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1 Peter 4
Mounce Reverse Interlinear New Testament

4 Therefore oun since Christ Christos suffered paschō in the flesh sarx, arm yourselves hoplizō also kai with the ho same autos way of thinking ennoia, that is, that hoti the ho one who has suffered paschō in the flesh sarx has finished pauō with sin hamartia, 2 so that eis you no longer mēketi live bioō your ho remaining epiloipos days chronos in en the flesh sarx concerned about human anthrōpos desires epithumia but alla about the will thelēma of God theos. 3 For gar the ho time chronos already gone by parerchomai is enough arketos for you to have done what ho the ho pagans ethnos like boulēma to do katergazomai, carrying on poreuō in en sensuality aselgeia, passions epithumia, drunkenness oinophlygia, orgies kōmos, drinking parties potos, and kai disgusting athemitos worship of idols eidōlolatria. 4 In en all this hos, they are surprised xenizō that you hymeis do not mē plunge syntrechō with them into eis the ho same autos flood anachusis of ho debauchery asōtia, and they malign blasphēmeō you. 5 They hos will give apodidōmi an account logos to ho him who stands echō ready hetoimōs to judge krinō the living zaō and kai the dead nekros. 6 It was for eis this houtos very purpose · kai that the gospel was preached euangelizō to the dead nekros, so that hina though men they were judged krinō as kata men anthrōpos in the flesh sarx, they might live zaō · de as kata God theos in the Spirit pneuma.

7 The ho end telos of all things pas · de is at hand engizō, so oun use sound judgment sōphroneō and kai be sober-minded nēphō for eis the sake of prayer proseuchē. 8 Above pro all pas, · ho maintain echō a fervent ektenēs love agapē among eis yourselves heautou, for hoti love agapē covers kalyptō a multitude plēthos of sins hamartia. 9 Be hospitable philoxenos to eis one another allēlōn without aneu grumbling gongysmos. 10 Each one hekastos should serve diakoneō others heautou in respect to kathōs the gift charisma he has received lambanō, as hōs a good kalos steward oikonomos of charis the grace charis of God theos in its various forms poikilos: 11 if ei someone tis speaks laleō, as hōs speaking the oracles logion of God theos; if ei someone tis serves diakoneō, as hōs by ek the strength ischus that hos God theos supplies chorēgeō · ho— so that hina in en everything pas God theos may be glorified doxazō · ho through dia Jesus Iēsous Christ Christos. To him hos belong eimi · ho glory doxa and kai · ho power kratos for eis all ho time aiōn ho. · ho Amen amēn.

12 Dear friends agapētos, do not mē be surprised xenizō that a trial peirasmos by ho fire pyrōsis is taking place ginomai among en you hymeis, as hōs though something strange xenos were happening symbainō to you hymeis. 13 But alla rejoice chairō insofar katho as you now share koinōneō the ho sufferings pathēma of ho Christ Christos, so that hina when en · ho his autos glory doxa is revealed apokalypsis, · ho you may also kai rejoice chairō and be glad agalliaō. 14 If ei you are insulted oneidizō for en the name onoma of Christ Christos, you are blessed makarios, because hoti the ho Spirit of ho glory doxa, that is kai, the ho Spirit pneuma of ho God theos, is resting anapauō on epi you hymeis. 15 But gar not mē one tis of you hymeis should suffer paschō as hōs a murderer phoneus or ē a thief kleptēs or ē a criminal kakopoios or ē as hōs a meddler in the affairs of another allotriepiskopos; 16 but de if ei someone suffers as hōs a Christian Christianos, he should not mē be disgraced, but de should glorify doxazō · ho God theos by en · ho this houtos name onoma. 17 Because hoti the ho time kairos has come to begin archō · ho judgment krima with apo the ho house oikos of ho God theos, and de if ei first prōton with apo us hēmeis, what tis will be the ho outcome telos for those ho who do not obey apeitheō the ho gospel euangelion of ho God theos? 18 And kai “ If ei the ho righteous person dikaios is barely molis saved sōzō, what pou will become phainō of the ho ungodly asebēs and kai the sinner hamartōlos?” 19 So hōste then kai, let paratithēmi those ho who are suffering paschō according to kata the ho will thelēma of ho God theos by en doing good agathopoiia entrust paratithēmi their autos souls psychē to a faithful pistos Creator ktistēs. · ho

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1 Peter 4
New English Translation

4 So, since Christ suffered[a] in the flesh, you also arm yourselves with the same attitude, because the one who has suffered in the flesh has finished with sin,[b] 2 in that he spends the rest of his time[c] on earth concerned about the will of God and not human desires. 3 For the time that has passed was sufficient for you to do what the non-Christians[d] desire.[e] You lived then[f] in debauchery, evil desires, drunkenness, carousing, drinking bouts,[g] and wanton idolatries.[h] 4 So[i] they are astonished[j] when you do not rush with them into the same flood of wickedness, and they vilify you.[k] 5 They will face a reckoning before[l] Jesus Christ[m] who stands ready to judge the living and the dead. 6 Now it was for this very purpose[n] that the gospel was preached to those who are now dead,[o] so that though[p] they were judged in the flesh[q] by human standards[r] they may live spiritually[s] by God’s standards.[t]

Service, Suffering, and Judgment

7 For the culmination of all things is near. So be self-controlled and sober-minded for the sake of prayer.[u] 8 Above all keep[v] your love for one another fervent,[w] because love covers a multitude of sins.[x] 9 Show hospitality[y] to one another without complaining. 10 Just as each one has received a gift, use it to serve one another[z] as good stewards of the varied grace of God. 11 Whoever speaks, let it be with[aa] God’s words.[ab] Whoever serves, do so with the strength[ac] that God supplies, so that in everything God will be glorified through Jesus Christ. To him belong[ad] the glory and the power forever and ever. Amen.

12 Dear friends, do not be astonished[ae] that a trial by fire is occurring among you,[af] as though something strange were happening to you. 13 But rejoice in the degree that you have shared in the sufferings of Christ, so that when his glory is revealed[ag] you may also rejoice and be glad.[ah] 14 If you are insulted for the name of Christ, you are blessed, because the Spirit of glory,[ai] who is the Spirit of God,[aj] rests[ak] on you. 15 But let none of you suffer as a murderer or thief or criminal or as a troublemaker.[al] 16 But if you suffer as a Christian,[am] do not be ashamed, but glorify[an] God that you bear such a name.[ao] 17 For it is time for judgment to begin, starting with the house[ap] of God. And if it starts with us, what will be the fate[aq] of those who are disobedient to the gospel of God? 18 And if the righteous are barely saved, what will become of[ar] the ungodly and sinners?[as] 19 So then let those who suffer according to the will of God entrust their souls to a faithful Creator as they do good.[at]

Footnotes

  1. 1 Peter 4:1 tc Most mss (א2 A P 5 33 81 436 442 1175 1611 1852 M) add ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν (huper hēmōn, “for us”); others (א* 69 1505 syp) add ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν (huper humōn, “for you”), the first hand of א also has ἀποθανόντος (apothanontos, “since he died”) instead of παθόντος (pathontos, “since he suffered”). But the reading without ὑπὲρ ἡ/ὑμῶν best explains the rise of the other readings, for not only is there confusion as to which pronoun belongs here, but the longer readings, being clarifications, are evidently scribally motivated. The shortest reading is found in significant and early witnesses (P72 B C Ψ 323 1243 1739 sa) and is strongly preferred.
  2. 1 Peter 4:1 sn Has finished with sin. The last sentence in v. 1 may refer to Christ as the one who suffered in the flesh (cf. 2:21, 23; 3:18; 4:1a) and the latter part would then mean, “he has finished dealing with sin.” But it is more likely that it refers to the Christian who suffers unjustly (cf. 2:19-20; 3:14, 17). This shows that he has made a break with sin as vs. 2 describes.
  3. 1 Peter 4:2 tn This verse may give the purpose or result of their “arming” themselves as called for in v. 1b and then the translation would be: “so that you may spend the rest of your time…” But it is better to take it as explanatory of the last phrase in v. 1: what it means to be finished with sin.
  4. 1 Peter 4:3 tn Grk “the Gentiles,” used here of those who are not God’s people.
  5. 1 Peter 4:3 tn Grk “to accomplish the desire of the Gentiles.”
  6. 1 Peter 4:3 tn Grk “having gone along,” referring to the readers’ behavior in time past.
  7. 1 Peter 4:3 tn According to BDAG 857 s.v. πότος the term refers to a social gathering at which wine is served, hence “drinking parties” (cf. TEV, NASB). However, the collocation with the other terms in v. 4 suggests something less sophisticated and more along the lines of wild and frenzied drinking bouts.
  8. 1 Peter 4:3 tn The Greek words here all occur in the plural to describe their common practice in the past.
  9. 1 Peter 4:4 tn Grk “in/by which,” referring to the change of behavior described in v. 3. The unbelievers are astonished by the readers’ moral transformation. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
  10. 1 Peter 4:4 tn Or “are surprised, are taken aback.” The same verb occurs in 4:12.
  11. 1 Peter 4:4 tn Grk “blaspheming,” giving the result of their astonishment. Here the target of their “blasphemy/vilification” is not God but the Christian.
  12. 1 Peter 4:5 tn Grk “give an account to.”
  13. 1 Peter 4:5 tn Grk “the one”; the referent (Jesus Christ) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  14. 1 Peter 4:6 tn Grk “since for this purpose the gospel was preached even to the dead,” referring to the purpose described in the clause to follow in v. 6b.
  15. 1 Peter 4:6 sn In context the phrase those who are dead refers to those now dead who had accepted the gospel while they were still living and had suffered persecution for their faith. Though they “suffered judgment” in this earthly life (i.e., they died, in the midst of physical abuse from the ungodly), they will enjoy life from God in the spiritual, heavenly realm because of the gospel (v. 6b). It clearly does not assume a second chance for conversion offered to unbelievers who had died; why would Peter urge people to suffer in this life for the sake of the gospel if he believed that mercy would be extended to all the dead in the hereafter (cf. 2:7-8; 4:1-5, 12-19)?
  16. 1 Peter 4:6 tn Grk “so that they may be judged…but may live.” Greek emphasizes the contrast between these two clauses more than can be easily expressed in English.
  17. 1 Peter 4:6 tn Or “in their earthly lives,” since “flesh” here denotes the physical, earthly life. The phrase “in the flesh” is retained to preserve the links with 3:18 and 4:1 which use the same wording.
  18. 1 Peter 4:6 tn Grk “according to men.”
  19. 1 Peter 4:6 tn Grk “in spirit,” referring to the heavenly, eternal realm of existence (cf. 3:18).
  20. 1 Peter 4:6 tn Grk “according to God.”
  21. 1 Peter 4:7 tn Grk “for prayers.”
  22. 1 Peter 4:8 tn The primary verb of v. 8 is a participle (“having”) but it continues the sense of command from v. 7.
  23. 1 Peter 4:8 tn Or “constant.”
  24. 1 Peter 4:8 sn The statement of v. 8b, love covers a multitude of sins, is proverbial: It is quoted from Prov 10:12 (cf. Jas 5:20). It speaks of the forbearance that comes with love: Christian love is patient and forgiving toward the offenses of a fellow Christian (Matt 18:21-22; 1 Cor 13:4-7).
  25. 1 Peter 4:9 tn There is no main verb in this verse (“showing hospitality” translates the adjective φιλόξενοι [philoxenoi]), but it continues the sense of command from v. 7.
  26. 1 Peter 4:10 tn Grk “serving it to one another.” The primary verb is a participle but it continues the sense of command from v. 7.
  27. 1 Peter 4:11 tn Grk “if anyone speaks—as God’s words.”
  28. 1 Peter 4:11 tn Or “oracles.”
  29. 1 Peter 4:11 tn Grk “if anyone serves—with strength…”
  30. 1 Peter 4:11 tn Grk “is/are.”
  31. 1 Peter 4:12 tn Or “do not be surprised, taken aback.” The same verb occurs in 4:4.
  32. 1 Peter 4:12 tn Grk “at the burning among you, occurring to you for testing.”
  33. 1 Peter 4:13 tn Grk “in the revelation of his glory.”
  34. 1 Peter 4:13 tn The verb “be glad” is used also in 1:6 and 1:8. The verbs of v. 13b are used together in Matt 5:12 and Rev 19:7.
  35. 1 Peter 4:14 tc Many mss, some of them significant and early ([א] A P 33 81 323 945 1241 1739 pm bo), add καὶ δυνάμεως (kai dunameōs; “and of power”) here. The shorter reading is supported by P72 B K L Ψ 049 pm). Although the evidence is evenly divided, the longer reading looks to be an explanatory or liturgical expansion on the text and for this reason should be considered secondary.
  36. 1 Peter 4:14 tn Grk “the Spirit of glory and of God.”
  37. 1 Peter 4:14 sn A quotation taken from Isa 11:2.
  38. 1 Peter 4:15 tn The meaning of the Greek word used here is uncertain. It may mean “spy, informer,” “revolutionary,” or “defrauder, embezzler.” But the most likely meaning is “busybody, one who meddles in the affairs of others, troublesome meddler.” The translation given in the text is intended to suggest this general idea.
  39. 1 Peter 4:16 tn The verb is implied by the context but not expressed; Grk “but if as a Christian.”
  40. 1 Peter 4:16 tn These are third person imperatives in Greek (“if [one of you suffers] as a Christian, let him not be ashamed…let him glorify”), but have been translated as second person verbs since this is smoother English idiom.
  41. 1 Peter 4:16 tn Grk “in this name.”
  42. 1 Peter 4:17 tn Grk “to begin from the house.”
  43. 1 Peter 4:17 tn Or “the end.”
  44. 1 Peter 4:18 tn Grk “where will he appear.”
  45. 1 Peter 4:18 tn The personal references in v. 18 are generic singulars, but they have been changed to the plural in English to maintain consistency with the plurals of v. 17.sn A quotation from Prov 11:31 (LXX).
  46. 1 Peter 4:19 tn Grk “in doing good.”
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