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출애굽기 12
Korean Bible: Easy-to-Read Version

유월절

12 모세와 아론이 아직도 이집트에 있을 때 주께서 그들에게 말씀하셨다. 2 “이제부터 너희는 이 달[a]을 한 해의 첫 달로 삼아라. 3 너희는 이스라엘 온 회중에게 전하여라. 이 달 십 일에 각 집에서 양 한 마리씩을 마련하여라. 4 한 집의 식구가 너무 적어서 양 한 마리를 다 먹을 수 없으면 가장 가까이 사는 이웃과 어울러 양을 마련하여라. 사람들의 수와 한 사람이 얼마나 먹을 지를 가늠하여 양의 값을 나누어 내도록 하여라. 5 너희가 마련할 짐승은 일 년 된 수컷이어야 한다. 양이나 염소 가운데서 한 마리를 고르되 흠이 없는 것이어야 한다. 6 마련한 짐승은 이 달 십사 일까지 잘 두었다가 그날 해질녘에 이스라엘 온 회중이 같이 잡도록 하여라. 7 그리고 짐승의 피 얼마를 받아서 잡은 양을 먹을 집의 문에 발라야 한다. 문의 양 옆 기둥과 상인방[b]에 바르도록 하여라.

8 바로 그날 밤에 고기를 불에 구워서 먹어라. 그리고 누룩을 넣지 않은 빵과 쓴 나물을 같이 먹어라. 9 날고기를 먹거나 삶아서 익힌 고기를 먹어서는 안 된다. 머리와 다리와 내장 모두를 반드시 불에 구워 먹어야 한다. 10 다음 날 아침까지 고기를 남겨 두어서도 안 된다. 아침까지 남은 것이 있으면 태워 없애야 한다.

11 너희가 고기를 먹을 때에는 이렇게 하여라. 겉옷은 띠를 둘러 묵고, 발에는 신을 신고, 손에는 지팡이를 들고 서둘러 먹어라. 이 날은 주의 유월절이기 때문이다.

12 그날 밤에 내가 이집트 땅을 지나가면서 맏이로 태어난 것을 모두 죽이겠다. 사람이나 짐승을 가리지 않고 맏이로 난 것을 다 죽이겠다. 내가 이집트의 모든 신들에게 심판을 내리겠다. 나는 주다. 13 너희가 문에 바른 피는 너희가 그 집에 있다는 표이다. 나는 그 피를 보고 너희를 지나갈[c] 것이다. 내가 이집트 땅을 칠 때에 어떤 재앙도 너희를 멸하지 않을 것이다.

14 이날은 너희가 기념해야 할 날이다. 너희는 이 날을 주 앞에서 축제로 지켜라. 자손 대대로 이날을 영원한 관습으로 삼고 축하하여라. 15 너희는 이레 동안 누룩을 넣지 않은 빵을 먹어야 한다. 첫날 집안에 있는 누룩을 모두 없애 버려라. 첫날부터 이레째 되는 날까지 누룩을 넣은 빵을 먹은 사람은 모두 이스라엘에서 끊어 버려야 한다. 16 너희는 첫날에 거룩한 모임을 열고 이레째 되는 날에도 다시 열어라. 그리고 이 기간 동안에는 각 사람이 먹을 음식을 마련하는 일 말고는 어떤 일도 하지 말아라. 17 너희는 누룩 없는 빵을 먹는 명절을 지켜야 한다. 바로 이날 내가 너희를 부대별로[d] 이집트에서 데리고 나왔기 때문이다. 너희는 자손 대대로 이날을 영원한 관습으로 삼고 지켜야 한다. 18 이렇게 첫째 달 십사 일 저녁부터 그달 이십일 일 저녁까지 누룩을 넣지 않은 빵을 먹어라. 19 그 이레 동안 집안 어디에도 누룩이 있어서는 안 된다. 그 기간 동안에 누룩이 든 음식을 먹는 사람은 같이 사는 나그네[e]이든 본국인이든 이스라엘 회중에서 끊어내야 한다. 20 이 명절에는 누룩이 든 음식을 먹어서는 안 된다. 너희는 어디 가서 살든지 누룩 없는 빵을 먹어야 한다.”

21 모세가 이스라엘의 모든 장로를 불러 말하였다. “여러분은 즉시 가서 여러분의 가족을 위한 양을 골라서 유월절 양을 잡으십시오. 22 우슬초를 한 묶음 구하여 그릇에 받아 놓은 피를 적시어 문의 양 옆 기둥과 상인방에 바르십시오. 아침이 될 때까지 여러분 가운데 어느 한 사람도 자기 집 문 밖으로 나가지 마십시오. 23 주께서 이집트 사람들을 치시려고 온 땅을 두루 지나 가실 때에 문틀의 양 옆과 위에 바른 피를 보시면 그냥 지나가실 것입니다. 파괴자가 여러분의 집에 들어가 여러분을 해치지 못하게 주께서 막아 주실 것입니다. 24 여러분과 여러분의 자손들은 이 지시사항들을 영원한 관습으로 삼고 그대로 지키십시오. 25 주께서 여러분에게 주시겠다고 약속하신 땅에 들어가서도 이 예식을 지키십시오. 26 여러분의 자녀들이 ‘이 예식이 무슨 뜻입니까?’하고 물을 것입니다. 27 그러면 여러분은 이렇게 대답하십시오. ‘이것은 주께 드리는 유월절 제사이다. 우리가 이집트에 있을 때에 주께서 이스라엘 자손의 집은 그냥 지나가셨다[f]. 이집트 사람을 치실 적에 우리의 집은 구해 주셨다.’라고.” 사람들은 이 말을 듣고 엎드려 주를 경배하였다.

28 이스라엘 사람들은 돌아가서 주께서 모세와 아론에게 명령하신 대로 하였다.

29 자정이 되자 주께서 이집트에서 맏이로 태어난 것들을 모두 치셨다. 임금의 자리에 앉아 있는 파라오의 맏아들부터 감옥에 갇혀 있는 죄수의 맏아들과 짐승의 처음 난 새끼까지 다 치셨다. 30 파라오를 비롯하여 그의 모든 신하와 이집트 백성이 잠자리에서 일어났다. 이집트의 온 땅에 큰 통곡 소리가 터져 나왔다. 죽은 사람이 없는 집이 단 한 집도 없었기 때문이다.

이스라엘이 이집트를 떠나다

31 그날 밤 파라오가 모세와 아론을 불러 말하였다. “당장 일어나서 떠나라. 너희와 이스라엘 자손은 모두 내 백성 가운데서 나가라. 가서 너희가 요구한 대로 주께 예배드려라. 32 너희가 말한 대로 소 떼와 양 떼도 다 몰고 가라. 그리고 나를 위해서 복이나 빌어다오.” 33 이집트 사람들도 이스라엘 백성에게 서둘러 자기네 땅을 떠나라고 재촉하였다. 그들은 “너희가 빨리 떠나지 않으면 우리는 모두 죽은 목숨이다.”라고 말하였다.

34 이스라엘 사람들은 채 누룩도 넣지 않은 빵 반죽을 그릇째 옷에 싸서 어깨에 둘러메고 떠났다. 35 그들은 모세가 지시한 대로 이집트 사람들에게 금과 은으로 만든 물건들과 옷을 달라고 하였다. 36 주께서 이집트 사람들이 이스라엘 사람들에게 호감을 갖게 해 주셨다. 그리하여 이집트 사람들은 이스라엘 사람들이 달라는 것을 주었다. 이렇게 하여 이스라엘 사람들이 이집트 사람들의 물건을 빼앗았다.

37 이스라엘 사람들은 라암셋을 떠나 숙곳으로 갔다. 여자와 아이들을 빼고 남자 어른만 육십만 명이었다. 38 다른 여러 민족도 이스라엘 사람들을 따라 나섰다. 그리고 엄청 큰 양 떼와 소 떼도 그들과 함께 갔다. 39 이스라엘 사람들은 이집트에서 들고 나온 빵 반죽으로 누룩을 넣지 않은 빵을 구웠다. 그들은 이집트에서 급히 쫓겨 나왔으므로 먹을 것을 제대로 장만할 시간이 없었기 때문이었다.

40 이스라엘 자손은 이집트[g] 땅에서 사백삼십 년 동안 살았다. 41 그리고 사백삼십 년이 끝나는 바로 그 날 주의 모든 군대[h]가 이집트에서 나왔다. 42 그날 밤은 주께서 이스라엘 자손을 이집트 땅에서 데리고 나오시느라 온 밤을 지새우며 지켜주신 밤이다. 그리하여 바로 이날 밤이 이스라엘 자손이 주님을 생각하며 자손 대대로 지새워야 하는 밤인 것이다.

43 주께서 모세와 아론에게 말씀하셨다. “유월절을 지키는 규칙은 이러하다.

외국인은 아무도 유월절 제물을 먹어서는 안 된다. 44 그러나 돈으로 사들인 노예는 네가 그에게 할례를 베푼 뒤에는 유월절 제물을 먹어도 좋다. 45 임시로 머무는 나그네와 품삯을 주고 쓰는 종은 먹을 수 없다.

46 유월절 제물은 한 집에서 먹어야 한다. 그 고기를 조금이라도 집 밖으로 가지고 나가서는 안 된다. 뼈는 하나라도 부러뜨리지 말아라. 47 이스라엘 회중 모두가 이 유월절 의식을 지켜야 한다.

48 만약 너희 가운데 눌러 사는 외국인이 너와 함께 살면서 주의 유월절을 지키고 싶어 하는 경우가 있을 것이다. 그에게 속한 모든 남자가 할례를 받으면 그 사람도 유월절을 지킬 수 있다. 그는 토박이 이스라엘 사람과 같아진다. 그러나 할례를 받지 않은 남자가 유월절 제물을 먹어서는 안 된다. 49 토박이 이스라엘 사람에게나 너희 가운데 눌러 살고 있는 외국인에게나 똑같은 법이 적용된다.”

50 모든 이스라엘 사람이 주께서 모세와 아론에게 명령하신 대로 하였다. 51 바로 그날 주께서 이스라엘 자손을 부대별로 이집트에서 이끌어 내셨다.

Footnotes

  1. 12:2 이 달 곧 아빕 월. 대체로 3월 중순에서 4월 중순에 이르는 기간
  2. 12:7 상인방 문, 창 등의 위로 가로지른 나무. 22절
  3. 12:13 지나갈 또는 ‘보호할’
  4. 12:17 부대별로 또는 ‘분대별로’. 이것은 이스라엘이 군대처럼 조직되어 있었음을 보여주는 군대 용어이다.
  5. 12:19 나그네 외국인으로서 그 지방 사람들 가운데 자리 잡고 사는 사람을 뜻한다.
  6. 12:27 지나가셨다 또는 ‘보호해 주셨다.’
  7. 12:40 이집트 고대 그리스어 번역과 사마리아어 번역본에서는 ‘이집트와 가나안’으로 되어 있다. 이것은 요셉의 시대가 아니라 아브라함의 시대를 기준으로 하였음을 나타낸다. 창 15:12-16; 갈 3:17절을 볼 것.
  8. 12:41 주의 모든 군대 이스라엘 백성을 뜻한다.
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Exodus 12
New International Version

The Passover and the Festival of Unleavened Bread(A)

12 The Lord said to Moses and Aaron in Egypt, 2 “This month is to be for you the first month,(B) the first month of your year. 3 Tell the whole community of Israel that on the tenth day of this month each man is to take a lamb[a](C) for his family, one for each household.(D) 4 If any household is too small for a whole lamb, they must share one with their nearest neighbor, having taken into account the number of people there are. You are to determine the amount of lamb needed in accordance with what each person will eat. 5 The animals you choose must be year-old males without defect,(E) and you may take them from the sheep or the goats. 6 Take care of them until the fourteenth day of the month,(F) when all the members of the community of Israel must slaughter them at twilight.(G) 7 Then they are to take some of the blood(H) and put it on the sides and tops of the doorframes of the houses where they eat the lambs. 8 That same night(I) they are to eat the meat roasted(J) over the fire, along with bitter herbs,(K) and bread made without yeast.(L) 9 Do not eat the meat raw or boiled in water, but roast it over a fire—with the head, legs and internal organs.(M) 10 Do not leave any of it till morning;(N) if some is left till morning, you must burn it. 11 This is how you are to eat it: with your cloak tucked into your belt, your sandals on your feet and your staff in your hand. Eat it in haste;(O) it is the Lord’s Passover.(P)

12 “On that same night I will pass through(Q) Egypt and strike down(R) every firstborn(S) of both people and animals, and I will bring judgment on all the gods(T) of Egypt. I am the Lord.(U) 13 The blood will be a sign for you on the houses where you are, and when I see the blood, I will pass over(V) you. No destructive plague will touch you when I strike Egypt.(W)

14 “This is a day you are to commemorate;(X) for the generations to come you shall celebrate it as a festival to the Lord—a lasting ordinance.(Y) 15 For seven days you are to eat bread made without yeast.(Z) On the first day remove the yeast from your houses, for whoever eats anything with yeast in it from the first day through the seventh must be cut off(AA) from Israel. 16 On the first day hold a sacred assembly, and another one on the seventh day. Do no work(AB) at all on these days, except to prepare food for everyone to eat; that is all you may do.

17 “Celebrate the Festival of Unleavened Bread,(AC) because it was on this very day that I brought your divisions out of Egypt.(AD) Celebrate this day as a lasting ordinance for the generations to come.(AE) 18 In the first month(AF) you are to eat bread made without yeast, from the evening of the fourteenth day until the evening of the twenty-first day. 19 For seven days no yeast is to be found in your houses. And anyone, whether foreigner(AG) or native-born, who eats anything with yeast in it must be cut off(AH) from the community of Israel. 20 Eat nothing made with yeast. Wherever you live,(AI) you must eat unleavened bread.”(AJ)

21 Then Moses summoned all the elders of Israel and said to them, “Go at once and select the animals for your families and slaughter the Passover(AK) lamb. 22 Take a bunch of hyssop,(AL) dip it into the blood in the basin and put some of the blood(AM) on the top and on both sides of the doorframe. None of you shall go out of the door of your house until morning. 23 When the Lord goes through the land to strike(AN) down the Egyptians, he will see the blood(AO) on the top and sides of the doorframe and will pass over(AP) that doorway, and he will not permit the destroyer(AQ) to enter your houses and strike you down.

24 “Obey these instructions as a lasting ordinance(AR) for you and your descendants. 25 When you enter the land(AS) that the Lord will give you as he promised, observe this ceremony. 26 And when your children(AT) ask you, ‘What does this ceremony mean to you?’ 27 then tell them, ‘It is the Passover(AU) sacrifice to the Lord, who passed over the houses of the Israelites in Egypt and spared our homes when he struck down the Egyptians.’”(AV) Then the people bowed down and worshiped.(AW) 28 The Israelites did just what the Lord commanded(AX) Moses and Aaron.

29 At midnight(AY) the Lord(AZ) struck down all the firstborn(BA) in Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh, who sat on the throne, to the firstborn of the prisoner, who was in the dungeon, and the firstborn of all the livestock(BB) as well. 30 Pharaoh and all his officials and all the Egyptians got up during the night, and there was loud wailing(BC) in Egypt, for there was not a house without someone dead.

The Exodus

31 During the night Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Up! Leave my people, you and the Israelites! Go, worship(BD) the Lord as you have requested. 32 Take your flocks and herds,(BE) as you have said, and go. And also bless(BF) me.”

33 The Egyptians urged the people to hurry(BG) and leave(BH) the country. “For otherwise,” they said, “we will all die!”(BI) 34 So the people took their dough before the yeast was added, and carried it on their shoulders in kneading troughs(BJ) wrapped in clothing. 35 The Israelites did as Moses instructed and asked the Egyptians for articles of silver and gold(BK) and for clothing.(BL) 36 The Lord had made the Egyptians favorably disposed(BM) toward the people, and they gave them what they asked for; so they plundered(BN) the Egyptians.

37 The Israelites journeyed from Rameses(BO) to Sukkoth.(BP) There were about six hundred thousand men(BQ) on foot, besides women and children. 38 Many other people(BR) went up with them, and also large droves of livestock, both flocks and herds. 39 With the dough the Israelites had brought from Egypt, they baked loaves of unleavened bread. The dough was without yeast because they had been driven out(BS) of Egypt and did not have time to prepare food for themselves.

40 Now the length of time the Israelite people lived in Egypt[b] was 430 years.(BT) 41 At the end of the 430 years, to the very day, all the Lord’s divisions(BU) left Egypt.(BV) 42 Because the Lord kept vigil that night to bring them out of Egypt, on this night all the Israelites are to keep vigil to honor the Lord for the generations to come.(BW)

Passover Restrictions

43 The Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “These are the regulations for the Passover meal:(BX)

“No foreigner(BY) may eat it. 44 Any slave you have bought may eat it after you have circumcised(BZ) him, 45 but a temporary resident or a hired worker(CA) may not eat it.

46 “It must be eaten inside the house; take none of the meat outside the house. Do not break any of the bones.(CB) 47 The whole community of Israel must celebrate it.

48 “A foreigner residing among you who wants to celebrate the Lord’s Passover must have all the males in his household circumcised; then he may take part like one born in the land.(CC) No uncircumcised(CD) male may eat it. 49 The same law applies both to the native-born and to the foreigner(CE) residing among you.”

50 All the Israelites did just what the Lord had commanded(CF) Moses and Aaron. 51 And on that very day the Lord brought the Israelites out of Egypt(CG) by their divisions.(CH)

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 12:3 The Hebrew word can mean lamb or kid; also in verse 4.
  2. Exodus 12:40 Masoretic Text; Samaritan Pentateuch and Septuagint Egypt and Canaan
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Exodus 12
Amplified Bible

The Passover Lamb

12 The Lord said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, 2 “This [a]month shall be the beginning of months to you; it is to be the first month of the year to you. 3 Tell all the congregation of Israel, ‘On the tenth [day] of this month they are to take a lamb or young goat for themselves, according to [the size of] the household of which he is the father, a lamb or young goat for each household. 4 Now if the household is too small for a lamb [to be consumed], let him and his next door neighbor take one according to the number of people [in the households]; according to what each man can eat, you are to divide the lamb. 5 Your lamb or young goat shall be [perfect] without blemish or bodily defect, a male a year old; you may take it from the sheep or from the goats.(A) 6 You shall keep it until the fourteenth day of the same month, then the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel is to slaughter it [b]at twilight. 7 Moreover, they shall take some of the blood and put it on the two doorposts and on the lintel [above the door] of the houses in which they eat it.(B) 8 They shall eat the meat that same night, roasted in fire, and they shall eat it with unleavened bread and bitter herbs. 9 Do not eat any of it raw or boiled in water, but roasted in fire—both its head and its legs, along with its inner parts. 10 You shall let none of the meat remain until the morning, and anything that remains left over until morning, you shall burn completely in the fire. 11 Now you are to eat it in this manner: [be prepared for a journey] with your [c]loins girded [that is, with the outer garment tucked into the band], your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand; you shall eat it quickly—it is the Lord’s Passover. 12 For I [the Lord] will pass through the land of Egypt on this night, and will strike down all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and animal; against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgments [exhibiting their worthlessness]. I am the Lord. 13 The blood shall be a sign for you on [the doorposts of] the houses where you live; when I see the blood I shall pass over you, and no affliction shall happen to you to destroy you when I strike the land of Egypt.(C)

Feast of Unleavened Bread

14 ‘Now this day will be a memorial to you, and you shall keep it as a feast to the Lord; throughout your generations you are to celebrate it as an ordinance forever. 15 [In the celebration of the Passover in future years,] seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, but on the first day you shall remove the [d]leaven from your houses [because it represents the spread of sin]; for whoever eats leavened bread on the first day through the seventh day, that person shall be cut off and excluded from [the atonement made for] Israel. 16 On the first day [of the feast] you shall have a holy and solemn assembly, and on the seventh day there shall be another holy and solemn assembly; no work of any kind shall be done on those days, except for the preparation of food which every person must eat—only that may be done by you. 17 You shall also observe the Feast of Unleavened Bread, because on this very day I brought your hosts [grouped according to tribal armies] out of the land of Egypt; therefore you shall observe this day throughout your generations as an ordinance forever. 18 In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at evening, you shall eat unleavened bread, [and continue] until the twenty-first day of the month at evening. 19 Seven days no leaven shall be found in your houses; whoever eats what is leavened shall be cut off and excluded from [the atonement made for] the congregation of Israel, whether a stranger or native-born.(D) 20 You shall eat nothing leavened; in all your dwellings you shall eat unleavened bread.’”

21 Then Moses called for all the elders of Israel and said to them, “Go and take a lamb for yourselves according to [the size of] your families and slaughter the Passover lamb. 22 You shall take a bunch of [e]hyssop, dip it in the blood which is in the basin, and touch some of the blood to the lintel [above the doorway] and to the two doorposts; and none of you shall go outside the door of his house until morning.

A Memorial of Redemption

23 For the Lord will pass through to strike the Egyptians; and when He sees the blood on the lintel [above the entry way] and on the two doorposts, the Lord will pass over the door and will not allow [f]the destroyer to come into your houses to slay you. 24 You shall observe this event [concerning Passover] as an ordinance for you and for your children forever. 25 When you enter the land which the Lord will give you, as He has promised, you shall keep and observe this service. 26 When your children say to you, ‘What does this service mean to you?’ 27 you shall say, ‘It is the sacrifice of the Lord’s Passover, for He passed over the houses of the Israelites in Egypt when He struck the Egyptians, but spared our houses.’” And the people bowed [their heads] low and worshiped [God].

28 Then the Israelites went and did [as they had been told]: just as the Lord had commanded Moses and Aaron, so they did.

29 Now it happened at midnight that the Lord struck every firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his throne to the firstborn of the prisoner who was in the [g]dungeon, and all the firstborn of the cattle. 30 Pharaoh got up in the night, he and all his servants and all the Egyptians, and there was a great cry [of heartache and sorrow] in Egypt, for there was no house where there was not someone dead. 31 Then he called for Moses and Aaron at night and said, “Get up, get out from among my people, both you and the Israelites; and go, serve the Lord, as you said. 32 Take both your flocks and your herds, as you have said, and go, and [ask your God to] bless me also.”

Exodus of Israel

33 The Egyptians [anxiously] urged the people [to leave], to send them out of the land quickly, for they said, “We will all be dead.” 34 So the people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneading bowls being bound up in their clothes on their shoulders.

35 Now the Israelites had acted in accordance with the word of Moses; and they had asked the Egyptians for articles of silver and articles of gold, and clothing. 36 The Lord gave the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they gave them what they asked. And so they plundered the Egyptians [of those things].

37 Now the Israelites journeyed from Rameses to Succoth, about six hundred thousand men on foot, besides [the women and] the children. 38 A mixed multitude [of non-Israelites from foreign nations] also went with them, along with both flocks and herds, a very large number of livestock.(E) 39 And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought from Egypt; it was not leavened, since they were driven [quickly] from Egypt and could not delay, nor had they prepared any food for themselves.

40 Now the period of time the children of Israel lived in Egypt was four hundred and thirty years.(F) 41 At the end of the four hundred and thirty years, to that very day, all the hosts of the Lord [gathered into tribal armies] left the land of Egypt.

Ordinance of the Passover

42 It is a night of watching to be observed for the Lord for having brought them out of the land of Egypt; this [same] night is for the Lord, to be observed and celebrated by all the Israelites throughout their generations.

43 The Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “This is the ordinance of the Passover: no [h]foreigner is to eat it; 44 but every man’s slave who is bought with money, after you have circumcised him, then he may eat it. 45 No stranger (temporary resident, foreigner) or hired servant shall eat it. 46 It is to be eaten inside one house; you shall not take any of the meat outside the house, nor shall you break any of its bones.(G) 47 The entire congregation of Israel shall keep and celebrate it. 48 If a stranger living temporarily among you wishes to celebrate the Passover to the Lord, all his males must be circumcised, and then he may participate and celebrate it like one that is born in the land. But no uncircumcised person may eat it. 49 The same law shall apply to the native-born and to the stranger who lives temporarily among you.”

50 Then all the Israelites did so; they did just as the Lord had commanded Moses and Aaron. 51 And on that very same day the Lord brought the Israelites out of the land of Egypt by their hosts (tribal armies).

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 12:2 Originally known as Abib (March/April), after the Babylonian captivity the name was changed to Nisan.
  2. Exodus 12:6 Lit between the two evenings, that is, between sunset and nightfall (likely 6:00-7:20 p.m.) each household was to slaughter its own lamb or goat.
  3. Exodus 12:11 A variation of a phrase often found in the Bible that is an urgent call to get ready for immediate action, or to prepare for a coming action or event. The phrase is related to the type of clothing worn in ancient times. To keep from impeding the wearer during any vigorous activity, e.g. battle, exercise, strenuous work, etc., the loose ends of garments (tunics, cloaks, mantles, etc.) had to be gathered up and tucked into the girdle. The girdle was a band about six inches wide that had fasteners in front. It was worn around the loins (the midsection of the body between the lower ribs and the hips) and was normally made of leather. The girdle (band) also served as a kind of pocket or pouch and was used to carry personal items such as a dagger, money or other necessary things. Gird up your mind or gird up your heart are examples of variants of this phrase and call for mental or spiritual preparation for a coming challenge.
  4. Exodus 12:15 This is the first time leaven is mentioned in the Bible. The Hebrew word (seor) refers specifically to the leavening agent (as opposed to dough containing it), which today is thought of as yeast, a type of fungus. In Jewish thinking, leaven was symbolic of impurity and corruption. As leaven spreads through dough, sin spreads through a population. Jesus used it as a symbol for the corrupt and hypocritical teachings of the Pharisees and Sadducees (see especially Luke 12:1; cf Matt 16:11; Mark 8:15), but He also used leaven’s ability to permeate a mass of dough many times its own size as an illustration of the spread of the kingdom of heaven (Matt 13:33; Luke 13:21).
  5. Exodus 12:22 This evidently was a bristly plant which was useful as a kind of brush.
  6. Exodus 12:23 Another translation is “the destruction,” which would make Yahweh (God) Himself, and not an “Angel of the Lord,” the One who either “passes over” (Ex 12:13) or “destroys.”
  7. Exodus 12:29 Lit house of a cistern. Cisterns, which were underground water reservoirs, were, when dry, sometimes used to confine prisoners.
  8. Exodus 12:43 I.e. a gentile who had not become a proselyte to Judaism; but see v 48 for an exception.
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