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아굴의 교훈

30 이것은 야게의 아들인 아굴이 이디엘과 우갈에게 일러 준 교훈이다:

나는 너무 어리석어서 짐승만도 못하며 내게는 사람이 마땅히 가져야 할 지각이 없다.

나는 지혜를 배운 적도 없고 또 거룩하신 분을 아는 지식도 없다.

하늘에 올라갔다가 내려온 자가 누구인가? 바람을 오목한 손에 모은 자가 누구인가? 물을 옷에 싼 자가 누구이며 땅의 모든 끝을 정한 자가 누구인가? 그의 이름이 무엇이며 그 아들의 이름이 무엇인지 네가 알면 말해 보아라.

하나님의 말씀은 순수하여 그를 피난처로 삼는 자에게 방패가 되신다.

너는 그의 말씀에 아무것도 더하지 말아라. 그렇지 않으면 그가 너를 책망하실 것이며 너는 거짓말쟁이가 될 것이다.

[a]나는 하나님께 이렇게 기도한 적이 있다. “내가 두 가지 일을 주께 구합니다. 내가 죽기 전에 이것을 허락하소서:

내가 속이고 거짓말하지 않도록 나를 도우시며 나를 가난하게도 부하게도 하지 마시고 다만 나에게 매일 필요한 양식을 주소서.

그렇지 않으면 내가 배불러서 주를 저버리고 여호와가 누구냐고 말하거나, 아니면 내가 가난해서 남의 것을 도둑질하여 내 하나님의 이름을 욕되게 할까 두렵습니다.”

10 너는 남의 종에 대하여 그 주인에게 비난하지 말아라. 그렇지 않으면 그가 너를 저주하여 네가 그 대가를 단단히 받게 될 것이다.

11 자기 아버지를 저주하고 자기 어머니를 축복하지 않는 사람이 있으며

12 스스로 깨끗한 체하면서도 자기의 더러움을 씻지 않는 사람이 있다.

13 눈이 대단히 높고 거만한 자가 있으며

14 가난하고 불쌍한 사람들을 잔인하게 착취하여 자기 영리만을 추구하는 자들이 있다.

15-16 [b]거머리처럼 지칠 줄 모르며 족하지 않다고 말하는 것이 서넛 있으 니 그것은 지옥과 임신하지 못하는 태와 비로도 흡족해 하지 않는 메마른 땅과 걷잡을 수 없이 타오르는 불길이다.

17 자기 아버지를 조롱하며 자기 어머니를 업신여기는 자의 눈은 골짜기의 까마귀에게 쪼이고 독수리 새끼에게 먹힐 것이다.

18 너무 신기해서 내가 깨닫지 못하는 것이 서넛 있으니

19 그것은 공중에 날아다니는 독수리의 자취와 바위 위로 기어다니는 뱀의 자취와 바다 한가운데서 길을 찾아다니는 배의 자취와 남자가 처녀와 음행한 자취이다.

20 그리고 음란한 여자의 자취도 마찬가지이다. 그녀는 나쁜 짓을 하고서도 시치미를 떼고 “나는 아무것도 잘못한 것이 없다” 라고 말한다.

21 [c]세상이 도저히 용납할 수 없는 것이 서넛 있으니

22 종이 임금이 되는 것과 미련한 자가 배부른 것과

23 사랑받지 못하는 여자가 시집가는 것과 계집 종이 자기 여주인의 자리를 차지하는 것이다.

24 세상에는 작아도 아주 지혜로운 동물이 넷 있으니

25 그것은 힘이 없지만 먹을 것을 여름에 부지런히 저장하는 개미와

26 약하지만 바위산에 집을 짓고 사는 너구리와

27 왕은 없지만 대열을 지어 나아가는 메뚜기와

28 손으로 잡을 수 있을 정도이지만 왕궁에 사는 도마뱀이다.

29 의젓하고 위풍 있게 걸어다니는 것이 서넛 있으니

30 그것은 모든 짐승 중에 가장 강하며 어떤 짐승 앞에서도 물러설 줄 모르는 사자와

31 [d]으스대며 걷는 수탉과 숫염소와 군대를 거느린 왕이다.

32 네가 만일 미련하게도 잘난 체하였거나 악한 일을 계획했다면 네 손으로 입을 막아라.

33 우유를 저으면 버터가 되고 코를 비틀면 피가 나는 것처럼 분노를 일으키면 다툼이 생긴다.

Footnotes

  1. 30:7 암시됨.
  2. 30:15-16 원문에는 ‘거머리에게는두딸이있어다고다고하느니라’
  3. 30:21 또는 ‘세상을 진동시키며 세상으로 견딜 수 없게 하는 것이’
  4. 30:31 또는 ‘사냥개와’

The Oracle of Agur

30 The words of Agur, son of Yakeh, the oracle.
    Thus says the man to Ithiel, to Ithiel, and Ucal:[a]
Certainly I am more stupid than a man,
    and the understanding of humankind is not for me.
And I have not learned wisdom,
    nor will I know knowledge of the Holy One.[b]
Who has ascended to heaven and come down?
    Who has gathered the wind in the hollow of his hand?
    Who has wrapped water in a[c] garment?
    Who has established all the ends of the earth?
    What is his name and what is the name of his child?
    For surely you know.
Every word of God is flawless;
    he is a shield for him who takes refuge in him.
Do not add to his words
    lest he rebuke you and you be found a liar.
Two things I ask from you;
    do not deny me before I die:
Keep falsehood and a lying word[d] far from me;
    do not give me poverty or wealth;
    provide me with food only for my need.
Or else I will be satisfied and will deny him
    and say “Who is Yahweh?”
Or[e] I will be poor and will steal
    and profane the name of my God.
10 Do not slander a servant to his master,
    or else he will curse you and you will be guilty.
11 There is a generation that will curse its father,
    and its mother it will not bless.
12 There is a generation that is pure in its own eyes,
    but from its filthiness it will not be cleansed.
13 There is a generation—how lofty are their eyes!
    And their eyelids they will lift.
14 There is a generation whose teeth are swords,
    and its jawbones, knives,
in order to devour the poor from the earth[f]
    and the needy from humankind.
15 For the leech, there are two daughters;
    “Give, give!” they cry.
As for three of these, they are not satisfied;
    as for four, they do not say enough.
16 Sheol[g] and barrenness of womb,
    the land is not satisfied with water,
    and fire does not say “enough!”
17 The eye that mocks a father
    and scorns the obedience of a mother—
the ravens of the valley will peck it out,
    and the offspring of vultures will eat it.
18 Three of these are too wonderful for me,
    and four, I do not understand them:
19 the way of the eagle in the sky,
    the way of a snake on a rock,
    the way of a ship in the heart of the sea,
    and the way of a man with a young woman.
20 This is the way of a woman committing adultery:
    she eats and wipes her mouth,
    and says “I have not done wrong.”
21 Under three things the earth[h] trembles,
    and under four, it is not able to bear up:
22 under a slave when he becomes king,
    and a fool when he is satisfied with food;
23 under an unloved woman when she gets married,
    and a maid when she succeeds her mistress.
24 There are four small things on the earth,
    and they are exceedingly wise:[i]
25 The ants are a people who are not strong,
    yet they prepare their food in the summer;
26 the badgers are a people who are not mighty,
    yet they set their house on the rock;
27 there is no king for the locust,
    yet it marches in rank;
28 a lizard you can seize with hands,
    yet it is in palaces of kings.
29 There are three things that are magnificent of stride,
    and four that are magnificent when moving:
30 a mighty lion among the beasts,[j]
    but he will not turn back from any face;[k]
31 a strutting rooster or he-goat,
    and a king whose army is with him.
32 If you have been foolish by exalting yourself,
    and if you have devised evil, put your hand to your mouth.
33 For pressing milk produces curd,
    and pressing the nose produces blood,
    so pressing anger[l] produces strife.

Footnotes

  1. Proverbs 30:1 Or “I am weary, O God; I am weary, O God, and worn out”
  2. Proverbs 30:3 Or “holy ones”
  3. Proverbs 30:4 Hebrew “the”
  4. Proverbs 30:8 Literally “word of a lie”
  5. Proverbs 30:9 Or “Lest”
  6. Proverbs 30:14 Or “land”
  7. Proverbs 30:16 A term for the place where the dead reside, i.e., the Underworld
  8. Proverbs 30:21 Or “land”
  9. Proverbs 30:24 Literally “wise ones from wise ones
  10. Proverbs 30:30 Hebrew “beasts”
  11. Proverbs 30:30 Literally “faces of all”
  12. Proverbs 30:33 Literally “nostrils”

30 These are the words of Agur, son of Jakeh. An oracle of wisdom.

He says, “I am weary, God.
    I am weary and spent, O God.”[a]
Certainly I am a stupid man, as dumb as an ox.
    I don’t understand the way that most people do.
I have never learned wisdom,
    and I have no knowledge at all of the Holy One.
Who has ascended into the heavens and then come back down?
    Who has collected the winds in the palm of His hand?
Who has wrapped up the vast oceans in His coat?
    Who has plotted the ends of the earth and then fashioned them?
What is His name?
    What is His son’s name?
    Do you know? Indeed, you do.

The answer to all these questions, of course, is “no one but God.” Agur, like Job, understands the limits of human strength and knowledge. Unlike many, he freely confesses his need and takes refuge in the one True God.

Every word of God will be put to the test and proven true;
    He is a defense for those who trust in Him.
Take care. Add nothing to what He has said;
    for if you do, He will correct you and expose you as a liar.

Two things I ask, O God.
    Sometime before I die, grant these humble requests:
Eliminate any hint of worthless and deceitful words from my lips.
    Do not make me poor or rich,
    but give me each day what I need;
For if I have too much, I might forget You are the One who provides,
    saying, “Who is the Eternal One?”
Or if I do not have enough, I might become hungry and turn to stealing
    and thus dishonor the good name of my God.

Wealth and poverty have something in common. Both situations can lead us to forget God. If we are rich, then it is easy to think it was our skill, our strength, and our hard work that got us there. We forget it was God who gave us the time and talent to succeed. If we are poor, then it is easy to steal and then make excuses for what we did. We forget that God said, “You are not to take what is not yours” (Exodus 20:15). When God’s people violate His teaching, God is the one who gets a black eye.

10 Never run down a servant to his master
    because the slave might curse you and you would suffer as a result.

11 There is a kind of person who curses his father
    and pronounces no blessing upon his mother;
12 A kind of person who is without fault in his own estimation
    but has not been scrubbed clean of his own sordidness;
13 A kind whose look is too haughty,
    whose eyebrows arch as he looks down on others;
14 A kind whose very teeth cut like swords
    and whose jaws sever like knives,
All the better to consume the poor of the earth
    and the oppressed among men.

15 The leech has twin suckers;
    “More blood! More blood,” they demand.
Three other things are just as insatiable,
    no, make it four that never say, “Enough”:
16 The grave, the childless woman who cannot bear,
    the parched earth that cries for rain,
    and the fire, which never says, “Enough!”

17 One who derides his father
    and fails to honor his mother in old age
Will die in contempt: his eyes will be pecked out by the ravens of the valley
    and eaten by the young vultures when his unburied body lies on the trash heap.

18 There are three mysteries I find absolutely amazing,
    no, make it four I cannot comprehend:
19 The way an eagle flies through the sky,
    the way a snake moves over a rock,
The way a boat glides through the middle of the sea,
    and the way a man becomes one with his virgin wife.

20 An adulterous woman is so cavalier by nature.
    When she’s done, it is as if she washed after eating
    and then says, “I have done nothing wrong.”

21 Three situations disturb the earth,
    no, make it four that it cannot endure:
22 When a slave is elevated to king,
    when a fool is full of fine food,
23 When a hated woman finally marries,
    and when a serving girl takes possession of her mistress’s wealth.

24 There are four creatures on earth that are small,
    but they are very wise and we can learn from them:
25 While ants are hardly a strong species,
    they work constantly to store up food during the summer;
26 While badgers are animals without many defenses,
    they are wise enough to make their homes in the rocky cliffs;
27 While locusts live without a ruler,
    they all know how to move in formation;
28 While a lizard is easy enough to catch in your hand,
    it is shrewd enough to enter the palaces of kings.

29 There are three creatures with majesty in their stride,
    no, make it four that move with grace:
30 The lion, which is the strongest of the animals,
    does not back down from any other creature;
31 The strutting rooster, the male goat,
    and a king as he goes out with his army.[b]

32 If you have been foolish enough to insinuate yourself in some high position
    or if you have concocted some sort of evil plan,
    clamp your hand tightly over your mouth;
33 For pressing down milk makes butter,
    pressing your nose makes it bleed,
    and pressing anger makes trouble.

Footnotes

  1. 30:1 Meaning of the Hebrew is uncertain.
  2. 30:31 Meaning of the Hebrew is uncertain.