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Solomon’s Palace

But Solomon took thirteen years to build his own palace, and finally finished it. He built his own palace out of timber supplied from the forest of Lebanon. It was 100 cubits[a] long, 50 cubits[b] wide, 20 cubits[c] tall, and was constructed on four rows of cedar pillars, with cedar beams interlocking the pillars. There were 45 pillars paneled with cedar above the side chambers, with rows of fifteen pillars, with three rows of framed windows facing each other in three ranks. All the doorways and doorposts had rectangular frames, with the doorways facing each other in three tiers. There was also a hall of pillars 50 cubits[d] long and 30 cubits[e] wide, and a porch in front with pillars, and a canopy in front of the pillars.[f] He constructed the Judgment Hall for the throne room where he would be ruling, paneling it with cedar from floor to ceiling.[g] Solomon’s[h] personal dwelling quarters, a separate court behind the hall, was of similar workmanship. Solomon[i] also built a house similar to this for Pharaoh’s daughter, whom Solomon had married.

All of these were made with expensive stones, pre-cut according to specifications, hand-sawed inside and out from the foundation to the coping, including from inside to the great court. 10 The foundation was made of expensive stone, including large stones ten cubits[j] long and stones eight cubits[k] long. 11 Above these were expensive stones cut according to specifications, and cedar. 12 So the great court was surrounded by three rows of cut stone, along with a row of cedar beams, just like the inner court of the Lord’s Temple and the porch surrounding the Temple.

Contributions by Hiram the Bronzeworker(A)

13 King Solomon sent for Hiram[l] from Tyre, 14 the son of a widow from the tribe of Naphtali, whose father was from Tyre. A bronze worker, he was wise, knowledgeable, and was skilled in all sorts of bronze working. He went to King Solomon and did all of his work.

15 He fashioned two bronze pillars, each one eighteen cubits[m] high, with a circumference of twelve cubits.[n] 16 He also crafted two capitals of cast bronze and set them on top of the pillars. The height of one capital was five cubits,[o] and the height of the other capital was five cubits.[p] 17 A network of latticework on top of the pillars was inlaid with ornamental wreaths and chains, the top of each pillar containing seven groups of ornamental structures. 18 The pillars contained two rows of ornaments shaped like pomegranates around the latticework covering the top of each pillar. 19 The capitals on top of each pillar above the rounded latticework contained four cubits[q] of lily designs, 20 with the capitals on the two pillars covered by 200 pomegranates in rows around both the capitals above and adjoining the rounded latticework. 21 That’s how he designed the pillars at the portico of the sanctuary. When he set up the right pillar, he named it Jachin.[r] When he set up the left pillar, he named it Boaz.[s] 22 The work on the pillars was finished with a lily design on top of the pillars.

The Bronze Sea

23 Hiram[t] also made a sea of cast metal ten cubits[u] from brim to brim, circular in shape and five cubits[v] and 30 cubits[w] in its inner circumference. 24 Under the brim, completely encircling it, were two rows of gourds inlaid as part of the original casting, ten to a cubit.[x] 25 The sea stood on top of twelve oxen. Three faced north, three faced west, three faced south, and three faced east. The sea was set on top of them, and their hind parts faced the center.[y] 26 The reservoir, which held about 2,000 baths,[z] stood about a handbreadth[aa] thick, and its rim looked like the brim of a cup or of a lily blossom.

The Ten Water Carts

27 Hiram[ab] also made ten bronze water carts.[ac] Each one was four cubits[ad] wide, four cubits long,[ae] and three cubits[af] high. 28 The carts were designed with borders between cross-pieces, 29 and on the borders between the cross-pieces were lions, oxen, and cherubim. A pedestal was placed above the cross-pieces, and beneath the lions and oxen there were wreaths hanging down. 30 Each cart had four bronze wheels equipped with bronze axles with four support feet. Beneath the basin were cast support structures made like wreaths on each side. 31 The opening to each water cart inside the crown on top was one cubit[ag] wide, with engravings on the opening. The borders to the frames surrounding the opening were square, not round. 32 The four wheels were placed underneath the borders, and the axles for the wheels were on the stand. Each wheel stood one and a half cubits[ah] high. 33 The wheels resembled those of a chariot, with their axles, rims, spokes, and hubs made of cast bronze. 34 Four supports stood at the four corners of each cart, built into the carts themselves. 35 On top of each stand was a circular structure one half of one cubit[ai] high, with its braces and support frames integral with it, forming a single piece. 36 Hiram[aj] engraved ornamental cherubim, lions, and palm trees on the surfaces of the supports and frames wherever there was space to do so, and encircled the artwork with wreaths. 37 He made ten identical water carts by using the same plans, castings, and shapes for all of them.

The Other Bronze Implements

38 Hiram[ak] also fashioned ten bronze basins, each holding about 40 baths,[al] each basin measuring four cubits[am] in diameter,[an] with one basin for each stand. 39 He set five of the stands on the right side of the Temple and five on the left side of the Temple. He set the bronze sea on the right side of the Temple eastward facing the south. 40 Hiram also made the basins, shovels, and bowls to complete the work that he performed for King Solomon in the Lord’s Temple, 41 including the two pillars and the bowls for the capitals that stood on top of the two pillars, along with the two lattices that covered the two bowls of the capitals that stood on top of the pillars, 42 plus the 400 pomegranates for the two lattices (that is, the two rows of pomegranates for each lattice to cover the two bowls of the capitals that stood on top of the pillars), 43 the ten stands with the ten basins on the stands, 44 the single bronze[ao] sea and the twelve oxen that stood under the sea, 45 and the pots, shovels, and bowls—all of these utensils that Hiram made for King Solomon for the Lord’s Temple were made from polished bronze.

46 The king had them cast in the clay ground between Succoth and Zarethan in the Jordan plain. 47 Solomon never inventoried the weight of the bronze used, because there were too many utensils, so the weight of the bronze used was never ascertained. 48 Solomon made all the furnishings that were placed in the Lord’s Temple, including the golden altar and the golden table on which the bread of the Presence was placed, 49 along with the lamp stands (five on the right side and five on the left in front of the inner sanctuary), all made of pure gold, as well as the flower blossoms, lamps, and tongs of gold, 50 and the cups, snuffers, bowls, spoons, and the fire pans, all made of pure gold, and hinges for the doors of the inner sanctuary, the Most Holy Place, and for the gates of the Temple that led to the nave, also of gold.

51 Thus all the work that King Solomon performed in the Lord’s Temple was finished. Then Solomon brought in the articles that had been dedicated by his father David, including silver, gold, and other utensils, and he placed them into storage in the treasuries of the Lord’s Temple.

Footnotes

  1. 1 Kings 7:2 I.e. about 150 feet; a cubit was about eighteen inches
  2. 1 Kings 7:2 I.e. about 75 feet; a cubit was about eighteen inches
  3. 1 Kings 7:2 I.e. about 30 feet; a cubit was about eighteen inches
  4. 1 Kings 7:6 I.e. about 75 feet; a cubit was about eighteen inches
  5. 1 Kings 7:6 I.e. about 45 feet; a cubit was about eighteen inches
  6. 1 Kings 7:6 Lit. of them
  7. 1 Kings 7:7 Lit. floor to floor
  8. 1 Kings 7:8 Lit. His
  9. 1 Kings 7:8 Lit. He
  10. 1 Kings 7:10 I.e. about 15 feet; a cubit was about eighteen inches
  11. 1 Kings 7:10 I.e. about 12 feet; a cubit was about eighteen inches
  12. 1 Kings 7:13 2Chr 2:13 identifies the man as Hiram-abi
  13. 1 Kings 7:15 I.e. about 27 feet; a cubit was about eighteen inches
  14. 1 Kings 7:15 I.e. about 18 feet; a cubit was about eighteen inches
  15. 1 Kings 7:16 I.e. about seven and a half feet; a cubit was about eighteen inches
  16. 1 Kings 7:16 I.e. about seven and a half feet; a cubit was about eighteen inches
  17. 1 Kings 7:19 I.e. about six feet; a cubit was about eighteen inches
  18. 1 Kings 7:21 The name means He Established
  19. 1 Kings 7:21 The name means In Strength
  20. 1 Kings 7:23 Lit. He
  21. 1 Kings 7:23 I.e. about fifteen feet; a cubit was about eighteen inches
  22. 1 Kings 7:23 I.e. about seven and a half feet; a cubit was about eighteen inches
  23. 1 Kings 7:23 I.e. 45 feet; a cubit was about eighteen inches
  24. 1 Kings 7:24 I.e. ten in each one and a half feet; a cubit was about eighteen inches
  25. 1 Kings 7:25 Lit. were inward
  26. 1 Kings 7:26 I.e. about 12,000 gallons; Cf. 2Chron 4:52, where the volume is given at 3,000 baths
  27. 1 Kings 7:26 I.e. about three inches; a handbreadth was about one sixth of a cubit
  28. 1 Kings 7:27 Lit. He
  29. 1 Kings 7:27 Or stands, and so throughout this paragraph
  30. 1 Kings 7:27 I.e. about six feet; a cubit was about eighteen inches
  31. 1 Kings 7:27 I.e. about six feet; a cubit was about eighteen inches
  32. 1 Kings 7:27 I.e. about four and a half feet; a cubit was about eighteen inches
  33. 1 Kings 7:31 I.e. about one and a half feet; a cubit was about eighteen inches
  34. 1 Kings 7:32 I.e. about 27 inches; a cubit was about eighteen inches
  35. 1 Kings 7:35 I.e. about 9 inches; a cubit was about eighteen inches
  36. 1 Kings 7:36 Lit. He
  37. 1 Kings 7:38 Lit. He
  38. 1 Kings 7:38 I.e. about 240 gallons; a bath held about six gallons
  39. 1 Kings 7:38 I.e. about six feet; a cubit was about eighteen inches
  40. 1 Kings 7:38 The Heb. lacks in diameter
  41. 1 Kings 7:44 The Heb. lacks bronze

Solomon Continues to Build

Solomon built his house over thirteen years, and he finished all of his house.

He built the House of the Forest of Lebanon; one hundred cubits its length, fifty cubits its width, and thirty cubits its height, on four rows of cedar pillars and cedar beams atop the pillars. It was covered with cedar above, and the supporting beams which were on the forty-five pillars, fifteen to the row. There were three rows of specially designed windows; with window to window three times. All of the doorways and the doorframes had four-sided casings, with opening to opposite opening three times.

The hall of pillars he made fifty cubits in its length and thirty cubits in its width, and a porch was in front of them,[a] with pillars and an overhang in front of them.[b] He made the hall of the throne where he would pronounce judgment, the hall of justice, and it was covered with cedar from the floor to the rafters.[c] His house where he would live in the next courtyard on the inside of the porch was like this work, and he would make a house like this porch for the daughter of Pharaoh whom Solomon had taken as wife. All of these were of precious stones, according to the measurement of dressed stone, sawn with a saw on all sides;[d] from the foundation up to the eaves and from the outside up to the great courtyard. 10 The foundation was of precious stones, and large stones of ten cubits and stones of eight cubits 11 with precious stones above, just the right size,[e] and cedar. 12 The great courtyard all around had three rows of dressed stones and a row of cedar beams; for both the courtyard of the inner house[f] of Yahweh and for the porch of the house.

13 King Solomon invited and received Hiram from Tyre. 14 He was the son of a widow woman from the tribe of Naphtali, and his father was a man of Tyre, an artisan of bronze. He was filled with wisdom and with ability and with the knowledge to do all the work with the bronze. And he came to King Solomon, and he did all of his work. 15 He cast the two pillars out of bronze; eighteen cubits was the height of the first, and a cord of twelve cubits would encircle the second pillar. 16 He made two capitals to place on the tops of the pillars out of molten bronze; the first capital was five cubits in height, and the second capital was five cubits in height. 17 A network of latticework and wreaths of chainwork with small chains were for the capitals which were on top of the pillars; seven for the first capital and seven for the second capital. 18 He also made the pillars with two rows around on the lattice, each to cover the capitals which were on top, out of the pomegranate-shaped ornaments, and thus he did for the second capital as well. 19 And on the capitals which were on top of the pillars in the porch were works of lilies four cubits high. 20 And capitals were on the two pillars above near the bulging section which was beside the lattice, and two hundred pomegranate-shaped ornaments were in rows all around on the second capital. 21 He set up the pillars for the porch of the main hall; he erected the pillar on the right and called its name Jakin, and he set up the pillar on the left and called its name Boaz. 22 On the top of the pillars was a work of lilies; and so the work of the pillars was finished.

23 He also made the molten[g] sea, ten cubits in diameter,[h] and five cubits was its height. A measuring line of thirty cubits would encircle it all around. 24 Gourds were under its rim surrounding it all around; ten to the cubit, surrounding the sea all around with two rows of gourds, which were cast when he cast the metal. 25 The sea was standing on twelve oxen, with three facing to the north, three facing to the west, three facing to the south, and three facing to the east. The sea was on top of them, with all of their hindquarters turned to the inside. 26 Its thickness was a handbreadth, but its rim was as the work on the brim of a cup, like the bud of a lily; it held two thousand baths.

27 He made the ten stands of bronze; each stand was four cubits long, four cubits wide, and three cubits in height. 28 Now this was the construction of the stands: there were frames for them and frames between the crossbars, 29 and on the frames which were between the crossbars were lions, oxen, and cherubim. On the crossbars both above and beneath the lions and oxen were works of cascading wreaths. 30 There were four bronze wheels for each of the stands, with bronze axles; the four support pedestals for these were under the basin, and the supports were decorated on each side with wreaths. 31 Its opening from the inside of the capital and above was a cubit; its pedestal was a round work of a cubit and a half; moreover, on its opening were the carvings with four-sided frames, not circular. 32 Four of the wheels were underneath the frames, and the axles of the wheels were on the stands. The height of each wheel was a cubit and a half. 33 The construction of the wheel was like the construction of the wheel of the chariot; their axles, their rims, their spokes, and their naves were all cast. 34 The four supports were the four corners of each stand, with the stand supporting it. 35 On top of the stand was half a cubit deep, circular all around, and on the top of the stand were its supports and its frames. 36 He engraved on the plates, on its supports, and on its frame cherubim, lions and images of a palm tree, according to the space for each, with wreaths all around. 37 He made the ten stands like this in one cast, with the same measurement and shape for each of them.

38 He also made ten bronze basins, each holding forty baths; each basin was four cubits, one basin on each of the ten stands. 39 He placed five of the stands on the south side of the house and five on the north side of the house, and the sea he set on the southeast side of the house.

40 Hiram also made the basins and the shovels and the bowls for drinking wine; and so Hiram finished doing all of the work that he was to do[i] for King Solomon in the house of Yahweh: 41 the two pillars and the bowls of the capitals which were atop the two pillars, and the two lattice works to cover the two bowls of the capitals which were atop the pillars; 42 and the four hundred pomegranate-shaped ornaments for the two lattice works, the two rows of pomegranate-shaped ornaments for each latticework to cover the two bowls of the capitals which were on the surface of the pillars; 43 and the ten stands and the ten basins on the stands; 44 and the one sea and the twelve oxen under the sea; 45 and the pots, the shovels, and the bowls for drinking wine. All the vessels of the tent which Hiram had made for King Solomon for the house of Yahweh were polished bronze. 46 The king had cast them in the plain of the Jordan with the casting mold set in the ground between Succoth and Zarethan. 47 Solomon left all of the vessels unweighed because of their very great abundance, so the weight of the bronze could not be determined.

48 Solomon also made all of the vessels which were in the house of Yahweh: the golden altar and the golden table on which was the bread of the presence; 49 as well as the five lampstands of beaten gold at the south and five lampstands at the north before the presence of the inner sanctuary, with the flower-shaped ornaments, the lamps, and the pair of tongs all of gold. 50 The cups, the snuffers, the bowls for drinking wine, the bowls for the incense, and the firepans were made from beaten gold; the facades for the doors of the inner house, for the most holy place,[j] for the doors of the main hall of the temple were of gold. 51 When all of the work which king Solomon did on the house of Yahweh was completed, Solomon brought out the holy objects of his father David, the silver and the gold and the vessels, which he put in the treasury rooms of the house of Yahweh.

Footnotes

  1. 1 Kings 7:6 Literally “on their face”
  2. 1 Kings 7:6 Literally “on their face”
  3. 1 Kings 7:7 Hebrew “floor,” but other ancient versions have “rafters”
  4. 1 Kings 7:9 Literally “on the inside and on the outside”
  5. 1 Kings 7:11 Literally “according to the measurement of dressed stones”
  6. 1 Kings 7:12 Or “temple”
  7. 1 Kings 7:23 That is, cast from molten bronze
  8. 1 Kings 7:23 Literally “from its edge up to its edge, round all around”
  9. 1 Kings 7:40 Literally “that he did”
  10. 1 Kings 7:50 Literally “holy of the holiest”