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1 Samuel 20
Christian Standard Bible

Jonathan Protects David

20 David fled from Naioth in Ramah and came to Jonathan and asked, “What have I done?(A) What did I do wrong? How have I sinned against your father so that he wants to take my life?”

2 Jonathan said to him, “No, you won’t die. Listen, my father doesn’t do anything, great or small, without telling me. So why would he hide this matter from me? This can’t be true.”

3 But David said, “Your father certainly knows that I have found favor with you. He has said, ‘Jonathan must not know of this, or else he will be grieved.’” David also swore, “As surely as the Lord lives and as you yourself live, there is but a step between me and death.”(B)

4 Jonathan said to David, “Whatever you say, I will do for you.”

5 So David told him, “Look, tomorrow is the New Moon,(C) and I’m supposed to sit down and eat with the king.(D) Instead, let me go, and I’ll hide in the countryside for the next two nights.[a](E) 6 If your father misses me at all, say, ‘David urgently requested my permission to go quickly to his hometown, Bethlehem,(F) for an annual sacrifice(G) there involving the whole clan.’ 7 If he says, ‘Good,’ then your servant is safe, but if he becomes angry, you will know he has evil intentions. 8 Deal kindly with[b] your servant, for you have brought me into a covenant with you before the Lord.(H) If I have done anything wrong,(I) then kill me yourself; why take me to your father?”

9 “No!” Jonathan responded. “If I ever find out my father has evil intentions against you, wouldn’t I tell you about it?”

10 So David asked Jonathan, “Who will tell me if your father answers you harshly?”

11 He answered David, “Come on, let’s go out to the countryside.” So both of them went out to the countryside. 12 “By the Lord, the God of Israel, I will sound out my father by this time tomorrow or the next day. If I find out that he is favorable toward you, will I not send for you and tell you? 13 If my father intends to bring evil on you, may the Lord punish Jonathan and do so severely(J) if I do not tell you and send you away so you may leave safely. May the Lord be with you,(K) just as he was with my father. 14 If I continue to live, show me kindness[c] from the Lord, but if I die, 15 don’t ever withdraw your kindness from my household—not even when the Lord cuts off every one of David’s enemies from the face of the earth.”(L) 16 Then Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David,(M) saying, “May the Lord hold David’s enemies accountable.”[d](N) 17 Jonathan once again swore to David[e] in his love for him, because he loved him as he loved himself.(O)

18 Then Jonathan said to him, “Tomorrow is the New Moon;(P) you’ll be missed because your seat will be empty. 19 The following day hurry down and go to the place where you hid on the day this incident began and stay beside the rock Ezel. 20 I will shoot three arrows beside it as if I’m aiming at a target. 21 Then I will send a servant and say, ‘Go and find the arrows!’ Now, if I expressly say to the servant, ‘Look, the arrows are on this side of you—get them,’ then come, because as the Lord lives, it is safe for you and there is no problem. 22 But if I say this to the youth, ‘Look, the arrows are beyond you!’ (Q) then go, for the Lord is sending you away. 23 As for the matter you and I have spoken about,(R) the Lord will be a witness[f] between you and me forever.”(S) 24 So David hid in the countryside.

At the New Moon, the king sat down to eat the meal. 25 He sat at his usual place on the seat by the wall. Jonathan sat facing him[g] and Abner took his place beside Saul, but David’s place was empty.(T) 26 Saul did not say anything that day because he thought, “Something unexpected has happened; he must be ceremonially unclean—yes, that’s it, he is unclean.”(U)

27 However, the day after the New Moon, the second day, David’s place was still empty, and Saul asked his son Jonathan, “Why didn’t Jesse’s son come to the meal either yesterday or today?”

28 Jonathan answered, “David asked for my permission to go to Bethlehem.(V) 29 He said, ‘Please let me go because our clan is holding a sacrifice in the town, and my brother has told me to be there. So now, if I have found favor with you, let me go so I can see my brothers.’ That’s why he didn’t come to the king’s table.”

30 Then Saul became angry with Jonathan and shouted, “You son of a perverse and rebellious woman! Don’t I know that you are siding with Jesse’s son to your own shame and to the disgrace of your mother?[h] 31 Every day Jesse’s son lives on earth you and your kingship are not secure. Now send for him and bring him to me—he must die!” (W)

32 Jonathan answered his father back, “Why is he to be killed? What has he done?” (X)

33 Then Saul threw his spear at Jonathan to kill him,(Y) so he knew that his father was determined to kill David.(Z) 34 He got up from the table fiercely angry and did not eat any food that second day of the New Moon, for he was grieved because of his father’s shameful behavior toward David.

35 In the morning Jonathan went out to the countryside for the appointed meeting with David. A young servant was with him. 36 He said to the servant, “Run and find the arrows I’m shooting.”(AA) As the servant ran, Jonathan shot an arrow beyond him. 37 He came to the location of the arrow that Jonathan had shot, but Jonathan called to him and said, “The arrow is beyond you, isn’t it?” (AB) 38 Then Jonathan called to him, “Hurry up and don’t stop!” Jonathan’s servant picked up the arrow and returned to his master. 39 He did not know anything; only Jonathan and David knew the arrangement. 40 Then Jonathan gave his equipment to the servant who was with him and said, “Go, take it back to the city.”

41 When the servant had gone, David got up from the south side of the stone Ezel, fell facedown to the ground, and paid homage three times.(AC) Then he and Jonathan kissed each other and wept with each other, though David wept more.(AD)

42 Jonathan then said to David, “Go in the assurance the two of us pledged in the name of the Lord when we said, ‘The Lord will be a witness between you and me and between my offspring and your offspring forever.’”(AE) Then David left, and Jonathan went into the city.

Footnotes

  1. 20:5 Lit countryside until the third night
  2. 20:8 Or Show loyalty to
  3. 20:14 Or loyalty, also in v. 15
  4. 20:16 Lit Lord require it from the hand of David’s enemies
  5. 20:17 LXX; MT reads Jonathan once again made David swear
  6. 20:23 LXX; MT omits a witness
  7. 20:25 Text emended; MT reads Jonathan got up
  8. 20:30 Lit your mother’s nakedness
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1 Samuel 20
International Standard Version

David and Jonathan’s Discussion

20 David fled from Naioth in Ramah. He came to Jonathan and said, “What have I done? What is my crime, and how have I wronged your father so that he’s determined to kill me?[a]

2 Jonathan[b] told him, “Far from it! You won’t die. Look, my father never does anything, great or small, without telling me;[c] so why should my father hide this thing from me? It’s not like that!”

3 David again took an oath: “Your father certainly knows that I’ve found favor with you, and so he told himself,[d] ‘Jonathan must not know this so he won’t be upset.’ But as certainly as the Lord is alive and living, and as certainly as I’m alive and living, too, there is only a step between me and death.”

4 Jonathan told David, “Whatever you say, I’ll do.”

5 David told Jonathan, “Look, the New Moon is tomorrow, and I’m expected to sit down with the king to eat. Let me go so I can hide in the field until the evening of the day after tomorrow.[e] 6 If your father actually notices that I’m not there,[f] then you are to say, ‘David urgently requested that I allow him to run to his hometown of Bethlehem because the yearly sacrifice for the entire family was taking place there.’ 7 If he says, ‘Good,’ then your servant will be safe.[g] But if he actually gets angry, you will know that his intentions are evil.[h] 8 Now, show gracious kindness to your servant because you have entered into a sacred covenant[i] with your servant. If there is iniquity in me, then kill me yourself—why should you bring me to your father?”

9 “Nonsense!” Jonathan replied. “If I actually knew that my father intended evil against you, wouldn’t I tell you about it?”

10 Then David told Jonathan, “Who will tell me if your father answers you harshly?”

David and Jonathan Make a Covenant

11 Then Jonathan told David, “Come, let’s go into the field.” So the two of them went into the field. 12 Jonathan told David, “The Lord God of Israel is my witness[j] that I’ll carefully question my father by tomorrow or the next day. And if the response[k] is favorable for David, will I not then send word[l] to you and let you know?[m] 13 But if my father intends to harm you, may the Lord strike me dead[n] if I don’t let you know and send you away so you may go safely. May the Lord be with you as he has been with my father. 14 If I remain alive, don’t fail to show me the Lord’s gracious love so that I don’t die. 15 And don’t stop showing your gracious love to my family forever, not even when the Lord eliminates each of David’s enemies from the surface of the earth.” 16 Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David: “May the Lord punish any violation of this covenant by the hand of David’s enemies.”[o] 17 Jonathan made David vow again out of his love for him, because he loved him as himself.

Jonathan’s Signal to David

18 Jonathan told him, “Tomorrow is the New Moon, and you will be missed because your seat is empty. 19 On the third day go down quickly and come to the place where you hid earlier.[p] Remain beside the rock at Ezel. 20 I’ll shoot three arrows to the side of the rock[q] as though I were shooting at a target. 21 Then I’ll send a servant,[r] saying,[s] ‘Go, find the arrows.’ If I specifically say to the servant,[t] ‘Look, the arrows are on this side of you, get them,’ then come out because it’s safe for you, and, as surely as the Lord lives, there is no danger.[u] 22 But if I say this to the young man: ‘Look, the arrows are beyond you,’ then go, for the Lord has sent you away. 23 As for the matter about which you and I spoke, remember that[v] the Lord is a witness[w] between us forever.”

Jonathan Intercedes for David

24 David hid in the field. When the New Moon arrived, the king sat down to eat. 25 The king sat down at his place as before, in the seat by the wall. Jonathan stood while Abner sat next to Saul, but David’s place was empty. 26 Saul didn’t say anything that day because he told himself,[x] “Something has happened; he’s unclean; surely he’s not clean.”

27 But the next day, on the second day of the New Moon, David’s place was empty, and so Saul told his son Jonathan, “Why didn’t Jesse’s son come to the festival, either yesterday or today?”

28 Jonathan answered Saul, “David urgently requested that I let him go to Bethlehem. 29 He said, ‘Please let me go because our family has a sacrifice in the town, and my brother has ordered me to come. Now, if it’s acceptable to you,[y] please let me get away so I can see my brothers.’ That’s the reason he didn’t come to the king’s table.”

Saul’s Anger toward Jonathan

30 Saul flew into a rage and told Jonathan, “You son of a perverse and rebellious woman! Don’t I know that you have chosen Jesse’s son to your shame and to the shame of your mother who bore you?[z] 31 As long as[aa] Jesse’s son lives on the earth, neither you nor your kingdom will be established! Now send someone and bring David[ab] to me. He’s a dead man!”

32 Jonathan asked his father Saul, “Why should he be killed? What did he do?” 33 Then Saul threw the spear that was beside him to strike Jonathan[ac] down. So Jonathan realized that his father was determined to kill David. 34 So on the second day of the New Moon Jonathan angrily got up from the table without eating because he was upset about David, and because his father had humiliated him.

Jonathan Warns David

35 In the morning Jonathan, accompanied by a servant,[ad] went out to the field for the appointment with David. 36 Jonathan[ae] told his servant,[af] “Run, find the arrows that I’m shooting.” As the servant[ag] ran, Jonathan[ah] shot the arrow beyond him. 37 The servant[ai] came to the place where Jonathan had shot it, and Jonathan called out to him,[aj] “The arrow is beyond you, isn’t it?” 38 Jonathan called out to the servant,[ak] “Hurry, be quick, don’t stand around.” Jonathan’s servant[al] picked up the arrow and brought it to his master. 39 The servant was not aware of anything. Only Jonathan and David understood what had happened.[am]

40 Then Jonathan gave his equipment to the servant[an] who was with him and told him, “Go, take these things to the city.” 41 The servant[ao] went. Then David came out from the south side of the rock,[ap] fell on his face, and bowed down three times. The men kissed each other, and both of them cried, but David even more. 42 Jonathan told David, “Go in peace since both of us swore in the name of the Lord: ‘May the Lord be between me and you, and between my descendants and your descendants forever.’”

[aq]Then David[ar] got up and left, while Jonathan went to the city.

Footnotes

  1. 1 Samuel 20:1 Lit. seeks my life
  2. 1 Samuel 20:2 Lit. He
  3. 1 Samuel 20:2 Lit. revealing it in my ear
  4. 1 Samuel 20:3 The Heb. lacks to himself
  5. 1 Samuel 20:5 Lit. until the third evening
  6. 1 Samuel 20:6 The Heb. lacks that I’m not there
  7. 1 Samuel 20:7 Lit. there will be peace for your servant
  8. 1 Samuel 20:7 Lit. that evil has been determined by him
  9. 1 Samuel 20:8 Lit. a covenant of the Lord
  10. 1 Samuel 20:12 The Heb. lacks is my witness
  11. 1 Samuel 20:12 Lit. it
  12. 1 Samuel 20:12 The Heb. lacks word
  13. 1 Samuel 20:12 Lit. reveal in your ear
  14. 1 Samuel 20:13 Lit. may the Lord do to Jonathan and more also; This oath would have been accompanied by some symbolic action such as simulating the plunge of a knife into one’s heart.
  15. 1 Samuel 20:16 Lit. may the Lord seek from the hand of David’s enemies
  16. 1 Samuel 20:19 Lit. on the day of the event
  17. 1 Samuel 20:20 The Heb. lacks of the rock
  18. 1 Samuel 20:21 Or boy
  19. 1 Samuel 20:21 The Heb. lacks saying
  20. 1 Samuel 20:21 Or boy
  21. 1 Samuel 20:21 Lit. thing
  22. 1 Samuel 20:23 Or look,
  23. 1 Samuel 20:23 The Heb. lacks a witness
  24. 1 Samuel 20:26 The Heb. lacks to himself
  25. 1 Samuel 20:29 Lit. if I have found favor in your eyes
  26. 1 Samuel 20:30 Lit. to the shame of your mother’s nakedness
  27. 1 Samuel 20:31 Lit. all the days that
  28. 1 Samuel 20:31 Lit. him
  29. 1 Samuel 20:33 Lit. him
  30. 1 Samuel 20:35 Lit. young man
  31. 1 Samuel 20:36 Lit. He
  32. 1 Samuel 20:36 Lit. young man
  33. 1 Samuel 20:36 Lit. young man
  34. 1 Samuel 20:36 Lit. he
  35. 1 Samuel 20:37 Lit. young man
  36. 1 Samuel 20:37 Lit. young man
  37. 1 Samuel 20:38 Lit. young man
  38. 1 Samuel 20:38 Lit. young man
  39. 1 Samuel 20:39 Lit. the matter
  40. 1 Samuel 20:40 Lit. young man
  41. 1 Samuel 20:41 Lit. young man
  42. 1 Samuel 20:41 The Heb. lacks of the rock
  43. 1 Samuel 20:42 This sentence is 21:1 in MT
  44. 1 Samuel 20:42 Lit. he
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