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바울, 시저에게 상소하다

25 베스도가 새로운 총독으로 가이사랴에 왔다. 그는 도착한 지 사흘 뒤에 예루살렘으로 올라갔다. 높은 제사장들과 유대 지도자들은 그에게 바울을 고발하였다. 그리고 자기들의 청을 들어, 바울을 예루살렘으로 불러올리라고 말하였다. 그들은 바울이 예루살렘으로 오는 길목에 숨어 있다가 그를 죽이려 했던 것이다. 그러나 베스도는 바울을 가이사랴에 붙잡아 둘 것이며, 자기가 곧 가이사랴로 돌아갈 것이라고 대답하였다. 그는 이렇게 말하였다. “여러분의 지도자 몇 사람도 나와 함께 갑시다. 그 사람이 정말로 잘못한 일이 있다면 그들이 가이사랴에 와서 그를 고발하도록 하시오.”

베스도는 예루살렘에 겨우 여드레인가 열흘인가를 머물다가 가이사랴로 내려갔다. 그리고 다음 날 재판석에 앉아서 바울을 데려오라고 명령하였다. 바울이 나오자, 예루살렘에서 내려온 유대 사람들이 그를 에워싸고는 여러 가지 큰 죄목으로 고발하였지만 그 증거를 대지는 못하였다. 바울은 “저는 유대의 율법이나 성전이나 시저에 대해 아무 잘못도 저지르지 않았습니다.” 하고 자기를 변호하였다.

그러나 베스도는 유대 사람들의 마음을 사려고 바울에게 이렇게 대답하였다. “당신은 예루살렘으로 가서 내게 재판을 받고 싶은 생각은 없소?”

10 바울이 대답하였다. “저는 지금 시저의 법정에 서 있으며, 제가 재판을 받을 곳은 바로 이곳입니다. 총독께서도 잘 알고 계시듯이, 저는 유대 사람들에게 잘못한 일이 하나도 없습니다. 11 만일 제가 죄를 지었고 사형을 당할 만한 짓을 했다면, 죽음을 피할 생각은 없습니다. 그러나 이 사람들이 저를 두고 고발하는 것들이 사실이 아니라면, 아무도 저를 이 사람들에게 넘겨줄 수 없습니다. 저는 시저에게 상소[a]합니다.”

12 베스도는 자기를 돕는 자문 위원들과 의논한 다음 “당신이 시저에게 상소하였으니, 시저에게 갈 것이오.” 하고 말하였다.

베스도, 아그립바왕과 바울에 관한 이야기를 나누다

13 며칠이 지난 뒤에 아그립바왕[b]과 버니게[c]가 베스도에게 환영 인사를 하려고 가이사랴에 왔다. 14 그들이 그곳에서 며칠을 지내는 동안, 베스도는 다음과 같이 아그립바왕에게 바울에 관한 이야기를 하였다. “벨릭스가 옥에 가두어 둔 사람이 하나 있습니다. 15 내가 예루살렘에 갔을 때 높은 제사장들과 유대의 장로[d]들이 그 사람에 대해 고발하며 유죄 판결을 내려 달라고 청하였습니다. 16 나는 그들에게, 고발 당한 사람이 고발한 사람을 직접 만나서 자신을 변호할 기회를 가지기 전에는 그 사람을 넘겨주지 않는 것이 로마의 관습이라고 말하였습니다. 17 그래서 그들이 나와 함께 이곳으로 왔습니다. 나는 시간을 끌지 않고 그 다음 날 재판석에 앉아 그 사람을 데려오라고 명령하였습니다. 18 그들이 일어나서 그를 고발하였지만, 내가 기대했던 죄목은 하나도 없었습니다. 19 다만 자기네 종교와 예수라는 어떤 죽은 사람에 대하여 서로 의견을 달리할 뿐이었는데, 바울은 그 사람이 살아 있다고 주장했습니다. 20 나는 그런 문제들을 어떻게 조사해야 할지 알 수가 없어서, 그 사람에게 예루살렘으로 가서 이 사건에 대한 재판을 받고 싶은지 물었습니다. 21 그러나 바울은 이 사건을 시저에게 상소하며, 시저의 판결이 내릴 때까지 그대로 갇혀 있게 해 달라고 하였습니다. 그래서 나는 그를 시저에게 보낼 수 있을 때까지 가두어 두라고 명령하였습니다.”

22 그러자 아그립바가 베스도에게 말하였다. “내가 그 사람의 말을 직접 들어 보고 싶습니다.”

“내일 그 사람의 말을 들어 보십시오.” 베스도가 대답하였다.

바울, 아그립바왕 앞에 서다

23 다음 날 아그립바와 버니게[e]는 잔뜩 위엄을 갖추어 차려 입고는, 고급 장교들과 그 도시의 지도자들과 함께 재판정으로 들어갔다. 베스도의 명령에 바울이 불려 들어왔다. 24 베스도가 말하였다. “아그립바왕 전하, 그리고 우리와 함께 이 자리에 계시는 여러분, 이 사람을 좀 보아 주십시오. 이 사람은 예루살렘이나 이곳에서나, 모든 유대 사람이 그를 더 이상 살려 두어서는 안 된다고 소리치며 나에게 고발한 사람입니다. 25 그러나 나는 이 사람이 죽을 만한 짓을 하지 않았다는 것을 알았습니다. 그리고 그가 시저에게 상소하자, 그를 시저에게 보내기로 결정하였습니다. 26 그러나 시저에게 올릴 편지에, 이 사람에 대해 확실하게 써 보낼 것이 없습니다. 그래서 그를 여러분 앞에, 특히 아그립바왕 전하 앞에 데려다 세웠습니다. 이 자리에서 그를 조사하면 무언가 편지에 써 보낼 만한 것이 생기지 않을까 생각했기 때문입니다. 27 죄수를 보내면서, 그 사람이 받고 있는 혐의 사항을 상세히 적어 보내지 않는 것은 이치에 맞지 않는 일이라고 생각합니다.”

Footnotes

  1. 25:11 상소 법원에서 받은 판결을 그대로 받아들이지 않고, 보다 높은 법원에 사건을 다시 심리해 달라고 청구하는 것
  2. 25:13 아그립바왕 헤롯 아그립바 2세. 헤롯 아그립바 1세의 아들이며 헤롯대왕의 증손자였다.
  3. 25:13 버니게 아그립바의 누이동생으로서, 헤롯 아그립바 1세의 큰 딸이었다.
  4. 25:15 장로 백성의 지도자로서 사람들을 위해 중요한 결정을 내려 주던 나이 지긋한 사람
  5. 25:23 버니게 아그립바의 누이동생으로서, 헤롯 아그립바 1세의 큰 딸이었다.

Paul Appeals to Caesar

25 Now when Festus had come to the province, after three days he went up from (A)Caesarea to Jerusalem. (B)Then the [a]high priest and the chief men of the Jews informed him against Paul; and they petitioned him, asking a favor against him, that he would summon him to Jerusalem—(C)while they lay in ambush along the road to kill him. But Festus answered that Paul should be kept at Caesarea, and that he himself was going there shortly. “Therefore,” he said, “let those who have authority among you go down with me and accuse this man, to see (D)if there is any fault in him.”

And when he had remained among them more than ten days, he went down to Caesarea. And the next day, sitting on the judgment seat, he commanded Paul to be brought. When he had come, the Jews who had come down from Jerusalem stood about (E)and laid many serious complaints against Paul, which they could not prove, while he answered for himself, (F)“Neither against the law of the Jews, nor against the temple, nor against Caesar have I offended in anything at all.”

But Festus, (G)wanting to do the Jews a favor, answered Paul and said, (H)“Are you willing to go up to Jerusalem and there be judged before me concerning these things?”

10 So Paul said, “I stand at Caesar’s judgment seat, where I ought to be judged. To the Jews I have done no wrong, as you very well know. 11 (I)For if I am an offender, or have committed anything deserving of death, I do not object to dying; but if there is nothing in these things of which these men accuse me, no one can deliver me to them. (J)I appeal to Caesar.”

12 Then Festus, when he had conferred with the council, answered, “You have appealed to Caesar? To Caesar you shall go!”

Paul Before Agrippa

13 And after some days King Agrippa and Bernice came to Caesarea to greet Festus. 14 When they had been there many days, Festus laid Paul’s case before the king, saying: (K)“There is a certain man left a prisoner by Felix, 15 (L)about whom the chief priests and the elders of the Jews informed me, when I was in Jerusalem, asking for a judgment against him. 16 (M)To them I answered, ‘It is not the custom of the Romans to deliver any man [b]to destruction before the accused meets the accusers face to face, and has opportunity to answer for himself concerning the charge against him.’ 17 Therefore when they had come together, (N)without any delay, the next day I sat on the judgment seat and commanded the man to be brought in. 18 When the accusers stood up, they brought no accusation against him of such things as I [c]supposed, 19 (O)but had some questions against him about their own religion and about a certain Jesus, who had died, whom Paul affirmed to be alive. 20 And because I was uncertain of such questions, I asked whether he was willing to go to Jerusalem and there be judged concerning these matters. 21 But when Paul (P)appealed to be reserved for the decision of Augustus, I commanded him to be kept till I could send him to Caesar.”

22 Then (Q)Agrippa said to Festus, “I also would like to hear the man myself.”

“Tomorrow,” he said, “you shall hear him.”

23 So the next day, when Agrippa and Bernice had come with great [d]pomp, and had entered the auditorium with the commanders and the prominent men of the city, at Festus’ command (R)Paul was brought in. 24 And Festus said: “King Agrippa and all the men who are here present with us, you see this man about whom (S)the whole assembly of the Jews petitioned me, both at Jerusalem and here, crying out that he was (T)not fit to live any longer. 25 But when I found that (U)he had committed nothing deserving of death, (V)and that he himself had appealed to Augustus, I decided to send him. 26 I have nothing certain to write to my lord concerning him. Therefore I have brought him out before you, and especially before you, King Agrippa, so that after the examination has taken place I may have something to write. 27 For it seems to me unreasonable to send a prisoner and not to specify the charges against him.”

Footnotes

  1. Acts 25:2 NU chief priests
  2. Acts 25:16 NU omits to destruction, although it is implied
  3. Acts 25:18 suspected
  4. Acts 25:23 pageantry

Paul’s Trial Before Festus

25 Three days after arriving in the province, Festus(A) went up from Caesarea(B) to Jerusalem, where the chief priests and the Jewish leaders appeared before him and presented the charges against Paul.(C) They requested Festus, as a favor to them, to have Paul transferred to Jerusalem, for they were preparing an ambush to kill him along the way.(D) Festus answered, “Paul is being held(E) at Caesarea,(F) and I myself am going there soon. Let some of your leaders come with me, and if the man has done anything wrong, they can press charges against him there.”

After spending eight or ten days with them, Festus went down to Caesarea. The next day he convened the court(G) and ordered that Paul be brought before him.(H) When Paul came in, the Jews who had come down from Jerusalem stood around him. They brought many serious charges against him,(I) but they could not prove them.(J)

Then Paul made his defense: “I have done nothing wrong against the Jewish law or against the temple(K) or against Caesar.”

Festus, wishing to do the Jews a favor,(L) said to Paul, “Are you willing to go up to Jerusalem and stand trial before me there on these charges?”(M)

10 Paul answered: “I am now standing before Caesar’s court, where I ought to be tried. I have not done any wrong to the Jews,(N) as you yourself know very well. 11 If, however, I am guilty of doing anything deserving death, I do not refuse to die. But if the charges brought against me by these Jews are not true, no one has the right to hand me over to them. I appeal to Caesar!”(O)

12 After Festus had conferred with his council, he declared: “You have appealed to Caesar. To Caesar you will go!”

Festus Consults King Agrippa

13 A few days later King Agrippa and Bernice arrived at Caesarea(P) to pay their respects to Festus. 14 Since they were spending many days there, Festus discussed Paul’s case with the king. He said: “There is a man here whom Felix left as a prisoner.(Q) 15 When I went to Jerusalem, the chief priests and the elders of the Jews brought charges against him(R) and asked that he be condemned.

16 “I told them that it is not the Roman custom to hand over anyone before they have faced their accusers and have had an opportunity to defend themselves against the charges.(S) 17 When they came here with me, I did not delay the case, but convened the court the next day and ordered the man to be brought in.(T) 18 When his accusers got up to speak, they did not charge him with any of the crimes I had expected. 19 Instead, they had some points of dispute(U) with him about their own religion(V) and about a dead man named Jesus who Paul claimed was alive. 20 I was at a loss how to investigate such matters; so I asked if he would be willing to go to Jerusalem and stand trial there on these charges.(W) 21 But when Paul made his appeal to be held over for the Emperor’s decision, I ordered him held until I could send him to Caesar.”(X)

22 Then Agrippa said to Festus, “I would like to hear this man myself.”

He replied, “Tomorrow you will hear him.”(Y)

Paul Before Agrippa(Z)

23 The next day Agrippa and Bernice(AA) came with great pomp and entered the audience room with the high-ranking military officers and the prominent men of the city. At the command of Festus, Paul was brought in. 24 Festus said: “King Agrippa, and all who are present with us, you see this man! The whole Jewish community(AB) has petitioned me about him in Jerusalem and here in Caesarea, shouting that he ought not to live any longer.(AC) 25 I found he had done nothing deserving of death,(AD) but because he made his appeal to the Emperor(AE) I decided to send him to Rome. 26 But I have nothing definite to write to His Majesty about him. Therefore I have brought him before all of you, and especially before you, King Agrippa, so that as a result of this investigation I may have something to write. 27 For I think it is unreasonable to send a prisoner on to Rome without specifying the charges against him.”

25 Now when Festus was come into the province, after three days he ascended from Caesarea to Jerusalem.

Then the high priest and the chief of the Jews informed him against Paul, and besought him,

And desired favour against him, that he would send for him to Jerusalem, laying wait in the way to kill him.

But Festus answered, that Paul should be kept at Caesarea, and that he himself would depart shortly thither.

Let them therefore, said he, which among you are able, go down with me, and accuse this man, if there be any wickedness in him.

And when he had tarried among them more than ten days, he went down unto Caesarea; and the next day sitting on the judgment seat commanded Paul to be brought.

And when he was come, the Jews which came down from Jerusalem stood round about, and laid many and grievous complaints against Paul, which they could not prove.

While he answered for himself, Neither against the law of the Jews, neither against the temple, nor yet against Caesar, have I offended any thing at all.

But Festus, willing to do the Jews a pleasure, answered Paul, and said, Wilt thou go up to Jerusalem, and there be judged of these things before me?

10 Then said Paul, I stand at Caesar's judgment seat, where I ought to be judged: to the Jews have I done no wrong, as thou very well knowest.

11 For if I be an offender, or have committed any thing worthy of death, I refuse not to die: but if there be none of these things whereof these accuse me, no man may deliver me unto them. I appeal unto Caesar.

12 Then Festus, when he had conferred with the council, answered, Hast thou appealed unto Caesar? unto Caesar shalt thou go.

13 And after certain days king Agrippa and Bernice came unto Caesarea to salute Festus.

14 And when they had been there many days, Festus declared Paul's cause unto the king, saying, There is a certain man left in bonds by Felix:

15 About whom, when I was at Jerusalem, the chief priests and the elders of the Jews informed me, desiring to have judgment against him.

16 To whom I answered, It is not the manner of the Romans to deliver any man to die, before that he which is accused have the accusers face to face, and have licence to answer for himself concerning the crime laid against him.

17 Therefore, when they were come hither, without any delay on the morrow I sat on the judgment seat, and commanded the man to be brought forth.

18 Against whom when the accusers stood up, they brought none accusation of such things as I supposed:

19 But had certain questions against him of their own superstition, and of one Jesus, which was dead, whom Paul affirmed to be alive.

20 And because I doubted of such manner of questions, I asked him whether he would go to Jerusalem, and there be judged of these matters.

21 But when Paul had appealed to be reserved unto the hearing of Augustus, I commanded him to be kept till I might send him to Caesar.

22 Then Agrippa said unto Festus, I would also hear the man myself. To morrow, said he, thou shalt hear him.

23 And on the morrow, when Agrippa was come, and Bernice, with great pomp, and was entered into the place of hearing, with the chief captains, and principal men of the city, at Festus' commandment Paul was brought forth.

24 And Festus said, King Agrippa, and all men which are here present with us, ye see this man, about whom all the multitude of the Jews have dealt with me, both at Jerusalem, and also here, crying that he ought not to live any longer.

25 But when I found that he had committed nothing worthy of death, and that he himself hath appealed to Augustus, I have determined to send him.

26 Of whom I have no certain thing to write unto my lord. Wherefore I have brought him forth before you, and specially before thee, O king Agrippa, that, after examination had, I might have somewhat to write.

27 For it seemeth to me unreasonable to send a prisoner, and not withal to signify the crimes laid against him.

Paul Appeals to Caesar

25 Now three days after Festus had arrived in (A)the province, he went up to Jerusalem from Caesarea. And the chief priests and the principal men of the Jews (B)laid out their case against Paul, and they urged him, asking as a favor against Paul[a] that he summon him to Jerusalem—because (C)they were planning an ambush to kill him on the way. Festus replied that Paul was being kept at Caesarea and that he himself intended to go there shortly. “So,” said he, “let the men of authority among you go down with me, and if there is anything wrong about the man, let them bring charges against him.”

After he stayed among them not more than eight or ten days, he went down to Caesarea. And the next day he took his seat on (D)the tribunal and ordered Paul to be brought. When he had arrived, the Jews who had come down from Jerusalem stood around him, bringing many and serious charges against him (E)that they could not prove. Paul argued in his defense, “Neither (F)against (G)the law of the Jews, nor against the temple, nor (H)against Caesar have I committed any offense.” But Festus, (I)wishing to do the Jews a favor, said to Paul, “Do you wish to go up to Jerusalem and there be tried on these charges before me?” 10 But Paul said, “I am standing before Caesar's (J)tribunal, where I ought to be tried. To the Jews I have done no wrong, as you yourself know very well. 11 If then I am a wrongdoer and have committed anything for which I deserve to die, I do not seek to escape death. But if there is nothing to their charges against me, no one can give me up to them. (K)I appeal to Caesar.” 12 Then Festus, when he had conferred with his council, answered, “To Caesar you have appealed; to Caesar you shall go.”

Paul Before Agrippa and Bernice

13 Now when some days had passed, Agrippa the king and Bernice arrived at Caesarea and greeted Festus. 14 And as they stayed there many days, Festus laid Paul's case before the king, saying, (L)“There is a man left prisoner by Felix, 15 and when I was at Jerusalem, the chief priests and the elders of the Jews laid out their case (M)against him, asking for a sentence of condemnation against him. 16 (N)I answered them that it was not the custom of the Romans to give up anyone (O)before the accused met the accusers face to face and had opportunity to make his defense concerning the charge laid against him. 17 (P)So when they came together here, I made no delay, but on the next day took my seat on (Q)the tribunal and ordered the man to be brought. 18 When the accusers stood up, they brought no charge in his case of such evils as I supposed. 19 Rather they (R)had certain points of dispute with him about their own religion and about (S)a certain Jesus, who was dead, but whom Paul asserted to be alive. 20 Being at a loss how to investigate these questions, I (T)asked whether he wanted to go to Jerusalem and be tried there regarding them. 21 But (U)when Paul had appealed to be kept in custody for the decision of (V)the emperor, I ordered him to be held until I could send him to Caesar.” 22 Then (W)Agrippa said to Festus, “I would like to hear the man myself.” “Tomorrow,” said he, “you will hear him.”

23 So on the next day (X)Agrippa and Bernice came with great pomp, and they entered the audience hall with the military tribunes and the prominent men of the city. Then, at the command of Festus, Paul was brought in. 24 And Festus said, “King Agrippa and all who are present with us, you see this man about whom (Y)the whole Jewish people petitioned me, both in Jerusalem and here, (Z)shouting that he ought not to live any longer. 25 But I found that (AA)he had done nothing deserving death. And (AB)as he himself appealed to (AC)the emperor, I decided to go ahead and send him. 26 But I have nothing definite to write to my lord about him. Therefore I have brought him before you all, and especially before you, King Agrippa, so that, after we have examined him, I may have something to write. 27 For it seems to me unreasonable, in sending a prisoner, not to indicate the charges against him.”

Footnotes

  1. Acts 25:3 Greek him