Bathsheba was Solomon’s mother. “Bathsheba” is read by one Hebrew ms and the Vulgate. Many English translations (e.g., NAB, NIV, NLT) render the name “Bathsheba” to avoid confusion.
  34. 1 Chronicles 3:5 tn In 2 Sam 11:3 Bathsheba is called “the daughter of Eliam,” while here her father’s name is given as “Ammiel.”
  35. 1 Chronicles 3:6 tn All but two Hebrew mss read “Elishama” here, but 1 Chr 14:5 lists the name as “Elishua,” and is followed by a number of English versions here (e.g., NAB, NIV, NCV, TEV, CEV, NLT). Another son named “Elishama” is listed in 3:8.
  36. 1 Chronicles 3:6 tn The MT reads “Eliphelet” here, but 1 Chr 14:5 lists the name as “Elpelet” and is followed by some English versions here (e.g., TEV, NLT). Another son named “Eliphelet” is listed in 3:8.
  37. 1 Chronicles 3:9 sn See the note on the word “concubine” in 1:32.
  38. 1 Chronicles 3:11 sn Joram is a variant spelling of the name “Jehoram.”
  39. 1 Chronicles 3:16 tn Heb “Jeconiah,” a variation of the name “Jehoiachin” (also in v. 17).
  40. 1 Chronicles 3:17 tn Heb “prisoner.” Jehoiachin was carried off to Babylon as a prisoner. See 2 Chr 36:10.
  41. 1 Chronicles 4:9 tn In Hebrew the name יַעְבֵּץ (yaʿbets, “Jabez”) sounds like the noun עֹצֶב (ʿotsev) which means “pain.”
  42. 1 Chronicles 4:10 tn Here the word אִם (ʾim, “if only”) begins an oath formula (see HALOT 60 s.v. and GKC 151e, 159dd, 167a). A full reporting of the oath would include both the request made of God and the promise made to God (cf. Gen 28:20; Num 21:2; Judg 11:30; 1 Sam 1:11; 2 Sam 15:8; Ps 81:9-14). Jabez’ promise is not recorded here, only that God granted his request. Perhaps Jabez’ vow in return had not been preserved by tradition and so the author could not include it, or perhaps those details were simply less important to the purpose of the book. Likely the author wants to emphasize to the post-exilic community (the original audience of the book) that God answers prayer, including concerns for their borders. That God granted his request implies that Jabez was faithful to his vow, so that his destiny was different than the expectation arising from his namesake. This should challenge the audience to consider their own faithfulness to God.
  43. 1 Chronicles 4:10 sn It is not certain whether the person Jabez should be connected with the town Jabez mentioned in 1 Chr 2:55. If Jabez were the head of the town (“more respected than his brothers” v. 9), then the request for an enlarged territory would not be a simple request for his own benefit, but an example of a leader of character whose faithfulness to God benefits those under his leadership.
  44. 1 Chronicles 4:10 tc The Hebrew text is difficult. As it stands in the MT, it says “and do some harm so that I might not be hurt.” When directly modifying עָשָׂה (ʿasah; “to do”), the preposition מִן (min; “from,”) can indicate the source or type of action, hence “do some harm” (cf. Lev 4:22; 18:30). But this makes little sense in context unless we suppose with no other basis that it refers to harming enemies. There is no other example of the privative use of מִן (min) with the verb עָשָׂה (ʿasah), which would have meant “act so as to prevent” harm. And one expects it would be confusing to use מִן (min) for both the type of action done and the type of action excluded or prevented. On the basis of a parallel to Isa 26:18, BHS suggests inserting יְשׁוּעָתִי (yeshuati; “my salvation”) on the possibility that it was omitted by haplography (as “do” and “my salvation,” עָשִׂיתָ and יְשׁוּעָתִי, share similar consonants). This would mean “perform my salvation from harm.” Instead of מֵרָעָה (meraʿah; “from harm”), the LXX has γνῶσιν (gnosin; “knowledge”) which normally stands for Hebrew דַעַת (daʿat) or דֵעָה (deʿah) “knowledge; wisdom,” implying a simple confusion of dalet (ד) and resh (ר). The Greek text says “do/produce wisdom so that I will not be humiliated,” though the Hebrew behind this would be “act wisely so that I will not be grieved.” Rather than ask God to act wisely, we might suppose that the verb was first singular “may your hand be with me so that I may act wisely in order to not be grieved.” This would involve the loss of a yod at the end of the verb, which matches the verbal forms preceding it. Finally one might suppose that instead of רָעָה (raʿah; “harm”), some form of the root of רֵעָה (reʿah; “friend”) was original, meaning something like, “act from friendship…” but there is no direct parallel for this.
  45. 1 Chronicles 4:10 tn Heb “and God brought about what he had asked.”
  46. 1 Chronicles 4:12 tn Or “of the city of Nahash.”
  47. 1 Chronicles 4:13 tc “Meonothai” is read here by some mss of the LXX, along with the Vulgate. The name apparently was dropped from the Hebrew text by haplography. Note that the name appears at the beginning of the next verse as well.
  48. 1 Chronicles 4:14 tn Heb “Ge-harashim,” which could be left untranslated as a place name.
  49. 1 Chronicles 4:15 tn Heb “and the sons of Elah and Kenaz.” Kenaz was actually the son of Elah.
  50. 1 Chronicles 4:17 tn The Hebrew text has simply, “and she gave birth to,” without identifying the subject. The words “Mered’s wife Bithiah” are added in the translation for clarification. See v. 18b, which mentions “Bethiah, whom Mered married.”
  51. 1 Chronicles 4:18 tn Heb “took,” referring to taking in marriage.
  52. 1 Chronicles 4:20 tn Or “and the son of Zoheth” (NAB). The word בֶּן (ben) in Hebrew means “son [of].”
  53. 1 Chronicles 4:22 tn Heb “and the words are old.”
  54. 1 Chronicles 4:23 tn Heb “and those who lived in Netaim and Gederah; with the king in his work they lived there.”
  55. 1 Chronicles 4:33 tc Some LXX mss read “Baalath” (cf. Josh 19:8). This is followed by some English versions (e.g., NIV, NCV, TEV, NLT).
  56. 1 Chronicles 4:34 tn The words “their clan leaders were” are added in the translation for clarification. See v. 38a, which makes this clear.
  57. 1 Chronicles 4:41 tn The Hebrew text reads “their tents,” apparently referring to those of the Hamites mentioned at the end of v. 40. Some prefer to emend the text to read, “the tents of Ham.”
  58. 1 Chronicles 4:41 tn Heb “and they lived in place of them.”
  59. 1 Chronicles 4:43 tn Heb “and struck down the remnant that had escaped belonging to Amalek.”
  60. 1 Chronicles 5:1 sn The phrase when he defiled his father’s bed refers to Reuben having sexual relations with his father Jacob’s concubine Bilhah. This incident is recorded in Gen 35:22.
  61. 1 Chronicles 5:1 tn Heb “and not to be listed in the genealogical records as (having) the right of the firstborn.”
  62. 1 Chronicles 5:2 tn Heb “and [one] for a leader [was] from him.” This probably refers to the Davidic king.
  63. 1 Chronicles 5:6 tn Heb “Tilgath-Pilneser,” a variant spelling of Tiglath-Pileser (also in v. 26).
  64. 1 Chronicles 5:6 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Beerah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  65. 1 Chronicles 5:10 tn Heb “and in the days of Saul they made war with the Hagrites and they fell by their hand and they lived in their tents unto all the face of the east of Gilead.”
  66. 1 Chronicles 5:13 tn Heb “and their brothers by the house of their fathers.”
  67. 1 Chronicles 5:15 tn Heb “was the head of the house of their fathers.”
  68. 1 Chronicles 5:16 tn Heb “unto their extremities.”
  69. 1 Chronicles 5:18 tn Heb “the sons of Reuben and the Gadites and half of the tribe of Manasseh, from the sons of bravery, men carrying a shield and sword and treading a bow and trained for war, 44,760 going out for warfare.”
  70. 1 Chronicles 5:19 tn Heb “made war with.”
  71. 1 Chronicles 5:20 tn Heb “and they were helped against them and they were given over into their hand, the Hagrites and all who were with them, for to God they cried out in the battle and he was entreated [or “allowed himself to be entreated”] by them for they trusted in him.”
  72. 1 Chronicles 5:21 tn Heb “their”; the referent (the Hagrites) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  73. 1 Chronicles 5:22 tn Heb “from God [was] the battle.”
  74. 1 Chronicles 5:22 tn Heb “many slain fell.”
  75. 1 Chronicles 5:22 tn Heb “and they lived in place of them until the exile.” The referent of “them” (the Hagrites) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  76. 1 Chronicles 5:24 tn Heb “and these [were] the heads of the house of their fathers.”
  77. 1 Chronicles 5:24 tn Heb “men of names.”
  78. 1 Chronicles 5:25 tn Heb “fathers.”
  79. 1 Chronicles 5:25 tn Heb “prostituted themselves after.”
  80. 1 Chronicles 5:25 tn Heb “the peoples of the land.”
  81. 1 Chronicles 5:26 tn Heb “stirred up the spirit of.”
  82. 1 Chronicles 5:26 tn Heb “and the spirit of Tilgath-Pilneser king of Assyria.” “Pul” and “Tilgath-Pilneser” were names of the same Assyrian ruler, more commonly known as Tiglath-Pileser (cf. 2 Kgs 15:29).
  83. 1 Chronicles 6:1 sn Beginning with 6:1, the verse numbers through 6:81 in the English Bible differ from the verse numbers in the Hebrew text (BHS), with 6:1 ET = 5:27 HT, 6:2 ET = 5:28 HT, 6:16 ET = 6:1 HT, etc., through 6:81 ET = 6:66 HT. Beginning with 7:1 the verse numbers in the ET and HT are again the same.
  84. 1 Chronicles 6:15 tn The words “the people of” are added in the translation for clarification.
  85. 1 Chronicles 6:16 sn Chapter 6 of 1 Chr begins here in the Hebrew text; 6:16-81 ET = 6:1-66 HT. See the note at 6:1.
  86. 1 Chronicles 6:16 tn The name “Gershom” (also in vv. 17, 20, 43, 62, 71) appears as “Gershon” in 1 Chr 6:1.
  87. 1 Chronicles 6:19 tn Heb “by their fathers.”
  88. 1 Chronicles 6:22 tn Or perhaps, “descendants,” since the list differs from the one in v. 18.
  89. 1 Chronicles 6:25 tn Heb “and Achimoth.”
  90. 1 Chronicles 6:26 tc The consonantal Hebrew text (Kethib) has, “Elkanah, his son, Elkanah.” The marginal reading (Qere) is “Elkanah, the sons of Elkanah.” The text probably originally read simply, “Elkanah his son.”
  91. 1 Chronicles 6:27 tc After the last named individual (“Elkanah” in v. 27) some LXX mss insert the words “Samuel his son” to facilitate a transition to the following verse, which begins “and the sons of Samuel.” Among the English versions that include this added phrase are NAB, NIV, and NLT.
  92. 1 Chronicles 6:28 tc The Hebrew text lacks the name יוֹאֵל (yoʾel, “Joel”), which has probably dropped out due to homoioteleuton (note the last three letters of the preceding name שְׁמוּאֵל (shemuel, “Samuel”).
  93. 1 Chronicles 6:31 tn Heb “house.”
  94. 1 Chronicles 6:32 tn Heb “they were serving…with music.”
  95. 1 Chronicles 6:32 tn Or traditionally “tabernacle.”
  96. 1 Chronicles 6:39 tn Heb “and his brother Asaph, the one who stood at his right hand.”
  97. 1 Chronicles 6:40 tc A few Hebrew mss, one LXX ms, and the Syriac read “Maaseiah.”
  98. 1 Chronicles 6:44 tn Heb “and the sons of Merari, their brothers, on the left.”
  99. 1 Chronicles 6:48 tn Heb “their brothers, the Levites.”
  100. 1 Chronicles 6:48 tn Heb “were assigned to all the work of the tabernacle of the house of God.”
  101. 1 Chronicles 6:49 tn Heb “for all the work of the holy of holies.”
  102. 1 Chronicles 6:49 tn Heb “making atonement for Israel according to all which Moses the servant of God commanded.”
  103. 1 Chronicles 6:54 tn Heb “and these were their dwelling places according to their encampments in their territory to the sons of Aaron.”
  104. 1 Chronicles 6:54 tn Heb “to the clan of the Kohathites for to them was the lot.”
  105. 1 Chronicles 6:57 tn The parallel account in Josh 21:13 has the singular “city,” which apparently refers only to Hebron.
  106. 1 Chronicles 6:58 tc The MT reads “Hilez” here; the place name appears as “Holon” in Josh 21:15.
  107. 1 Chronicles 6:59 tc The MT reads “Ashan” here; the place name appears as “Ain” in Josh 21:16.
  108. 1 Chronicles 6:59 tc The LXX and Syriac (following the parallel list in Josh 21:16) add “Juttah and its pasturelands” here. Cf. NAB “Jetta”; also NIV, NCV, NLT “Juttah.”
  109. 1 Chronicles 6:60 tn The parallel passage in Josh 21:17 adds “Gibeon and its pasturelands” (cf. NAB, NIV, NCV, NLT). The words “they were allotted” are supplied in the translation for both clarity and stylistic reasons.
  110. 1 Chronicles 6:61 tn Heb “to the sons of Kohath who were left from the clan of the tribe, from the half of the tribe of the half of Manasseh by lot ten cities.”
  111. 1 Chronicles 6:62 tn Heb “and to the sons of Gershom by their clans from the tribe of Issachar, and from the tribe of Asher, and from the tribe of Naphtali, and from the tribe of Manasseh in Bashan, thirteen cities.”
  112. 1 Chronicles 6:63 tn Heb “and to the sons of Merari by their clans from the tribe of Reuben, and from the tribe of Gad, and from the tribe of Zebulun by lot, twelve cities.”
  113. 1 Chronicles 6:65 tn Heb “and they gave by lot from the tribe of the sons of Judah, and from the tribe of the sons of Simeon, and from the tribe of the sons of Benjamin these cities, which they called them by names.”
  114. 1 Chronicles 6:66 tn Heb “and from [it is probably preferable to read “to” here] the clans of the sons of Kohath and there were the cities of their territory from the tribe of Ephraim.”
  115. 1 Chronicles 6:67 tn The parallel account in Josh 21:21 has the singular “city,” referring only to Shechem.
  116. 1 Chronicles 6:70 tn Heb “and from the half of the tribe of Manasseh, Aner and its pasturelands and Bileam and its pasturelands to the clan, to the sons of Kohath who were left.”
  117. 1 Chronicles 6:71 tn Heb “to the sons of Gershom.”
  118. 1 Chronicles 6:77 tn Heb “to the sons of Merari, who were left.”
  119. 1 Chronicles 6:77 tc Before “Rimmono” the LXX (following the parallel passage in Josh 21:34) adds “Jokneam and its pasturelands, Kartah and its pasturelands.” This addition is included in some English versions (e.g., NAB, NIV, NCV, NLT).
  120. 1 Chronicles 6:78 tn Heb “and from across the Jordan at Jericho, on the east of the Jordan, from the tribe of Reuben.” The word “River” is supplied in the translation for clarity.
  121. 1 Chronicles 7:2 tn Many English versions spell this name “Ibsam.”
  122. 1 Chronicles 7:2 tn Many English versions retain a form of this name closer to the Hebrew, i.e., “Shemuel.”
  123. 1 Chronicles 7:2 tn Heb “heads of the house of their fathers.”
  124. 1 Chronicles 7:2 tn Heb “to Tola [there were] warriors by their generations, their number in the days of David [was] 22,600.”
  125. 1 Chronicles 7:3 tn The Hebrew text has the plural “sons,” but only one son is listed.
  126. 1 Chronicles 7:4 tn Heb “and unto them by their generations to the house of their fathers [were] troops of war of battle, 36,000, for they had many wives and sons.”
  127. 1 Chronicles 7:5 tn Heb “and their brothers, according to all the clans of Issachar, the warriors [were] 87,000 listed in the genealogical records for all.”
  128. 1 Chronicles 7:6 tc The Hebrew text has simply “Benjamin,” but בְּנֵי (bene, “sons of”) has dropped out by haplography (בְּנֵי בִּנְיָמִן, bene binyamin).
  129. 1 Chronicles 7:10 tn The Hebrew text has the plural “sons,” but only one son is listed.
  130. 1 Chronicles 7:12 tn The name “Aher” appears as “Ahiram” in Num 26:38.
  131. 1 Chronicles 7:13 tn The name “Jahziel” appears as “Jahzeel” in Gen 46:24.
  132. 1 Chronicles 7:13 tc Most Hebrew mss read “Shallum”; some Hebrew mss and some LXX mss read “Shillem,” the form of the name that appears in Gen 46:24 and Num 26:49.
  133. 1 Chronicles 7:14 sn See the note on the word “concubine” in 1:32.
  134. 1 Chronicles 7:15 tn Some translations treat the terms שֻׁפִּים (shuppim) and חֻפִּים (khuppim) as proper names of individuals (“Huppim” and “Shuppim”), but others consider these forms to be plurals and refer to tribal or clan names.
  135. 1 Chronicles 7:15 tn Heb “and the name of the second was Zelophehad.”
  136. 1 Chronicles 7:17 tn The Hebrew text has the plural “sons,” but only one son is listed.
  137. 1 Chronicles 7:23 tn The expression בּוֹא אֶל (boʾ ʾel) means “come to” or “approach,” but is also used as a euphemism for sexual relations.
  138. 1 Chronicles 7:23 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Ephraim) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  139. 1 Chronicles 7:23 tn Heb “because in tragedy there had come to his house.” The preposition prefixed to רָעָה (raʿah) should probably be omitted. The Hebrew noun רָעָה (“tragedy”) should be understood as the subject of the feminine verb form that follows.
  140. 1 Chronicles 7:25 tn The antecedent of the pronoun “his” is not clear. The translation assumes that v. 25 resumes the list of Ephraim’s descendants (see vv. 20-21a) after a lengthy parenthesis (vv. 21b-24).
  141. 1 Chronicles 7:25 tc The Hebrew text has simply “Resheph,” but the phrase “his son” has probably been accidentally omitted, since the names before and after this one include the phrase.
  142. 1 Chronicles 7:27 tn Heb “Non” (so KJV, NASB; cf. Exod 33:11, where the more familiar spelling “Nun” occurs).
  143. 1 Chronicles 7:29 tn “Beth Shean” is a variant spelling of “Beth Shan.”
  144. 1 Chronicles 7:34 tc The Hebrew text has אֲחִי (ʾakhi, “the brother of”), but this should probably be emended to אֲחִיו (ʾakhiv, “his brother”). Cf. v. 35. Most English versions treat this Hebrew word as a proper name (“Ahi”) and list it before “Rohgah.”
  145. 1 Chronicles 7:34 tn Or “Shomer,” cf. v. 32.
  146. 1 Chronicles 7:34 tc “Hubbah” is the marginal reading (Qere); the consonantal text (Kethib) has “Jachbah.”
  147. 1 Chronicles 7:35 tn Or “Hotham,” cf. v. 32.
  148. 1 Chronicles 7:37 tn The name “Ithran” is sometimes understood to be another name for “Jether” (v. 38).
  149. 1 Chronicles 7:40 tn Heb “all these were the sons of Asher, heads of the house of the fathers, selected, warriors, heads of the leaders, and there was listed in the genealogical records in war, in battle, their number, men, 26,000.”
  150. 1 Chronicles 8:1 sn Aharah is called “Ahiram” in Num 26:38.
  151. 1 Chronicles 8:7 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Gera) has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
  152. 1 Chronicles 8:29 tc Some LXX mss supply the name “Jeiel,” which is not in the MT (cf. 1 Chr 9:35). The addition of the name here is followed by many English versions (e.g., ASV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT).
  153. 1 Chronicles 8:30 tc Some LXX mss add “Ner” here (cf. 1 Chr 9:36 and v. 33 below, where Ner is mentioned as the father of Kish). The form וְנֵר (vener) could have been accidentally omitted by homoioarcton since each name in the list has the conjunction prefixed to it. Some English versions follow the LXX here and add “Ner” (e.g., NAB, NIV, NLT).
  154. 1 Chronicles 8:31 tc The Hebrew text omits the name “Mikloth,” but it may have fallen out accidentally by haplography. Note that the name immediately follows at the beginning of v. 32; cf. NAB.
  155. 1 Chronicles 8:32 tn Heb “and also they, opposite their brothers, lived in Jerusalem with their brothers.” This redundancy has been removed in the translation.
  156. 1 Chronicles 8:33 sn Eshbaal is called “Ishbosheth” in 2 Sam 2:8.
  157. 1 Chronicles 8:34 sn Meribbaal is called “Mephibosheth” in 2 Sam 4:4.
  158. 1 Chronicles 8:38 tn Heb “sons and these were their names.”
  159. 1 Chronicles 8:38 tc The Hebrew text has בֹּכְרוּ (bokheru), which some understand as a name: “Bocheru” (so, e.g., NEB, NASB, NIV, NRSV). But the form should probably be revocalized בְּכֹרוֹ (bekhoro, “his firstborn”). A name has accidentally dropped from the list, and a scribe apparently read בֹּכְרוּ as one of the names.
  160. 1 Chronicles 8:38 tc The Lucianic recension of the LXX inserts another name here, καὶ Ἀζαριας (kai Azarias, “and Azariah”), presumably to make up the six sons mentioned at the beginning of the verse (see the previous tc note on “firstborn”). Cf. NAB.
  161. 1 Chronicles 8:40 tn Heb “and the sons of Ulam were men, warriors and treaders of a bow.”
  162. 1 Chronicles 9:1 tn The Hebrew text has simply “Judah,” though the verb הָגְלוּ (hoglu, “carried away”) is plural.
  163. 1 Chronicles 9:2 tn Heb “and the inhabitants, the first who [were] in their property in their cities, Israel, the priests, the Levites, and the temple servants.”
  164. 1 Chronicles 9:4 tn The words “the settlers included” are supplied in the translation for clarity and for stylistic reasons.
  165. 1 Chronicles 9:9 tn Heb “and all these men were heads of fathers for the house of their fathers.”
  166. 1 Chronicles 9:13 tn Heb “capable [for] the work of the task of the house of God.”
  167. 1 Chronicles 9:19 tn Heb “and his brothers belonging to the house of his father, the Korachites, to the work of the task, guardians of the threshold of the tent.”
  168. 1 Chronicles 9:19 tn Heb “and their fathers to the camp of the Lord, guardians of the entrance.” Here “fathers” is used in a more general sense of “forefathers” or “ancestors” and is not limited specifically to their fathers only.
  169. 1 Chronicles 9:22 tn The Hebrew term is רֹאֶה (roʾeh, “seer”), an older word for נָבִיא (naviʾ, “prophet”).
  170. 1 Chronicles 9:22 tn Heb “they—David appointed, and Samuel the seer, in their position.”
  171. 1 Chronicles 9:23 tn Heb “and they and their sons to the gates of the house of the Lord, of the house of the tent, [were assigned] as guards.”
  172. 1 Chronicles 9:26 tn Heb “in the house of God.”
  173. 1 Chronicles 9:27 tn Heb “in the house of God.”
  174. 1 Chronicles 9:28 tn Heb “and from them over the articles of the task, for by number they would bring them in, and by number they would bring them out.”
  175. 1 Chronicles 9:29 tn Heb “holy place.”
  176. 1 Chronicles 9:31 tn The word “son” is not in the Hebrew text, but is implied.
  177. 1 Chronicles 9:33 tn Heb “were in rooms.” The words “at the sanctuary” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
  178. 1 Chronicles 9:35 tn Heb “The name of his wife.”
  179. 1 Chronicles 9:38 tn Heb “and also they, opposite their brothers, lived in Jerusalem with their brothers.” This redundancy has been removed in the translation.
  180. 1 Chronicles 9:39 sn Eshbaal is called “Ishbosheth” in 2 Sam 2:8.
  181. 1 Chronicles 9:40 sn Meribbaal is called “Mephibosheth” in 2 Sam 4:4.
  182. 1 Chronicles 9:41 tc The name “Ahaz” is included in the Vulgate and Syriac, but omitted in the MT. It probably was accidentally omitted by haplography. Note that the name appears at the beginning of the next verse. Cf. also 8:35.
  183. 1 Chronicles 9:42 tc So MT; some Hebrew mss and the LXX read “Jadah” (cf. NIV, NCV, NLT) while in 8:36 the name “Jehoaddah’ appears (cf. NAB).
  184. 1 Chronicles 9:44 tc The Hebrew text has בֹּכְרוּ (bokheru), which some understand as a name: “Bocheru” (so, e.g., NEB, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT). But the form should probably be revocalized בְֹּכרוֹ (bekhoro, “his firstborn”). A name has accidentally dropped from the list, and a scribe apparently read בֹּכְרוּ as one of the names. Cf. also 1 Chr 8:38.
  185. 1 Chronicles 10:2 tn Heb “stuck close after.”
  186. 1 Chronicles 10:2 tn Heb “the Philistines.” The translation has substituted the pronoun “they” to avoid redundancy.
  187. 1 Chronicles 10:3 tn Heb “heavy.”
  188. 1 Chronicles 10:3 tn Heb “and they found him, the ones who shoot with the bow, and he was in pain from the ones shooting.”
  189. 1 Chronicles 10:4 tn Heb “so these uncircumcised ones might not come and abuse me.”
  190. 1 Chronicles 10:6 tn Heb “all his house.” This is probably to be understood as a general summary statement. It could include other males in Saul’s household besides his three sons, cf. 1 Sam 31:6. If it refers only to the male members of his household who would have stood in succession to the throne (cf. NLT, “bringing his dynasty to an end,”) even here there is an exception, since one of Saul’s sons, Eshbaal (or “Ishbosheth” in 2 Sam 2:8) was not killed in the battle and became king over Israel, which he ruled for two years (2 Sam 2:10) until he was assassinated by Rechab and Baanah (2 Sam 4:5-6). The tribe of Judah never acknowledged Ishbosheth as king; instead they followed David (2 Sam 2:10).
  191. 1 Chronicles 10:7 tn Heb “they”; the referent (the army) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  192. 1 Chronicles 10:10 tn Or “god.” The Hebrew term may be translated as singular or plural depending on the context.
  193. 1 Chronicles 10:12 tn Heb “arose and carried away the corpse of Saul and the corpses of his sons.”
  194. 1 Chronicles 10:12 tn Heb “their bones.”
  195. 1 Chronicles 10:13 tn Heb “and Saul died in his unfaithfulness by which he acted unfaithfully against the Lord, concerning the Lord’s message which he did not keep, also to inquire of a medium to seek [an oracle].” The LXX adds “and the prophet Samuel answered him.” The text alludes to the incident recorded in 1 Sam 28.
  196. 1 Chronicles 10:14 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the Lord) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
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