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Saper frenare la lingua

Fratelli miei, non siate in troppi a far da maestri. Ricordate che tutti commettiamo molti errori, e noi che insegnamo saremo giudicati da Dio più severamente degli altri.

Chi riuscisse a controllare la propria lingua, sarebbe un uomo perfetto, capace di tenere a freno qualsiasi altra parte del corpo. Guardate i cavalli. Noi mettiamo loro il morso in bocca per farci ubbidire, ed è così che li comandiamo come ci pare. Oppure, guardate le navi. Per quanto siano grandi e sospinte da forti venti, per mezzo di un piccolo timone, vengono dirette dove vuole il timoniere.

Così pure la lingua: è una piccola cosa, ma si compiace di grandi vanti! Si sa, una piccola favilla può incendiare una grande foresta. Ed anche la lingua è come un fuoco: un mondo di cattiveria che avvelena tutto il corpo e, accesa dal fuoco dellʼinferno, può mettere in fiamme tutta la nostra vita, portando disastri e distruzione.

Lʼuomo è capace di domare ogni specie di bestie feroci e dʼuccelli, rettili e pesci; e di fatto li ha domati, ma non cʼè nessuno capace di domare la lingua: essa è un male che non si può frenare, piena di veleno mortale comʼè. Noi usiamo la lingua per benedire Dio, che è nostro Padre, ma anche per maledire gli uomini che sono fatti ad immagine di Dio. 10 E così dalla stessa bocca escono benedizioni e maledizioni. No, fratelli miei, non bisogna che sia così! 11 Una fonte può forse gettare contemporaneamente acqua dolce e salata? 12 O potete, forse, fratelli miei, raccogliere olive da un albero di fichi? Oppure, dei fichi dalla vite? E neppure potete attingere acqua potabile da una fonte salata.

13 Chi di voi è saggio e intelligente? Lo dimostri con un buon comportamento e con le azioni compiute nellʼumiltà frutto della saggezza. 14 Ma, se il vostro cuore è amareggiato dalla gelosia e dallʼambizione, non vantatevi di essere saggi e buoni: questo è il peggior tipo di bugia. 15 Perché non è questa la saggezza che viene da Dio. Queste non sono cose spirituali, bensì materiali, suggerite dal diavolo. 16 Perché, dove ci sono gelosia e ambizione, ci saranno anche disordini e ogni tipo di male.

17 La saggezza che viene dal cielo, invece, prima di tutto è pura, poi pacifica, indulgente, arrendevole, piena di misericordia e di opere buone, senza ingiuste preferenze, né ipocrisia. 18 E così, quelli che si danno da fare per la pace, seminano i semi della pace e raccolgono come frutto la giustizia.

μη πολλοι διδασκαλοι γινεσθε αδελφοι μου ειδοτες οτι μειζον κριμα ληψομεθα

πολλα γαρ πταιομεν απαντες ει τις εν λογω ου πταιει ουτος τελειος ανηρ δυνατος χαλιναγωγησαι και ολον το σωμα

ιδου των ιππων τους χαλινους εις τα στοματα βαλλομεν προς το πειθεσθαι αυτους ημιν και ολον το σωμα αυτων μεταγομεν

ιδου και τα πλοια τηλικαυτα οντα και υπο σκληρων ανεμων ελαυνομενα μεταγεται υπο ελαχιστου πηδαλιου οπου αν η ορμη του ευθυνοντος βουληται

ουτως και η γλωσσα μικρον μελος εστιν και μεγαλαυχει ιδου ολιγον πυρ ηλικην υλην αναπτει

και η γλωσσα πυρ ο κοσμος της αδικιας ουτως η γλωσσα καθισταται εν τοις μελεσιν ημων η σπιλουσα ολον το σωμα και φλογιζουσα τον τροχον της γενεσεως και φλογιζομενη υπο της γεεννης

πασα γαρ φυσις θηριων τε και πετεινων ερπετων τε και εναλιων δαμαζεται και δεδαμασται τη φυσει τη ανθρωπινη

την δε γλωσσαν ουδεις δυναται ανθρωπων δαμασαι ακατασχετον κακον μεστη ιου θανατηφορου

εν αυτη ευλογουμεν τον θεον και πατερα και εν αυτη καταρωμεθα τους ανθρωπους τους καθ ομοιωσιν θεου γεγονοτας

10 εκ του αυτου στοματος εξερχεται ευλογια και καταρα ου χρη αδελφοι μου ταυτα ουτως γινεσθαι

11 μητι η πηγη εκ της αυτης οπης βρυει το γλυκυ και το πικρον

12 μη δυναται αδελφοι μου συκη ελαιας ποιησαι η αμπελος συκα ουτως ουδεμια πηγη αλυκον και γλυκυ ποιησαι υδωρ

13 τις σοφος και επιστημων εν υμιν δειξατω εκ της καλης αναστροφης τα εργα αυτου εν πραυτητι σοφιας

14 ει δε ζηλον πικρον εχετε και εριθειαν εν τη καρδια υμων μη κατακαυχασθε και ψευδεσθε κατα της αληθειας

15 ουκ εστιν αυτη η σοφια ανωθεν κατερχομενη αλλ επιγειος ψυχικη δαιμονιωδης

16 οπου γαρ ζηλος και εριθεια εκει ακαταστασια και παν φαυλον πραγμα

17 η δε ανωθεν σοφια πρωτον μεν αγνη εστιν επειτα ειρηνικη επιεικης ευπειθης μεστη ελεους και καρπων αγαθων αδιακριτος και ανυποκριτος

18 καρπος δε της δικαιοσυνης εν ειρηνη σπειρεται τοις ποιουσιν ειρηνην

Taming the Tongue

Not many of you should become teachers,(A) my fellow believers, because you know that we who teach will be judged(B) more strictly.(C) We all stumble(D) in many ways. Anyone who is never at fault in what they say(E) is perfect,(F) able to keep their whole body in check.(G)

When we put bits into the mouths of horses to make them obey us, we can turn the whole animal.(H) Or take ships as an example. Although they are so large and are driven by strong winds, they are steered by a very small rudder wherever the pilot wants to go. Likewise, the tongue is a small part of the body, but it makes great boasts.(I) Consider what a great forest is set on fire by a small spark. The tongue also is a fire,(J) a world of evil among the parts of the body. It corrupts the whole body,(K) sets the whole course of one’s life on fire, and is itself set on fire by hell.(L)

All kinds of animals, birds, reptiles and sea creatures are being tamed and have been tamed by mankind, but no human being can tame the tongue. It is a restless evil, full of deadly poison.(M)

With the tongue we praise our Lord and Father, and with it we curse human beings, who have been made in God’s likeness.(N) 10 Out of the same mouth come praise and cursing. My brothers and sisters, this should not be. 11 Can both fresh water and salt water flow from the same spring? 12 My brothers and sisters, can a fig tree bear olives, or a grapevine bear figs?(O) Neither can a salt spring produce fresh water.

Two Kinds of Wisdom

13 Who is wise and understanding among you? Let them show it(P) by their good life, by deeds(Q) done in the humility that comes from wisdom. 14 But if you harbor bitter envy and selfish ambition(R) in your hearts, do not boast about it or deny the truth.(S) 15 Such “wisdom” does not come down from heaven(T) but is earthly, unspiritual, demonic.(U) 16 For where you have envy and selfish ambition,(V) there you find disorder and every evil practice.

17 But the wisdom that comes from heaven(W) is first of all pure; then peace-loving,(X) considerate, submissive, full of mercy(Y) and good fruit, impartial and sincere.(Z) 18 Peacemakers(AA) who sow in peace reap a harvest of righteousness.(AB)

The Untamable Tongue

My brethren, (A)let not many of you become teachers, (B)knowing that we shall receive a stricter judgment. For (C)we all stumble in many things. (D)If anyone does not stumble in word, (E)he is a [a]perfect man, able also to bridle the whole body. [b]Indeed, (F)we put bits in horses’ mouths that they may obey us, and we turn their whole body. Look also at ships: although they are so large and are driven by fierce winds, they are turned by a very small rudder wherever the pilot desires. Even so (G)the tongue is a little member and (H)boasts great things.

See how great a forest a little fire kindles! And (I)the tongue is a fire, a world of [c]iniquity. The tongue is so set among our members that it (J)defiles the whole body, and sets on fire the course of [d]nature; and it is set on fire by [e]hell. For every kind of beast and bird, of reptile and creature of the sea, is tamed and has been tamed by mankind. But no man can tame the tongue. It is an unruly evil, (K)full of deadly poison. With it we bless our God and Father, and with it we curse men, who have been made (L)in the [f]similitude of God. 10 Out of the same mouth proceed blessing and cursing. My brethren, these things ought not to be so. 11 Does a spring send forth fresh water and bitter from the same opening? 12 Can a (M)fig tree, my brethren, bear olives, or a grapevine bear figs? [g]Thus no spring yields both salt water and fresh.

Heavenly Versus Demonic Wisdom

13 (N)Who is wise and understanding among you? Let him show by good conduct that his works are done in the meekness of wisdom. 14 But if you have (O)bitter envy and [h]self-seeking in your hearts, (P)do not boast and lie against the truth. 15 (Q)This wisdom does not descend from above, but is earthly, sensual, demonic. 16 For (R)where envy and self-seeking exist, confusion and every evil thing are there. 17 But (S)the wisdom that is from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, willing to yield, full of mercy and good fruits, (T)without partiality (U)and without hypocrisy. 18 (V)Now the fruit of righteousness is sown in peace by those who make peace.

Footnotes

  1. James 3:2 mature
  2. James 3:3 NU Now if
  3. James 3:6 unrighteousness
  4. James 3:6 existence
  5. James 3:6 Gr. Gehenna
  6. James 3:9 likeness
  7. James 3:12 NU Neither can a salty spring produce fresh water.
  8. James 3:14 selfish ambition