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ω ανοητοι γαλαται τις υμας εβασκανεν τη αληθεια μη πειθεσθαι οις κατ οφθαλμους ιησους χριστος προεγραφη εν υμιν εσταυρωμενος

τουτο μονον θελω μαθειν αφ υμων εξ εργων νομου το πνευμα ελαβετε η εξ ακοης πιστεως

ουτως ανοητοι εστε εναρξαμενοι πνευματι νυν σαρκι επιτελεισθε

τοσαυτα επαθετε εικη ειγε και εικη

ο ουν επιχορηγων υμιν το πνευμα και ενεργων δυναμεις εν υμιν εξ εργων νομου η εξ ακοης πιστεως

καθως αβρααμ επιστευσεν τω θεω και ελογισθη αυτω εις δικαιοσυνην

γινωσκετε αρα οτι οι εκ πιστεως ουτοι εισιν υιοι αβρααμ

προιδουσα δε η γραφη οτι εκ πιστεως δικαιοι τα εθνη ο θεος προευηγγελισατο τω αβρααμ οτι ενευλογηθησονται εν σοι παντα τα εθνη

ωστε οι εκ πιστεως ευλογουνται συν τω πιστω αβρααμ

10 οσοι γαρ εξ εργων νομου εισιν υπο καταραν εισιν γεγραπται γαρ επικαταρατος πας ος ουκ εμμενει εν πασιν τοις γεγραμμενοις εν τω βιβλιω του νομου του ποιησαι αυτα

11 οτι δε εν νομω ουδεις δικαιουται παρα τω θεω δηλον οτι ο δικαιος εκ πιστεως ζησεται

12 ο δε νομος ουκ εστιν εκ πιστεως αλλ ο ποιησας αυτα ανθρωπος ζησεται εν αυτοις

13 χριστος ημας εξηγορασεν εκ της καταρας του νομου γενομενος υπερ ημων καταρα γεγραπται γαρ επικαταρατος πας ο κρεμαμενος επι ξυλου

14 ινα εις τα εθνη η ευλογια του αβρααμ γενηται εν χριστω ιησου ινα την επαγγελιαν του πνευματος λαβωμεν δια της πιστεως

15 αδελφοι κατα ανθρωπον λεγω ομως ανθρωπου κεκυρωμενην διαθηκην ουδεις αθετει η επιδιατασσεται

16 τω δε αβρααμ ερρηθησαν αι επαγγελιαι και τω σπερματι αυτου ου λεγει και τοις σπερμασιν ως επι πολλων αλλ ως εφ ενος και τω σπερματι σου ος εστιν χριστος

17 τουτο δε λεγω διαθηκην προκεκυρωμενην υπο του θεου εις χριστον ο μετα ετη τετρακοσια και τριακοντα γεγονως νομος ουκ ακυροι εις το καταργησαι την επαγγελιαν

18 ει γαρ εκ νομου η κληρονομια ουκετι εξ επαγγελιας τω δε αβρααμ δι επαγγελιας κεχαρισται ο θεος

19 τι ουν ο νομος των παραβασεων χαριν προσετεθη αχρις ου ελθη το σπερμα ω επηγγελται διαταγεις δι αγγελων εν χειρι μεσιτου

20 ο δε μεσιτης ενος ουκ εστιν ο δε θεος εις εστιν

21 ο ουν νομος κατα των επαγγελιων του θεου μη γενοιτο ει γαρ εδοθη νομος ο δυναμενος ζωοποιησαι οντως αν εκ νομου ην η δικαιοσυνη

22 αλλα συνεκλεισεν η γραφη τα παντα υπο αμαρτιαν ινα η επαγγελια εκ πιστεως ιησου χριστου δοθη τοις πιστευουσιν

23 προ του δε ελθειν την πιστιν υπο νομον εφρουρουμεθα συγκεκλεισμενοι εις την μελλουσαν πιστιν αποκαλυφθηναι

24 ωστε ο νομος παιδαγωγος ημων γεγονεν εις χριστον ινα εκ πιστεως δικαιωθωμεν

25 ελθουσης δε της πιστεως ουκετι υπο παιδαγωγον εσμεν

26 παντες γαρ υιοι θεου εστε δια της πιστεως εν χριστω ιησου

27 οσοι γαρ εις χριστον εβαπτισθητε χριστον ενεδυσασθε

28 ουκ ενι ιουδαιος ουδε ελλην ουκ ενι δουλος ουδε ελευθερος ουκ ενι αρσεν και θηλυ παντες γαρ υμεις εις εστε εν χριστω ιησου

29 ει δε υμεις χριστου αρα του αβρααμ σπερμα εστε και κατ επαγγελιαν κληρονομοι

II. ARGOMENTAZIONE DOTTRINALE

L'esperienza cristiana

O stolti Gàlati, chi mai vi ha ammaliati, proprio voi agli occhi dei quali fu rappresentato al vivo Gesù Cristo crocifisso? Questo solo io vorrei sapere da voi: è per le opere della legge che avete ricevuto lo Spirito o per aver creduto alla predicazione? Siete così privi d'intelligenza che, dopo aver incominciato con lo Spirito, ora volete finire con la carne? Tante esperienze le avete fatte invano? Se almeno fosse invano! Colui che dunque vi concede lo Spirito e opera portenti in mezzo a voi, lo fa grazie alle opere della legge o perché avete creduto alla predicazione?

Testimonianza della Scrittura: la fede e la legge

Fu così che Abramo ebbe fede in Dio e gli fu accreditato come giustizia. Sappiate dunque che figli di Abramo sono quelli che vengono dalla fede. E la Scrittura, prevedendo che Dio avrebbe giustificato i pagani per la fede, preannunziò ad Abramo questo lieto annunzio: In te saranno benedette tutte le genti. Di conseguenza, quelli che hanno la fede vengono benedetti insieme ad Abramo che credette. 10 Quelli invece che si richiamano alle opere della legge, stanno sotto la maledizione, poiché sta scritto: Maledetto chiunque non rimane fedele a tutte le cose scritte nel libro della legge per praticarle. 11 E che nessuno possa giustificarsi davanti a Dio per la legge risulta dal fatto che il giusto vivrà in virtù della fede. 12 Ora la legge non si basa sulla fede; al contrario dice che chi praticherà queste cose, vivrà per esse. 13 Cristo ci ha riscattati dalla maledizione della legge, diventando lui stesso maledizione per noi, come sta scritto: Maledetto chi pende dal legno, 14 perché in Cristo Gesù la benedizione di Abramo passasse alle genti e noi ricevessimo la promessa dello Spirito mediante la fede.

La legge non ha annullato la promessa

15 Fratelli, ecco, vi faccio un esempio comune: un testamento legittimo, pur essendo solo un atto umano, nessuno lo dichiara nullo o vi aggiunge qualche cosa. 16 Ora è appunto ad Abramo e alla sua discendenza che furon fatte le promesse. Non dice la Scrittura: «e ai tuoi discendenti», come se si trattasse di molti, ma e alla tua discendenza, come a uno solo, cioè Cristo. 17 Ora io dico: un testamento stabilito in precedenza da Dio stesso, non può dichiararlo nullo una legge che è venuta quattrocentotrenta anni dopo, annullando così la promessa. 18 Se infatti l'eredità si ottenesse in base alla legge, non sarebbe più in base alla promessa; Dio invece concesse il suo favore ad Abramo mediante la promessa.

Funzione della legge e funzione della fede

19 Perché allora la legge? Essa fu aggiunta per le trasgressioni, fino alla venuta della discendenza per la quale era stata fatta la promessa, e fu promulgata per mezzo di angeli attraverso un mediatore. 20 Ora non si dà mediatore per una sola persona e Dio è uno solo. 21 La legge è dunque contro le promesse di Dio? Impossibile! Se infatti fosse stata data una legge capace di conferire la vita, la giustificazione scaturirebbe davvero dalla legge; 22 la Scrittura invece ha rinchiuso ogni cosa sotto il peccato, perché ai credenti la promessa venisse data in virtù della fede in Gesù Cristo.

23 Prima però che venisse la fede, noi eravamo rinchiusi sotto la custodia della legge, in attesa della fede che doveva essere rivelata. 24 Così la legge è per noi come un pedagogo che ci ha condotto a Cristo, perché fossimo giustificati per la fede. 25 Ma appena è giunta la fede, noi non siamo più sotto un pedagogo. 26 Tutti voi infatti siete figli di Dio per la fede in Cristo Gesù, 27 poiché quanti siete stati battezzati in Cristo, vi siete rivestiti di Cristo. 28 Non c'è più giudeo né greco; non c'è più schiavo né libero; non c'è più uomo né donna, poiché tutti voi siete uno in Cristo Gesù. 29 E se appartenete a Cristo, allora siete discendenza di Abramo, eredi secondo la promessa.

Faith or Works of the Law

You foolish(A) Galatians!(B) Who has bewitched you?(C) Before your very eyes Jesus Christ was clearly portrayed as crucified.(D) I would like to learn just one thing from you: Did you receive the Spirit(E) by the works of the law,(F) or by believing what you heard?(G) Are you so foolish? After beginning by means of the Spirit, are you now trying to finish by means of the flesh?[a] Have you experienced[b] so much in vain—if it really was in vain? So again I ask, does God give you his Spirit and work miracles(H) among you by the works of the law, or by your believing what you heard?(I) So also Abraham “believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness.”[c](J)

Understand, then, that those who have faith(K) are children of Abraham.(L) Scripture foresaw that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, and announced the gospel in advance to Abraham: “All nations will be blessed through you.”[d](M) So those who rely on faith(N) are blessed along with Abraham, the man of faith.(O)

10 For all who rely on the works of the law(P) are under a curse,(Q) as it is written: “Cursed is everyone who does not continue to do everything written in the Book of the Law.”[e](R) 11 Clearly no one who relies on the law is justified before God,(S) because “the righteous will live by faith.”[f](T) 12 The law is not based on faith; on the contrary, it says, “The person who does these things will live by them.”[g](U) 13 Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law(V) by becoming a curse for us, for it is written: “Cursed is everyone who is hung on a pole.”[h](W) 14 He redeemed us in order that the blessing given to Abraham might come to the Gentiles through Christ Jesus,(X) so that by faith we might receive the promise of the Spirit.(Y)

The Law and the Promise

15 Brothers and sisters,(Z) let me take an example from everyday life. Just as no one can set aside or add to a human covenant that has been duly established, so it is in this case. 16 The promises were spoken to Abraham and to his seed.(AA) Scripture does not say “and to seeds,” meaning many people, but “and to your seed,”[i](AB) meaning one person, who is Christ. 17 What I mean is this: The law, introduced 430 years(AC) later, does not set aside the covenant previously established by God and thus do away with the promise. 18 For if the inheritance depends on the law, then it no longer depends on the promise;(AD) but God in his grace gave it to Abraham through a promise.

19 Why, then, was the law given at all? It was added because of transgressions(AE) until the Seed(AF) to whom the promise referred had come. The law was given through angels(AG) and entrusted to a mediator.(AH) 20 A mediator,(AI) however, implies more than one party; but God is one.

21 Is the law, therefore, opposed to the promises of God? Absolutely not!(AJ) For if a law had been given that could impart life, then righteousness would certainly have come by the law.(AK) 22 But Scripture has locked up everything under the control of sin,(AL) so that what was promised, being given through faith in Jesus Christ, might be given to those who believe.

Children of God

23 Before the coming of this faith,[j] we were held in custody(AM) under the law, locked up until the faith that was to come would be revealed.(AN) 24 So the law was our guardian until Christ came(AO) that we might be justified by faith.(AP) 25 Now that this faith has come, we are no longer under a guardian.(AQ)

26 So in Christ Jesus you are all children of God(AR) through faith, 27 for all of you who were baptized into Christ(AS) have clothed yourselves with Christ.(AT) 28 There is neither Jew nor Gentile, neither slave nor free,(AU) nor is there male and female,(AV) for you are all one in Christ Jesus.(AW) 29 If you belong to Christ,(AX) then you are Abraham’s seed,(AY) and heirs(AZ) according to the promise.(BA)

Footnotes

  1. Galatians 3:3 In contexts like this, the Greek word for flesh (sarx) refers to the sinful state of human beings, often presented as a power in opposition to the Spirit.
  2. Galatians 3:4 Or suffered
  3. Galatians 3:6 Gen. 15:6
  4. Galatians 3:8 Gen. 12:3; 18:18; 22:18
  5. Galatians 3:10 Deut. 27:26
  6. Galatians 3:11 Hab. 2:4
  7. Galatians 3:12 Lev. 18:5
  8. Galatians 3:13 Deut. 21:23
  9. Galatians 3:16 Gen. 12:7; 13:15; 24:7
  10. Galatians 3:23 Or through the faithfulness of Jesus … 23 Before faith came

Justification by Faith(A)

O foolish Galatians! Who has bewitched you [a]that you should not obey the truth, before whose eyes Jesus Christ was clearly portrayed [b]among you as crucified? This only I want to learn from you: Did you receive the Spirit by the works of the law, (B)or by the hearing of faith? Are you so foolish? (C)Having begun in the Spirit, are you now being made perfect by (D)the flesh? (E)Have you suffered so [c]many things in vain—if indeed it was in vain?

Therefore He who supplies the Spirit to you and works miracles among you, does He do it by the works of the law, or by the hearing of faith?— just as Abraham (F)“believed God, and it was accounted to him for righteousness.” Therefore know that only (G)those who are of faith are sons of Abraham. And (H)the Scripture, foreseeing that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, preached the gospel to Abraham beforehand, saying, (I)“In you all the nations shall be blessed.” So then those who are of faith are blessed with believing Abraham.

The Law Brings a Curse

10 For as many as are of the works of the law are under the curse; for it is written, (J)“Cursed is everyone who does not continue in all things which are written in the book of the law, to do them.” 11 But that no one is [d]justified by the law in the sight of God is evident, for (K)“the just shall live by faith.” 12 Yet (L)the law is not of faith, but (M)“the man who does them shall live by them.”

13 (N)Christ has redeemed us from the curse of the law, having become a curse for us (for it is written, (O)“Cursed is everyone who hangs on a tree”), 14 (P)that the blessing of Abraham might come upon the (Q)Gentiles in Christ Jesus, that we might receive (R)the promise of the Spirit through faith.

The Changeless Promise(S)

15 Brethren, I speak in the manner of men: (T)Though it is only a man’s covenant, yet if it is confirmed, no one annuls or adds to it. 16 Now to Abraham and his Seed were the promises made. He does not say, “And to seeds,” as of many, but as of (U)one, (V)“And to your Seed,” who is (W)Christ. 17 And this I say, that the law, (X)which was four hundred and thirty years later, cannot annul the covenant that was confirmed before by God [e]in Christ, (Y)that it should make the promise of no effect. 18 For if (Z)the inheritance is of the law, (AA)it is no longer of promise; but God gave it to Abraham by promise.

Purpose of the Law

19 What purpose then does the law serve? (AB)It was added because of transgressions, till the (AC)Seed should come to whom the promise was made; and it was (AD)appointed through angels by the hand (AE)of a mediator. 20 Now a mediator does not mediate for one only, (AF)but God is one.

21 Is the law then against the promises of God? Certainly not! For if there had been a law given which could have given life, truly righteousness would have been by the law. 22 But the Scripture has confined (AG)all under sin, (AH)that the promise by faith in Jesus Christ might be given to those who believe. 23 But before faith came, we were kept under guard by the law, [f]kept for the faith which would afterward be revealed. 24 Therefore (AI)the law was our [g]tutor to bring us to Christ, (AJ)that we might be justified by faith. 25 But after faith has come, we are no longer under a tutor.

Sons and Heirs

26 For you (AK)are all sons of God through faith in Christ Jesus. 27 For (AL)as many of you as were baptized into Christ (AM)have put on Christ. 28 (AN)There is neither Jew nor Greek, (AO)there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male nor female; for you are all (AP)one in Christ Jesus. 29 And (AQ)if you are Christ’s, then you are Abraham’s (AR)seed, and (AS)heirs according to the promise.

Footnotes

  1. Galatians 3:1 NU omits that you should not obey the truth
  2. Galatians 3:1 NU omits among you
  3. Galatians 3:4 Or great
  4. Galatians 3:11 declared righteous
  5. Galatians 3:17 NU omits in Christ
  6. Galatians 3:23 Lit. confined
  7. Galatians 3:24 In a household, the guardian responsible for the care and discipline of the children