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Billedet med jordbunden(A)

13 Senere samme dag forlod Jesus huset, hvor han holdt til, og gik ned til søen for at undervise. Men så mange mennesker stimlede sammen, at han gik om bord i en båd. Der sad han så og underviste, mens folk stod inde på bredden og lyttede. Han illustrerede gerne sin undervisning med billeder fra hverdagslivet.

„En landmand gik en dag ud for at så korn på sin mark,” begyndte han. „Da han strøede sædekornet ud, faldt noget på vejen, og fuglene kom og spiste det. Noget af kornet faldt på stengrund, hvor der kun var et tyndt lag jord. Det spirede hurtigt og voksede op, men eftersom rødderne ikke kunne udvikles i det tynde jordlag, tørrede planterne ud under den brændende sol. Noget af kornet faldt på steder, hvor der var tidselrødder i jorden, og tidslerne voksede op og kvalte de små kornplanter. Men noget af kornet faldt i god jord og gav 30, 60 eller 100 gange så meget, som der var sået.

Lad dem høre, som har øre.”

Guds riges mysterier forklares kun for disciplene(B)

10 Disciplene kom bagefter hen til Jesus og spurgte: „Hvorfor bruger du billedsprog, når du underviser folk?”

11 Han svarede: „For jer, som følger mig, vil Guds riges mysterier blive forklaret, men det gælder ikke de andre. 12 De, der gør brug af det, de har fået betroet, vil få mere, så de har overflod. Men de, der ikke gør brug af det, de fik betroet, vil miste det hele. 13 Grunden til, at jeg taler til dem i billeder, er, at selv om de har øjne, ser de dog ikke. De har ører, men hører dog ikke og forstår ikke. 14 På dem opfyldes profeten Esajas’ ord, for Gud talte på følgende måde gennem ham:

‚I hører, men forstår dog intet.
    I ser, men fatter dog intet.
15 For dette folk går rundt med lukkede øjne,
    så de intet ser.
De har ørerne tilstoppede,
    så de intet hører.
Deres hjerter er tillukkede,
    så de ikke føler anger eller skyld.
Derfor kommer de ikke til mig,
    så jeg kan helbrede dem.’[a]

16 Men I er velsignede, for I er i stand til både at se og høre. 17 Det siger jeg jer: Mange profeter og gudfrygtige mennesker har i tidens løb længtes efter at se det, I ser, og høre det, I hører, men de opnåede det ikke.

Jesus forklarer billedet med jordbunden(C)

18 Nu får I så forklaringen på billedet med landmanden, der såede korn på sin mark: 19 Nogle mennesker er som vejen. De hører budskabet om Guds rige, men tager ikke imod det. Så kommer den Onde og piller de ord væk, som blev sået i deres sind. 20 Nogle er som den tynde jord på stengrund. Når de hører budskabet, tager de straks imod det med glæde. 21 Men de lader ikke ordet slå rod, så det varer kun en tid. Når der kommer problemer eller forfølgelser på grund af ordet, giver de op og falder fra. 22 Nogle er som jorden med tidsler i. De hører godt nok ordet, men de daglige bekymringer og den forførende materialisme kvæler ordet, så det ikke kan bære frugt. 23 Men nogle er som den gode jord. De hører ordet og tager det til sig. Det bærer frugt i deres liv: 30, 60 eller 100 gange så meget, som der var sået.”

Satan modarbejder Guds rige

24 Her er et andet billede, Jesus brugte for at forklare, hvad der sker i Guds rige: „En landmand såede god hvede i sin mark. 25 Men en nat, da folkene lå og sov, kom hans fjende og såede ukrudt oven i hveden. Derefter forsvandt han. 26 Da hveden voksede op og begyndte at sætte aks, kunne man se ukrudt over det hele. 27 Landmandens medhjælpere kom hen til ham og spurgte: ‚Du såede jo god hvede i din mark, men nu er den fuld af ukrudt! Hvordan kan det gå til?’

28 ‚Det er min fjende, der har gjort det,’ svarede han. ‚Skal vi rive ukrudtet op?’ spurgte de så. 29 ‚Nej,’ sagde han, ‚så river I bare hveden med op. 30 Lad begge dele gro side om side indtil høsten. Så vil jeg give høstfolkene besked på at sortere ukrudtet fra, så det kan blive brændt, og vi kan bringe hveden i hus.’ ”

Guds rige vokser fra småt til stort(D)

31 Jesus fortsatte med et andet billede på Guds rige: „Det er som med et sennepsfrø, der bliver sået i en mark. 32 Det er det allermindste frø, men når det vokser, breder det sig mere end de andre urter, ja, det bliver en stor busk, hvor fuglene kan bygge rede i grenene.”

33 Jesus brugte endnu et billede: „Guds rige er som den lille klump surdej, som en kvinde ælter i melet, når hun skal bage brød. Surdejen gennemsyrer efterhånden det hele.”

Om brugen af billedtale(E)

34 Jesus brugte altid billeder, når han talte til folkeskaren. 35 Sådan opfyldtes det profetiske ord:

„Jeg vil tale i billeder,
    fortælle om det, der har været ukendt fra verdens begyndelse.”[b]

Jesus forklarer billedet med hveden og ukrudtet

36 Så forlod Jesus folkemængden og gik hjem sammen med disciplene. Da de var kommet indenfor, bad disciplene ham forklare, hvad han mente med det, han lige havde fortalt om hveden og ukrudtet.

37 „Den, der såede den gode hvede, er Menneskesønnen,” sagde Jesus. 38 „Marken er verden, og hveden er de mennesker, der er med i Guds rige. Ukrudtet er de mennesker, der følger den Onde, 39 og fjenden, der såede ukrudtet oven i hveden, er Djævelen. Høsten er verdens ende, og høstfolkene er Guds engle.

40 Ligesom ukrudtet bliver sorteret fra og brændt, sådan kommer det til at gå ved verdens ende. 41 Menneskesønnen vil sende sine engle ud for at fjerne alt det, som fører mennesker til frafald, og dem, som handler ondt. Det hele bliver samlet sammen 42 og kastet i ovnen for at blive brændt. Når det sker, vil mange ærgre sig frygteligt og græde højlydt. 43 Men de, som hører Gud til, vil stråle som solen i deres Fars rige. Lad dem høre, som har øre!”

Skatten og perlen

44 Jesus fortsatte: „Med Guds rige er det som med en skat, der lå skjult i en mark. En mand fandt skatten og blev så glad, at han straks dækkede den til igen og solgte alt, hvad han ejede, for at kunne købe den mark.

45 Med Guds rige er det som med en opkøber, der søgte efter ægte perler. 46 En dag stod han over for en uhyre kostbar perle, og han solgte alt, hvad han ejede, for at købe den.”

Sorteringen ved verdens ende

47 Jesus kom med endnu et billede på Guds rige. „Når et vod bliver lagt ud i søen og trukket gennem vandet, kommer der alle slags fisk i nettet. 48 Efter at nettet er trukket op på stranden, fyldt med fisk, sætter fiskerne sig ned for at sortere fiskene. De gode samler de sammen i kurve, men de dårlige smider de væk. 49 Sådan vil det gå ved verdens ende: Englene vil komme og adskille de onde fra dem, som Gud kan acceptere. 50 De onde bliver kastet i ildovnen, hvor der er gråd og stor fortvivlelse.”

Nyt og gammelt

51 „Forstår I nu billederne?” spurgte Jesus. „Ja,” svarede disciplene, „det gør vi.” 52 Så tilføjede han: „Hvis en skriftlærd lader sig oplære i Guds riges principper, kan han sammenlignes med en mand, som har både nyt og gammelt at tage frem fra sit forråd.”

Messias bliver mødt med vantro i sin hjemby(F)

53 Da Jesus havde afsluttet sin billedtale, fortsatte han vandringen sammen med disciplene 54 og kom snart til sin hjemby, Nazaret. Her underviste han en sabbatsdag i synagogen, og folk blev slået af forundring og udbrød: „Hvor har han fået den visdom fra? Hvordan har han kunnet udføre de undere, vi hører om? 55 Hans far er jo en ganske almindelig håndværker! Vi kender både hans mor, Maria, og hans brødre, Jakob, Josef, Simon og Judas. 56 Alle hans søstre bor lige heromkring. Hvem har han så lært alt det her af?” 57 Og fordi de kendte ham, ville de ikke acceptere, at han kunne være Messias. Da sagde Jesus til dem: „Ingen steder bliver der set så meget ned på en profet som i hans egen by og i hans eget hjem.”

58 På grund af deres mangel på tro kunne han ikke udføre ret mange undere der.

Footnotes

  1. 13,15 Es. 6,9-10 citeret fra LXX oversættelsen. Den hebraiske kiasme (omvendt parallelisme) er omstillet til en almindelig parallelisme for at klargøre meningen.
  2. 13,35 Sl. 78,2.

The Parable of the Sower(A)

13 On the same day Jesus went out of the house (B)and sat by the sea. (C)And great multitudes were gathered together to Him, so that (D)He got into a boat and sat; and the whole multitude stood on the shore.

Then He spoke many things to them in parables, saying: (E)“Behold, a sower went out to sow. And as he sowed, some seed fell by the wayside; and the birds came and devoured them. Some fell on stony places, where they did not have much earth; and they immediately sprang up because they had no depth of earth. But when the sun was up they were scorched, and because they had no root they withered away. And some fell among thorns, and the thorns sprang up and choked them. But others fell on good ground and yielded a crop: some (F)a hundredfold, some sixty, some thirty. (G)He who has ears to hear, let him hear!”

The Purpose of Parables(H)

10 And the disciples came and said to Him, “Why do You speak to them in parables?”

11 He answered and said to them, “Because (I)it has been given to you to know the [a]mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, but to them it has not been given. 12 (J)For whoever has, to him more will be given, and he will have abundance; but whoever does not have, even what he has will be taken away from him. 13 Therefore I speak to them in parables, because seeing they do not see, and hearing they do not hear, nor do they understand. 14 And in them the prophecy of Isaiah is fulfilled, which says:

(K)‘Hearing you will hear and shall not understand,
And seeing you will see and not (L)perceive;
15 For the hearts of this people have grown dull.
Their ears (M)are hard of hearing,
And their eyes they have (N)closed,
Lest they should see with their eyes and hear with their ears,
Lest they should understand with their hearts and turn,
So that I [b]should (O)heal them.’

16 But (P)blessed are your eyes for they see, and your ears for they hear; 17 for assuredly, I say to you (Q)that many prophets and righteous men desired to see what you see, and did not see it, and to hear what you hear, and did not hear it.

The Parable of the Sower Explained(R)

18 (S)“Therefore hear the parable of the sower: 19 When anyone hears the word (T)of the kingdom, and does not understand it, then the wicked one comes and snatches away what was sown in his heart. This is he who received seed by the wayside. 20 But he who received the seed on stony places, this is he who hears the word and immediately (U)receives it with joy; 21 yet he has no root in himself, but endures only for a while. For when (V)tribulation or persecution arises because of the word, immediately (W)he stumbles. 22 Now (X)he who received seed (Y)among the thorns is he who hears the word, and the cares of this world and the deceitfulness of riches choke the word, and he becomes unfruitful. 23 But he who received seed on the good ground is he who hears the word and understands it, who indeed bears (Z)fruit and produces: some a hundredfold, some sixty, some thirty.”

The Parable of the Wheat and the Tares

24 Another parable He put forth to them, saying: “The kingdom of heaven is like a man who sowed good seed in his field; 25 but while men slept, his enemy came and sowed tares among the wheat and went his way. 26 But when the grain had sprouted and produced a crop, then the tares also appeared. 27 So the servants of the owner came and said to him, ‘Sir, did you not sow good seed in your field? How then does it have tares?’ 28 He said to them, ‘An enemy has done this.’ The servants said to him, ‘Do you want us then to go and gather them up?’ 29 But he said, ‘No, lest while you gather up the tares you also uproot the wheat with them. 30 Let both grow together until the harvest, and at the time of harvest I will say to the reapers, “First gather together the tares and bind them in bundles to burn them, but (AA)gather the wheat into my barn.” ’ ”

The Parable of the Mustard Seed(AB)

31 Another parable He put forth to them, saying: (AC)“The kingdom of heaven is like a mustard seed, which a man took and sowed in his field, 32 which indeed is the least of all the seeds; but when it is grown it is greater than the herbs and becomes a (AD)tree, so that the birds of the air come and nest in its branches.”

The Parable of the Leaven(AE)

33 (AF)Another parable He spoke to them: “The kingdom of heaven is like leaven, which a woman took and hid in three [c]measures of meal till (AG)it was all leavened.”

Prophecy and the Parables

34 (AH)All these things Jesus spoke to the multitude in parables; and without a parable He did not speak to them, 35 that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophet, saying:

(AI)“I will open My mouth in parables;
(AJ)I will utter things kept secret from the foundation of the world.”

The Parable of the Tares Explained

36 Then Jesus sent the multitude away and went into the house. And His disciples came to Him, saying, “Explain to us the parable of the tares of the field.”

37 He answered and said to them: “He who sows the good seed is the Son of Man. 38 (AK)The field is the world, the good seeds are the sons of the kingdom, but the tares are (AL)the sons of the wicked one. 39 The enemy who sowed them is the devil, (AM)the harvest is the end of the age, and the reapers are the angels. 40 Therefore as the tares are gathered and burned in the fire, so it will be at the end of this age. 41 The Son of Man will send out His angels, (AN)and they will gather out of His kingdom all things that offend, and those who practice lawlessness, 42 (AO)and will cast them into the furnace of fire. (AP)There will be wailing and gnashing of teeth. 43 (AQ)Then the righteous will shine forth as the sun in the kingdom of their Father. (AR)He who has ears to hear, let him hear!

The Parable of the Hidden Treasure

44 “Again, the kingdom of heaven is like treasure hidden in a field, which a man found and hid; and for joy over it he goes and (AS)sells all that he has and (AT)buys that field.

The Parable of the Pearl of Great Price

45 “Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a merchant seeking beautiful pearls, 46 who, when he had found (AU)one pearl of great price, went and sold all that he had and bought it.

The Parable of the Dragnet

47 “Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a dragnet that was cast into the sea and (AV)gathered some of every kind, 48 which, when it was full, they drew to shore; and they sat down and gathered the good into vessels, but threw the bad away. 49 So it will be at the end of the age. The angels will come forth, (AW)separate the wicked from among the just, 50 and cast them into the furnace of fire. There will be wailing and gnashing of teeth.”

51 [d]Jesus said to them, “Have you understood all these things?”

They said to Him, “Yes, [e]Lord.”

52 Then He said to them, “Therefore every [f]scribe instructed [g]concerning the kingdom of heaven is like a householder who brings out of his treasure (AX)things new and old.”

Jesus Rejected at Nazareth(AY)

53 Now it came to pass, when Jesus had finished these parables, that He departed from there. 54 (AZ)When He had come to His own country, He taught them in their synagogue, so that they were astonished and said, “Where did this Man get this wisdom and these mighty works? 55 (BA)Is this not the carpenter’s son? Is not His mother called Mary? And (BB)His brothers (BC)James, [h]Joses, Simon, and Judas? 56 And His sisters, are they not all with us? Where then did this Man get all these things?” 57 So they (BD)were offended at Him.

But Jesus said to them, (BE)“A prophet is not without honor except in his own country and in his own house.” 58 Now (BF)He did not do many mighty works there because of their unbelief.

Footnotes

  1. Matthew 13:11 secret or hidden truths
  2. Matthew 13:15 NU, M would
  3. Matthew 13:33 Gr. sata, same as a Heb. seah; approximately 2 pecks in all
  4. Matthew 13:51 NU omits Jesus said to them
  5. Matthew 13:51 NU omits Lord
  6. Matthew 13:52 A scholar of the Old Testament
  7. Matthew 13:52 Or for
  8. Matthew 13:55 NU Joseph

The Parable of the Sower

13 That same day Jesus went out of the house (A)and sat beside the sea. And great crowds gathered about him, (B)so that he got into a boat and sat down. And the whole crowd stood on the beach. And (C)he told them many things in parables, saying: (D)“A sower went out to sow. And as he sowed, some seeds fell along the path, and the birds came and devoured them. Other seeds fell on rocky ground, where they did not have much soil, and immediately they sprang up, since they had no depth of soil, but (E)when the sun rose they were scorched. And since they had no root, (F)they withered away. Other seeds fell among (G)thorns, and the thorns grew up and choked them. Other seeds fell on good soil and produced grain, some (H)a hundredfold, some sixty, some thirty. (I)He who has ears,[a] let him hear.”

The Purpose of the Parables

10 Then the disciples came and said to him, “Why do you speak to them in parables?” 11 And he answered them, (J)“To you it has been given to know (K)the secrets of the kingdom of heaven, but to them it has not been given. 12 (L)For to the one who has, more will be given, and he will have an abundance, but from the one who has not, (M)even what he has will be taken away. 13 This is why I speak to them in parables, because (N)seeing they do not see, and hearing they do not hear, (O)nor do they understand. 14 Indeed, in their case the prophecy of Isaiah is fulfilled that says:

(P)“‘“You will indeed hear but never understand,
    and you will indeed see but never perceive.”
15 For this people's heart has grown dull,
    and with their ears (Q)they can barely hear,
    and (R)their eyes they have closed,
lest they should see with their eyes
    and hear with their ears
and (S)understand with their heart
    and (T)turn, and I would heal them.’

16 But (U)blessed are your eyes, for they see, and your ears, for they hear. 17 (V)For truly, I say to you, (W)many prophets and righteous people longed to see what you see, and did not see it, and to hear what you hear, and did not hear it.

The Parable of the Sower Explained

18 (X)“Hear then the parable of the sower: 19 When anyone hears the word of (Y)the kingdom and (Z)does not understand it, (AA)the evil one comes and snatches away what has been sown in his heart. This is what was sown along the path. 20 As for what was sown on rocky ground, this is the one who hears the word and immediately (AB)receives it with joy, 21 yet he has no root in himself, but (AC)endures for a while, and when tribulation or persecution arises on account of the word, immediately (AD)he falls away.[b] 22 As for what was sown among thorns, this is the one who hears the word, but (AE)the cares of (AF)the world and (AG)the deceitfulness of riches choke the word, and it proves unfruitful. 23 As for what was sown on good soil, this is the one who hears the word and (AH)understands it. He indeed (AI)bears fruit and yields, in one case (AJ)a hundredfold, in another sixty, and in another thirty.”

The Parable of the Weeds

24 He put another parable before them, saying, (AK)“The kingdom of heaven may be compared to a man who sowed good seed in his field, 25 but while his men were sleeping, his enemy came and sowed weeds[c] among the wheat and went away. 26 So when the plants came up and bore grain, then the weeds appeared also. 27 And the servants[d] of the master of the house came and said to him, ‘Master, did you not sow good seed in your field? How then does it have weeds?’ 28 He said to them, ‘An enemy has done this.’ So the servants said to him, ‘Then do you want us to go and gather them?’ 29 But he said, (AL)‘No, lest in gathering the weeds you root up the wheat along with them. 30 Let both grow together until the harvest, and at harvest time I will tell the reapers, (AM)“Gather the weeds first and bind them in bundles to be burned, but gather the wheat into my barn.”’”

The Mustard Seed and the Leaven

31 He put another parable before them, saying, (AN)“The kingdom of heaven is like (AO)a grain of mustard seed that a man took and sowed in his field. 32 It is the smallest of all seeds, but when it has grown it is larger than all the garden plants and becomes a tree, so that the birds of the air come and make nests in its branches.”

33 He told them another parable. (AP)“The kingdom of heaven is like leaven that a woman took and hid in (AQ)three measures of flour, till it was (AR)all leavened.”

Prophecy and Parables

34 (AS)All these things Jesus said to the crowds in parables; indeed, he said nothing to them without a parable. 35 This was to fulfill what was spoken by the prophet:[e]

(AT)“I will open my mouth in parables;
    (AU)I will utter what has been hidden (AV)since the foundation of the world.”

The Parable of the Weeds Explained

36 Then he left the crowds and went into (AW)the house. And his disciples came to him, saying, (AX)“Explain to us the parable of the weeds of the field.” 37 He answered, “The one who sows the good seed is the Son of Man. 38 The field is the world, and the good seed is (AY)the sons of the kingdom. The weeds are (AZ)the sons of the evil one, 39 and the enemy who sowed them is the devil. (BA)The harvest is (BB)the end of the age, and the reapers are angels. 40 Just as the weeds (BC)are gathered and burned with fire, so will it be at (BD)the end of the age. 41 (BE)The Son of Man will send his angels, and they will gather out of his kingdom all (BF)causes of sin and (BG)all law-breakers, 42 (BH)and throw them into the fiery furnace. In that place (BI)there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth. 43 Then (BJ)the righteous will shine like the sun (BK)in the kingdom of their Father. (BL)He who has ears, let him hear.

The Parable of the Hidden Treasure

44 “The kingdom of heaven (BM)is like treasure hidden in a field, which a man found and covered up. Then in his joy (BN)he goes and sells all that he has and (BO)buys that field.

The Parable of the Pearl of Great Value

45 “Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a merchant in search of fine pearls, 46 who, on finding (BP)one pearl of great value, (BQ)went and sold all that he had and (BR)bought it.

The Parable of the Net

47 “Again, the kingdom of heaven is (BS)like a net that was thrown into the sea and (BT)gathered fish of every kind. 48 When it was full, (BU)men drew it ashore and sat down and sorted the good into containers but threw away the bad. 49 So it will be at (BV)the end of the age. The angels will come out and (BW)separate the evil from the righteous 50 (BX)and throw them into the fiery furnace. In that place (BY)there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.

New and Old Treasures

51 (BZ)“Have you understood all these things?” They said to him, “Yes.” 52 And he said to them, “Therefore every (CA)scribe (CB)who has been trained for the kingdom of heaven is like a master of a house, who (CC)brings out of his treasure what is new and what is old.”

Jesus Rejected at Nazareth

53 And when Jesus had finished these parables, he went away from there, 54 (CD)and coming to (CE)his hometown (CF)he taught them in their synagogue, so that (CG)they were astonished, and said, “Where did this man get this wisdom and these mighty works? 55 (CH)Is not this (CI)the carpenter's[f] son? Is not his mother called Mary? And are not (CJ)his brothers James and Joseph and Simon and Judas? 56 And are not all his sisters with us? Where then did this man get all these things?” 57 And (CK)they took offense at him. But Jesus said to them, (CL)“A prophet is not without honor except in his hometown and in his own household.” 58 And he did not do many mighty works there, (CM)because of their unbelief.

Footnotes

  1. Matthew 13:9 Some manuscripts add here and in verse 43 to hear
  2. Matthew 13:21 Or stumbles
  3. Matthew 13:25 Probably darnel, a wheat-like weed
  4. Matthew 13:27 Or bondservants; also verse 28
  5. Matthew 13:35 Some manuscripts Isaiah the prophet
  6. Matthew 13:55 Or builder's