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登山训众论福

耶稣看见这许多的人,就上了山,既已坐下,门徒到他跟前来, 他就开口教训他们,说: “虚心的人有福了!因为天国是他们的。 哀恸的人有福了!因为他们必得安慰。 温柔的人有福了!因为他们必承受地土。 饥渴慕义的人有福了!因为他们必得饱足。 怜恤人的人有福了!因为他们必蒙怜恤。 清心的人有福了!因为他们必得见神。 使人和睦的人有福了!因为他们必称为神的儿子。 10 为义受逼迫的人有福了!因为天国是他们的。 11 人若因我辱骂你们逼迫你们,捏造各样坏话毁谤你们,你们就有福了。 12 应当欢喜快乐,因为你们在天上的赏赐是大的。在你们以前的先知,人也是这样逼迫他们。

门徒为光为盐

13 “你们是世上的盐。盐若失了味,怎能叫它再咸呢?以后无用,不过丢在外面,被人践踏了。 14 你们是世上的光。城造在山上,是不能隐藏的。 15 人点灯,不放在斗底下,是放在灯台上,就照亮一家的人。 16 你们的光也当这样照在人前,叫他们看见你们的好行为,便将荣耀归给你们在天上的父。

耶稣来成全律法和先知的道

17 “莫想我来要废掉律法和先知,我来不是要废掉,乃是要成全。 18 我实在告诉你们:就是到天地都废去了,律法的一点一画也不能废去,都要成全。 19 所以,无论何人废掉这诫命中最小的一条,又教训人这样做,他在天国要称为最小的;但无论何人遵行这诫命,又教训人遵行,他在天国要称为大的。 20 我告诉你们:你们的义若不胜于文士和法利赛人的义,断不能进天国。

论仇恨

21 “你们听见有吩咐古人的话说:‘不可杀人’,又说:‘凡杀人的难免受审判。’ 22 只是我告诉你们,凡[a]向弟兄动怒的,难免受审判;凡骂弟兄是拉加的,难免公会的审断;凡骂弟兄是魔利的,难免地狱的火。 23 所以,你在祭坛上献礼物的时候,若想起弟兄向你怀怨, 24 就把礼物留在坛前,先去同弟兄和好,然后来献礼物。 25 你同告你的对头还在路上,就赶紧与他和息,恐怕他把你送给审判官,审判官交付衙役,你就下在监里了。 26 我实在告诉你:若有一文钱没有还清,你断不能从那里出来。

论奸淫

27 “你们听见有话说:‘不可奸淫。’ 28 只是我告诉你们,凡看见妇女就动淫念的,这人心里已经与她犯奸淫了。 29 若是你的右眼叫你跌倒,就剜出来丢掉!宁可失去百体中的一体,不叫全身丢在地狱里。 30 若是右手叫你跌倒,就砍下来丢掉!宁可失去百体中的一体,不叫全身下入地狱。 31 又有话说:‘人若休妻,就当给她休书。’ 32 只是我告诉你们,凡休妻的,若不是为淫乱的缘故,就是叫她做淫妇了;人若娶这被休的妇人,也是犯奸淫了。

论起誓

33 “你们又听见有吩咐古人的话说:‘不可背誓,所起的誓总要向主谨守。’ 34 只是我告诉你们,什么誓都不可起。不可指着天起誓,因为天是神的座位; 35 不可指着地起誓,因为地是他的脚凳;也不可指着耶路撒冷起誓,因为耶路撒冷是大君的京城; 36 又不可指着你的头起誓,因为你不能使一根头发变黑变白了。 37 你们的话,是就说是,不是就说不是;若再多说,就是出于那恶者[b]

论爱仇敌

38 “你们听见有话说:‘以眼还眼,以牙还牙。’ 39 只是我告诉你们,不要与恶人作对。有人打你的右脸,连左脸也转过来由他打; 40 有人想要告你,要拿你的里衣,连外衣也由他拿去; 41 有人强逼你走一里路,你就同他走二里。 42 有求你的,就给他;有向你借贷的,不可推辞。

43 “你们听见有话说:‘当爱你的邻舍,恨你的仇敌。’ 44 只是我告诉你们,要爱你们的仇敌,为那逼迫你们的祷告, 45 这样就可以做你们天父的儿子,因为他叫日头照好人也照歹人,降雨给义人也给不义的人。 46 你们若单爱那爱你们的人,有什么赏赐呢?就是税吏不也是这样行吗? 47 你们若单请你弟兄的安,比人有什么长处呢?就是外邦人不也是这样行吗? 48 所以你们要完全,像你们的天父完全一样。

Footnotes

  1. 马太福音 5:22 有古卷在“凡”字下添“无缘无故地”五字。
  2. 马太福音 5:37 或作:是从恶里出来的。

八福

耶稣看见这些人群,就上了山,刚坐下,门徒便走到祂跟前, 祂就开口教导他们,说:

“心灵贫穷的人有福了,
因为天国是他们的。
哀痛的人有福了,
因为他们必得安慰。
谦和的人有福了,
因为他们必承受土地。
爱慕公义如饥似渴的人有福了,
因为他们必得饱足。
心存怜悯的人有福了,
因为他们必蒙上帝的怜悯。
心灵纯洁的人有福了,
因为他们必看见上帝。
使人和睦的人有福了,
因为他们必被称为上帝的儿女。
10 为义受迫害的人有福了,
因为天国是他们的。

11 “人们因为我的缘故侮辱、迫害、肆意毁谤你们,你们就有福了。 12 要欢喜快乐,因为你们在天上有很大的奖赏。他们也曾这样迫害以前的先知。

盐和光

13 “你们是世上的盐。如果盐失去咸味,怎能使它再变咸呢?它将毫无用处,只有被丢在外面任人践踏。 14 你们是世上的光,如同建在山上的城一样无法隐藏。 15 人点亮了灯,不会把它放在斗底下,而是放在灯台上,好照亮全家。 16 同样,你们的光也应当照在人面前,好让他们看见你们的好行为,便赞美你们天上的父。

成全律法

17 “不要以为我是来废除律法和先知书,我不是来废除,乃是来成全。 18 我实在告诉你们,就是到天地都消失了,律法的一点一划都不会废除,全都要成就。 19 所以,谁违背这些诫命中最小的一条,并教导别人违背,谁在天国将被称为最小的。但谁遵守这些诫命,并教导别人遵守,谁在天国将被称为大的。 20 我告诉你们,除非你们的义胜过律法教师和法利赛人的义,否则断不能进天国。

论仇恨

21 “你们听过吩咐古人的话,‘不可杀人,杀人的要受审判。’ 22 但我告诉你们,凡无缘无故[a]向弟兄发怒的,要受审判;凡骂弟兄是白痴的,要受公会[b]的审判;凡骂弟兄是笨蛋的,难逃地狱的火。

23 “所以,你在祭坛前献祭的时候,要是想起有弟兄和你有过节, 24 就该把祭物留在祭坛前,先去跟他和好,然后再来献祭。

25 “趁着你和告你的人还在去法庭的路上,你要赶紧与对方和解。不然,他会把你交给审判官,审判官会把你交给差役关进监牢。 26 我实在告诉你,要是有一分钱没有还清,你绝不能从那里出来。

论通奸

27 “你们听过这样的话,‘不可通奸。’ 28 但我告诉你们,凡看见妇女就动淫念的,他在心里已经犯了通奸罪。 29 如果你的右眼使你犯罪,就把它剜掉!宁可失去身体的一部分,也比整个人下地狱好。 30 如果你的右手使你犯罪,就把它砍掉!宁可失去身体的一部分,也比整个人下地狱好。

论休妻

31 “还有话说,‘人若休妻,必须给她休书’。 32 但我告诉你们,除非是妻子不贞,否则,休妻就是使妻子犯通奸罪,娶被休女子的人也犯了通奸罪。

论起誓

33 “你们也听过吩咐古人的话,‘不可违背誓言,总要向主遵守所起的誓。’ 34 但我告诉你们,不可起誓。不可指着天起誓,因为天是上帝的宝座。 35 不可指着地起誓,因为地是上帝的脚凳。不可指着圣城耶路撒冷起誓,因为那是大君王的城。 36 也不可指着自己的头起誓,因为你不能使一根头发变黑或变白。 37 你们说话,是就说是,不是就说不是,多说的便是来自那恶者[c]

论爱仇敌

38 “你们听过这样的话,‘以眼还眼,以牙还牙。’ 39 但我告诉你们,不要跟恶人作对。有人打你的右脸,连左脸也转过来让他打。 40 有人想控告你,要夺取你的内衣,连外衣也给他。 41 有人强迫你走一里路,你就跟他走二里路。 42 有求你的,就给他;有向你借的,不可拒绝他。

43 “你们听过这样的话,‘要爱邻居,恨仇敌。’ 44 但我告诉你们,要爱仇敌,为迫害你们的人祷告。 45 这样,你们才是天父的孩子。因为祂让阳光照好人也照坏人,降雨给义人也给恶人。 46 如果你们只爱那些爱你们的人,有什么值得嘉奖的呢?就是税吏也会这样做。 47 如果你们只问候自己的弟兄,有什么特别呢?就是外族人也会这样做。 48 所以,你们要纯全,正如你们的天父是纯全的。

Footnotes

  1. 5:22 有古卷无“无缘无故”。
  2. 5:22 公会”是当时犹太人的最高司法机构,处理宗教、道德和伦理等事务。
  3. 5:37 那恶者即魔鬼,又名撒旦。

Introduction to the Sermon on the Mount

Now when Jesus saw the crowds, he went up on a mountainside and sat down. His disciples came to him, and he began to teach them.

The Beatitudes(A)

He said:

“Blessed are the poor in spirit,
    for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.(B)
Blessed are those who mourn,
    for they will be comforted.(C)
Blessed are the meek,
    for they will inherit the earth.(D)
Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness,
    for they will be filled.(E)
Blessed are the merciful,
    for they will be shown mercy.(F)
Blessed are the pure in heart,(G)
    for they will see God.(H)
Blessed are the peacemakers,(I)
    for they will be called children of God.(J)
10 Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness,(K)
    for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.(L)

11 “Blessed are you when people insult you,(M) persecute you and falsely say all kinds of evil against you because of me.(N) 12 Rejoice and be glad,(O) because great is your reward in heaven, for in the same way they persecuted the prophets who were before you.(P)

Salt and Light

13 “You are the salt of the earth. But if the salt loses its saltiness, how can it be made salty again? It is no longer good for anything, except to be thrown out and trampled underfoot.(Q)

14 “You are the light of the world.(R) A town built on a hill cannot be hidden. 15 Neither do people light a lamp and put it under a bowl. Instead they put it on its stand, and it gives light to everyone in the house.(S) 16 In the same way, let your light shine before others,(T) that they may see your good deeds(U) and glorify(V) your Father in heaven.

The Fulfillment of the Law

17 “Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them.(W) 18 For truly I tell you, until heaven and earth disappear, not the smallest letter, not the least stroke of a pen, will by any means disappear from the Law until everything is accomplished.(X) 19 Therefore anyone who sets aside one of the least of these commands(Y) and teaches others accordingly will be called least in the kingdom of heaven, but whoever practices and teaches these commands will be called great in the kingdom of heaven. 20 For I tell you that unless your righteousness surpasses that of the Pharisees and the teachers of the law, you will certainly not enter the kingdom of heaven.(Z)

Murder(AA)

21 “You have heard that it was said to the people long ago, ‘You shall not murder,[a](AB) and anyone who murders will be subject to judgment.’ 22 But I tell you that anyone who is angry(AC) with a brother or sister[b][c] will be subject to judgment.(AD) Again, anyone who says to a brother or sister, ‘Raca,’[d] is answerable to the court.(AE) And anyone who says, ‘You fool!’ will be in danger of the fire of hell.(AF)

23 “Therefore, if you are offering your gift at the altar and there remember that your brother or sister has something against you, 24 leave your gift there in front of the altar. First go and be reconciled to them; then come and offer your gift.

25 “Settle matters quickly with your adversary who is taking you to court. Do it while you are still together on the way, or your adversary may hand you over to the judge, and the judge may hand you over to the officer, and you may be thrown into prison. 26 Truly I tell you, you will not get out until you have paid the last penny.

Adultery

27 “You have heard that it was said, ‘You shall not commit adultery.’[e](AG) 28 But I tell you that anyone who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his heart.(AH) 29 If your right eye causes you to stumble,(AI) gouge it out and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one part of your body than for your whole body to be thrown into hell. 30 And if your right hand causes you to stumble,(AJ) cut it off and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one part of your body than for your whole body to go into hell.

Divorce

31 “It has been said, ‘Anyone who divorces his wife must give her a certificate of divorce.’[f](AK) 32 But I tell you that anyone who divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, makes her the victim of adultery, and anyone who marries a divorced woman commits adultery.(AL)

Oaths

33 “Again, you have heard that it was said to the people long ago, ‘Do not break your oath,(AM) but fulfill to the Lord the vows you have made.’(AN) 34 But I tell you, do not swear an oath at all:(AO) either by heaven, for it is God’s throne;(AP) 35 or by the earth, for it is his footstool; or by Jerusalem, for it is the city of the Great King.(AQ) 36 And do not swear by your head, for you cannot make even one hair white or black. 37 All you need to say is simply ‘Yes’ or ‘No’;(AR) anything beyond this comes from the evil one.[g](AS)

Eye for Eye

38 “You have heard that it was said, ‘Eye for eye, and tooth for tooth.’[h](AT) 39 But I tell you, do not resist an evil person. If anyone slaps you on the right cheek, turn to them the other cheek also.(AU) 40 And if anyone wants to sue you and take your shirt, hand over your coat as well. 41 If anyone forces you to go one mile, go with them two miles. 42 Give to the one who asks you, and do not turn away from the one who wants to borrow from you.(AV)

Love for Enemies

43 “You have heard that it was said, ‘Love your neighbor[i](AW) and hate your enemy.’(AX) 44 But I tell you, love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you,(AY) 45 that you may be children(AZ) of your Father in heaven. He causes his sun to rise on the evil and the good, and sends rain on the righteous and the unrighteous.(BA) 46 If you love those who love you, what reward will you get?(BB) Are not even the tax collectors doing that? 47 And if you greet only your own people, what are you doing more than others? Do not even pagans do that? 48 Be perfect, therefore, as your heavenly Father is perfect.(BC)

Footnotes

  1. Matthew 5:21 Exodus 20:13
  2. Matthew 5:22 The Greek word for brother or sister (adelphos) refers here to a fellow disciple, whether man or woman; also in verse 23.
  3. Matthew 5:22 Some manuscripts brother or sister without cause
  4. Matthew 5:22 An Aramaic term of contempt
  5. Matthew 5:27 Exodus 20:14
  6. Matthew 5:31 Deut. 24:1
  7. Matthew 5:37 Or from evil
  8. Matthew 5:38 Exodus 21:24; Lev. 24:20; Deut. 19:21
  9. Matthew 5:43 Lev. 19:18

You’re Blessed

1-2 When Jesus saw his ministry drawing huge crowds, he climbed a hillside. Those who were apprenticed to him, the committed, climbed with him. Arriving at a quiet place, he sat down and taught his climbing companions. This is what he said:

“You’re blessed when you’re at the end of your rope. With less of you there is more of God and his rule.

“You’re blessed when you feel you’ve lost what is most dear to you. Only then can you be embraced by the One most dear to you.

“You’re blessed when you’re content with just who you are—no more, no less. That’s the moment you find yourselves proud owners of everything that can’t be bought.

“You’re blessed when you’ve worked up a good appetite for God. He’s food and drink in the best meal you’ll ever eat.

“You’re blessed when you care. At the moment of being ‘care-full,’ you find yourselves cared for.

“You’re blessed when you get your inside world—your mind and heart—put right. Then you can see God in the outside world.

“You’re blessed when you can show people how to cooperate instead of compete or fight. That’s when you discover who you really are, and your place in God’s family.

10 “You’re blessed when your commitment to God provokes persecution. The persecution drives you even deeper into God’s kingdom.

11-12 “Not only that—count yourselves blessed every time people put you down or throw you out or speak lies about you to discredit me. What it means is that the truth is too close for comfort and they are uncomfortable. You can be glad when that happens—give a cheer, even!—for though they don’t like it, I do! And all heaven applauds. And know that you are in good company. My prophets and witnesses have always gotten into this kind of trouble.

Salt and Light

13 “Let me tell you why you are here. You’re here to be salt-seasoning that brings out the God-flavors of this earth. If you lose your saltiness, how will people taste godliness? You’ve lost your usefulness and will end up in the garbage.

14-16 “Here’s another way to put it: You’re here to be light, bringing out the God-colors in the world. God is not a secret to be kept. We’re going public with this, as public as a city on a hill. If I make you light-bearers, you don’t think I’m going to hide you under a bucket, do you? I’m putting you on a light stand. Now that I’ve put you there on a hilltop, on a light stand—shine! Keep open house; be generous with your lives. By opening up to others, you’ll prompt people to open up with God, this generous Father in heaven.

Completing God’s Law

17-18 “Don’t suppose for a minute that I have come to demolish the Scriptures—either God’s Law or the Prophets. I’m not here to demolish but to complete. I am going to put it all together, pull it all together in a vast panorama. God’s Law is more real and lasting than the stars in the sky and the ground at your feet. Long after stars burn out and earth wears out, God’s Law will be alive and working.

19-20 “Trivialize even the smallest item in God’s Law and you will only have trivialized yourself. But take it seriously, show the way for others, and you will find honor in the kingdom. Unless you do far better than the Pharisees in the matters of right living, you won’t know the first thing about entering the kingdom.

Murder

21-22 “You’re familiar with the command to the ancients, ‘Do not murder.’ I’m telling you that anyone who is so much as angry with a brother or sister is guilty of murder. Carelessly call a brother ‘idiot!’ and you just might find yourself hauled into court. Thoughtlessly yell ‘stupid!’ at a sister and you are on the brink of hellfire. The simple moral fact is that words kill.

23-24 “This is how I want you to conduct yourself in these matters. If you enter your place of worship and, about to make an offering, you suddenly remember a grudge a friend has against you, abandon your offering, leave immediately, go to this friend and make things right. Then and only then, come back and work things out with God.

25-26 “Or say you’re out on the street and an old enemy accosts you. Don’t lose a minute. Make the first move; make things right with him. After all, if you leave the first move to him, knowing his track record, you’re likely to end up in court, maybe even jail. If that happens, you won’t get out without a stiff fine.

Adultery and Divorce

27-28 “You know the next commandment pretty well, too: ‘Don’t go to bed with another’s spouse.’ But don’t think you’ve preserved your virtue simply by staying out of bed. Your heart can be corrupted by lust even quicker than your body. Those ogling looks you think nobody notices—they also corrupt.

29-30 “Let’s not pretend this is easier than it really is. If you want to live a morally pure life, here’s what you have to do: You have to blind your right eye the moment you catch it in a lustful leer. You have to choose to live one-eyed or else be dumped on a moral trash pile. And you have to chop off your right hand the moment you notice it raised threateningly. Better a bloody stump than your entire being discarded for good in the dump.

31-32 “Remember the Scripture that says, ‘Whoever divorces his wife, let him do it legally, giving her divorce papers and her legal rights’? Too many of you are using that as a cover for selfishness and whim, pretending to be righteous just because you are ‘legal.’ Please, no more pretending. If you divorce your wife, you’re responsible for making her an adulteress (unless she has already made herself that by sexual promiscuity). And if you marry such a divorced adulteress, you’re automatically an adulterer yourself. You can’t use legal cover to mask a moral failure.

Empty Promises

33-37 “And don’t say anything you don’t mean. This counsel is embedded deep in our traditions. You only make things worse when you lay down a smoke screen of pious talk, saying, ‘I’ll pray for you,’ and never doing it, or saying, ‘God be with you,’ and not meaning it. You don’t make your words true by embellishing them with religious lace. In making your speech sound more religious, it becomes less true. Just say ‘yes’ and ‘no.’ When you manipulate words to get your own way, you go wrong.

Love Your Enemies

38-42 “Here’s another old saying that deserves a second look: ‘Eye for eye, tooth for tooth.’ Is that going to get us anywhere? Here’s what I propose: ‘Don’t hit back at all.’ If someone strikes you, stand there and take it. If someone drags you into court and sues for the shirt off your back, giftwrap your best coat and make a present of it. And if someone takes unfair advantage of you, use the occasion to practice the servant life. No more tit-for-tat stuff. Live generously.

43-47 “You’re familiar with the old written law, ‘Love your friend,’ and its unwritten companion, ‘Hate your enemy.’ I’m challenging that. I’m telling you to love your enemies. Let them bring out the best in you, not the worst. When someone gives you a hard time, respond with the supple moves of prayer, for then you are working out of your true selves, your God-created selves. This is what God does. He gives his best—the sun to warm and the rain to nourish—to everyone, regardless: the good and bad, the nice and nasty. If all you do is love the lovable, do you expect a bonus? Anybody can do that. If you simply say hello to those who greet you, do you expect a medal? Any run-of-the-mill sinner does that.

48 “In a word, what I’m saying is, Grow up. You’re kingdom subjects. Now live like it. Live out your God-created identity. Live generously and graciously toward others, the way God lives toward you.”