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马太福音 22
Chinese Contemporary Bible (Simplified)

王宴客的比喻

22 耶稣又用比喻对他们说： 2 “天国就像一个王为儿子筹备婚宴。 3 他派奴仆去请受邀的客人，可是客人都不肯赴宴。 4 王再派其他奴仆去，说，‘去告诉被邀请的人，我的宴席已经备好，公牛和肥畜都宰了，一切都预备妥当，来赴婚宴吧！’ 5 那些人却毫不理会地走了，一个去种田，一个去做买卖， 6 其余的竟然抓住王的奴仆，把他们羞辱一番后杀了。 7 王大怒，派军队去剿灭凶手，烧毁他们的城。

8 “然后，他对奴仆说，‘婚宴已预备好了，只是被邀请的人不配。 9 所以你们到街头巷尾，把所有见到的人都请来。’ 10 奴仆到街上把遇到的人都请了来，好人坏人都有，大厅里满了客人。

11 “王出来会见在座的客人，发现有一个人没有穿礼服， 12 就问他，‘朋友，你来这里怎么不穿婚宴的礼服呢？’那人无言以对。 13 王便吩咐侍从，‘把他手脚绑起来丢到外面的黑暗里，让他在那里哀哭切齿。’”

14 耶稣又说：“被邀请的人多，选上的人少。”

以纳税问题刁难耶稣

15 那时，法利赛人出去策划怎样从耶稣的话里找把柄陷害祂。 16 他们派了自己的门徒跟希律党人一同去问耶稣：“老师，我们知道你诚实无伪，按真理传上帝的道，你不徇情面，不以貌取人。 17 那么请告诉我们，纳税给凯撒对不对呢？”

18 耶稣看出了他们的恶意，就说：“你们这些伪君子，为什么试探我呢？ 19 拿一个纳税用的钱币来给我看。”他们就拿给祂一个银币。

20 耶稣问他们：“上面刻的是谁的像和名号？”

21 他们说：“凯撒的。”

耶稣说：“那么，属于凯撒的东西应该给凯撒，属于上帝的东西应该给上帝。” 22 他们听了很惊奇，只好离开祂走了。

论复活

23 同一天，不相信死人会复活的撒都该人也来问耶稣， 24 说：“老师，摩西说，‘如果一个人死了，没有儿女，只留下妻子，他的兄弟就当娶嫂嫂，替哥哥传宗接代。’ 25 从前，我们这里有弟兄七人，老大结了婚，没有孩子就死了，把妻子留给了弟弟。 26 二弟、三弟一直到七弟都相继娶了嫂嫂，都没留下孩子。 27 最后，那女人也死了。 28 那么，到复活的时候，她将是谁的妻子呢？因为他们都娶过她。”

29 耶稣说：“你们弄错了。你们不明白圣经，也不知道上帝的能力。 30 因为到复活的时候，人们将不娶也不嫁，就像天上的天使一样。

31 “关于死人复活的事，难道你们没有读过上帝对你们说过的话吗？ 32 祂说，‘我是亚伯拉罕的上帝，以撒的上帝，雅各的上帝。’上帝不是死人的上帝，而是活人的上帝。” 33 众人听到祂的教导都很惊奇。

最大的诫命

34 法利赛人听见耶稣使撒都该人无言以对，就聚集在一起。 35 其中有位律法专家试探耶稣说： 36 “老师，请问律法中哪一条诫命最重要呢？”

37 耶稣回答说：“‘你要全心、全情、全意爱主——你的上帝’， 38 这是第一条也是最重要的诫命。 39 第二条也相似，就是‘要爱邻如己’。 40 律法和先知的全部教导都以这两条诫命为基础。”

基督的身份

41 耶稣趁着法利赛人聚在那里，就问他们： 42 “你们对基督有何看法？祂是谁的后裔？”他们答道：“大卫的后裔。”

43 耶稣说：“那么，为什么大卫受圣灵感动，称祂为主呢？大卫曾说，

44 “‘主对我主说，
你坐在我的右边，
等我使你的仇敌伏在你脚下。’

45 既然大卫称基督为主，基督又怎么会是大卫的后裔呢？” 46 没人能回答耶稣的问题。从此再没有人敢用问题来刁难耶稣了。

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馬 太 福 音 22
Chinese New Testament: Easy-to-Read Version

邀请人们赴宴的寓言

22 耶稣再次用寓言对人们说，他说： 2 “天国就好像是一位为儿子举行婚宴的国王。 3 他派奴仆去通知已被邀请的人来出席婚宴，可是他们都不想来。

4 “然后，国王又派了一些奴仆去，并对他们说∶‘告诉那些被邀请的人，说我的宴席已经摆好，牛和肥畜都已宰了，一切准备就绪，快来赴宴吧。’

5 “但是被邀请的客人都不理睬他们，各忙各的。一个人去田里干活，另一个人去做买卖。 6 其他的一些人抓住国王的奴仆，凌辱他们，把他们杀了。 7 国王勃然大怒，派军队杀了那些凶手，烧毁了他们的城市。

8 “然后，国王对奴仆们说∶‘婚宴已经准备就绪，可是那些被邀请的人不配出席。 9 你们到街头去，无论你们碰到谁，都请他们来赴宴。’ 10 于是奴仆们到街上去，不分好坏，把他们见到的人统统请来。宴会厅里坐满了客人。

11 “国王来见宾客。他看到一个人没穿礼服， 12 就问∶‘朋友，你怎么连礼服也不穿就来了呢？’那人无言以对。 13 于是国王对奴仆说∶‘把他的手脚绑起来，扔到外边的黑暗里去，在那里的人们都将切齿痛哭。’ 14 被邀请的人很多，被选上的人却很少。”

犹太首领试图设陷井

15 法利赛人离开耶稣教导人们的地方，策划如何抓住耶稣话里的把柄。 16 他们派了一些他们的门徒和希律党人去见耶稣。他们说∶“老师，我们知道您很诚实，忠实地传播上帝的真理之道，您不在乎别人的看法，您待人一视同仁。 17 请您告诉我们：我们该不该向凯撒交税？”

18 耶稣知道他们不怀好意，就说∶“你们这些伪善的家伙，为什么想试探我呢？ 19 让我看看你们纳税用的银币。”他们递给耶稣一枚银币， 20 耶稣问∶“这上面刻的是谁的头像和名字？”

21 他们说∶“是凯撒的。”

耶稣说∶“那么，就应该把属于凯撒的东西给凯撒，把属于上帝的东西给上帝。”

22 听了这话，他们都非常惊讶，于是离开耶稣走了。

撒都该人试图设陷井

23 同一天，一些撒都该人来问耶稣一个问题，（他们这些人不相信人会复活。） 24 他们说∶“老师，摩西说∶‘如果一个结了婚的男子死了，没留下儿女，他的兄弟就应该和他的遗孀结婚，代兄长生儿育女。 25 从前我们这里有七个兄弟，老大结婚后死了，没留下孩子，老二就娶了这寡妇。 26 可是也没有孩子也死了。就这样，兄弟七人都和这女子结了婚，但都没有和这女子生下孩子就死了。 27 最后，这个女子也死了。 28 请问，即然他们都和她结过婚，那么在他们复活后，这个女子应该是谁的妻子呢？”

29 耶稣回答说∶“你们错了，因为你们既不理解《经》，也不了解上帝的力量。 30 复活之后，人们像天上的天使一样，不娶也不嫁。 31 另外，关于死者复活的事，你们难道没有读过上帝告诉你们的话吗？ 32 他说∶‘我是亚伯拉罕的上帝，我是以撒的上帝，我是雅各的上帝。’ [a]上帝不是死人的上帝，而是活人的上帝。”

33 众人听了这些，对他的教导感到惊奇。

最重要的诫命

34 耶稣的这番话说得撒都该人哑口无言，法利赛人又聚在一起， 35 其中一个人是研究摩西律法的专家，他想试探耶稣，他问道： 36 “老师，律法中的哪条诫命是最重要的？”

37 耶稣回答说∶“‘要全心全意、尽智地爱主­—你的上帝。’ [b] 38 这是首要的一条，也是最重要的。 39 第二条和第一条一样∶‘爱人如爱己。’ [c] 40 这两条命令是一切律法和先知教导的基础。”

耶稣向法利赛人提问

41 法利赛人聚到一起时，耶稣问他们： 42 “你们怎么看基督？他是谁的子孙？”

他们回答∶“大卫的子孙。”

43 耶稣问他们∶“既然这样，大卫怎么受圣灵召唤而叫他‘主’呢？大卫说：

44 ‘主（上帝）对我的主说：
坐在我的右边，
直到我把你的敌人置于你的脚下。’ (A)

45 “既然大卫称基督为‘主’，基督又怎么可能是大卫的子孙呢？”

46 没有一个人能回答这个问题。从那天起，再也没有人敢向耶稣提问题了。

Footnotes

  1. 馬 太 福 音 22:32 引自旧约《出埃及记》3:6。
  2. 馬 太 福 音 22:37 引自旧约《申命记》6:5。
  3. 馬 太 福 音 22:39 引自旧约《利未记》19:18。
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Matthew 22
New English Translation

The Parable of the Wedding Banquet

22 Jesus spoke[a] to them again in parables, saying: 2 “The kingdom of heaven can be compared to a king who gave a wedding banquet for his son. 3 He sent his slaves[b] to summon those who had been invited to the banquet, but they would not come. 4 Again he sent other slaves, saying, ‘Tell those who have been invited, “Look! The feast I have prepared for you is ready.[c] My oxen and fattened cattle have been slaughtered, and everything is ready. Come to the wedding banquet.”’ 5 But they were indifferent and went away, one to his farm, another to his business. 6 The[d] rest seized his slaves, insolently mistreated them, and killed them. 7 The[e] king was furious! He sent his soldiers, and they put those murderers to death[f] and set their city[g] on fire. 8 Then he said to his slaves, ‘The wedding is ready, but the ones who had been invited were not worthy. 9 So go into the main streets and invite everyone you find to the wedding banquet.’ 10 And those slaves went out into the streets and gathered all they found, both bad and good, and the wedding hall was filled with guests. 11 But when the king came in to see the wedding guests, he saw a man there who was not wearing wedding clothes. 12 And he said to him, ‘Friend, how did you get in here without wedding clothes?’ But he had nothing to say.[h] 13 Then the king said to his attendants, ‘Tie him up hand and foot and throw him into the outer darkness,[i] where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth!’ 14 For many are called, but few are chosen.”

Paying Taxes to Caesar

15 Then the Pharisees[j] went out and planned together to entrap him with his own words.[k] 16 They sent to him their disciples along with the Herodians,[l] saying, “Teacher, we know that you are truthful, and teach the way of God in accordance with the truth.[m] You do not court anyone’s favor because you show no partiality.[n] 17 Tell us then, what do you think? Is it right[o] to pay taxes[p] to Caesar[q] or not?”

18 But Jesus realized their evil intentions and said, “Hypocrites! Why are you testing me? 19 Show me the coin used for the tax.” So[r] they brought him a denarius.[s] 20 Jesus[t] said to them, “Whose image[u] is this, and whose inscription?” 21 They replied,[v] “Caesar’s.” He said to them,[w] “Then give to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.”[x] 22 Now when they heard this they were stunned,[y] and they left him and went away.

Marriage and the Resurrection

23 The same day Sadducees[z] (who say there is no resurrection)[aa] came to him and asked him,[ab] 24 “Teacher, Moses said, ‘If a man dies without having children, his brother must marry the widow and father children[ac] for his brother.’[ad] 25 Now there were seven brothers among us. The first one married and died, and since he had no children he left his wife to his brother. 26 The second did the same, and the third, down to the seventh. 27 Last[ae] of all, the woman died. 28 In the resurrection, therefore, whose wife of the seven will she be? For they all had married her.”[af] 29 Jesus[ag] answered them, “You are deceived,[ah] because you don’t know the scriptures or the power of God. 30 For in the resurrection they neither marry nor are given in marriage, but are like angels[ai] in heaven. 31 Now as for the resurrection of the dead, have you not read what was spoken to you by God,[aj] 32 ‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’?[ak] He is not the God of the dead but of the living!”[al] 33 When the crowds heard this, they were amazed at his teaching.

The Greatest Commandment

34 Now when the Pharisees[am] heard that he had silenced the Sadducees,[an] they assembled together.[ao] 35 And one of them, an expert in religious law,[ap] asked him a question to test[aq] him: 36 “Teacher, which commandment in the law is the greatest?”[ar] 37 Jesus[as] said to him, “‘Love[at] the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind.’[au] 38 This is the first and greatest[av] commandment. 39 The second is like it: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’[aw] 40 All the law and the prophets depend[ax] on these two commandments.”

The Messiah: David’s Son and Lord

41 While[ay] the Pharisees[az] were assembled, Jesus asked them a question:[ba] 42 “What do you think about the Christ?[bb] Whose son is he?” They said, “The son of David.”[bc] 43 He said to them, “How then does David by the Spirit call him ‘Lord,’ saying,

44 ‘The Lord said to my lord,[bd]
“Sit at my right hand,
until I put your enemies under your feet”’?[be]

45 If David then calls him ‘Lord,’ how can he be his son?”[bf] 46 No one[bg] was able to answer him a word, and from that day on no one dared to question him any longer.

Footnotes

  1. Matthew 22:1 tn Grk “And answering again, Jesus spoke.” This construction is somewhat redundant in English and has been simplified in the translation.
  2. Matthew 22:3 tn See the note on the word “slave” in 8:9.
  3. Matthew 22:4 tn Grk “Behold, I have prepared my meal.” In some contexts, however, to translate ἄριστον (ariston) as “meal” or “dinner” somewhat misses the point. L&N 23.22 here suggests, “See now, the feast I have prepared (for you is ready).”
  4. Matthew 22:6 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
  5. Matthew 22:7 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
  6. Matthew 22:7 tn Grk “he sent his soldiers, destroyed those murderers.” The verb ἀπώλεσεν (apōlesen) is causative, indicating that the king was the one behind the execution of the murderers. In English the causative idea is not expressed naturally here; either a purpose clause (“he sent his soldiers to put those murderers to death”) or a relative clause (“he sent his soldier who put those murderers to death”) is preferred.
  7. Matthew 22:7 tn The Greek text reads here πόλις (polis), which could be translated “town” or “city.” The prophetic reference is to the city of Jerusalem, so “city” is more appropriate here.
  8. Matthew 22:12 tn Grk “he was silent.”
  9. Matthew 22:13 tn The Greek term translated “darkness” (σκότος) is associated with Tartarus in Aeschylus, Eumenides 72; other references to the darkness of death and the underworld can be found throughout the classical literature as far back as Homer. BDAG 932 s.v. σκότος 1 states: “Of the darkness of the place of punishment far removed fr. the heavenly kingdom (Philo, Exsecr. 152 βαθὺ σκότος. Cp. Wsd 17:20; PsSol 14:9.—σκ. κ. βόρβορος ‘gloom and muck’ await those who are untrue to the Eleusinian Mysteries, Ael. Aristid. 22, 10 K.=19 p. 421 D. Of the darkness of death and the underworld in Hom. and the Trag. As the domain of evil spirits PGM 36, 138; Theoph. Ant. 2, 7 [p. 110, 5]) τὸ σκ. τὸ ἐξώτερον the darkness outside Mt 8:12; 22:13; 25:30.”
  10. Matthew 22:15 sn See the note on Pharisees in 3:7.
  11. Matthew 22:15 tn Grk “trap him in word.”
  12. Matthew 22:16 sn The Herodians are mentioned in the NT only once in Matt (22:16 = Mark 12:13) and twice in Mark (3:6; 12:13; some mss also read “Herodians” instead of “Herod” in Mark 8:15). It is generally assumed that as a group the Herodians were Jewish supporters of the Herodian dynasty (or of Herod Antipas in particular). In every instance they are linked with the Pharisees. This probably reflects agreement regarding political objectives (nationalism as opposed to submission to the yoke of Roman oppression) rather than philosophy or religious beliefs.
  13. Matthew 22:16 sn Teach the way of God in accordance with the truth. Very few comments are as deceitful as this one; they did not really believe this at all. The question of the Pharisees and Herodians was specifically designed to trap Jesus.
  14. Matthew 22:16 tn Grk “And it is not a concern to you about anyone because you do not see the face of men.”
  15. Matthew 22:17 tn Or “lawful,” that is, in accordance with God’s divine law. On the syntax of ἔξεστιν (exestin) with an infinitive and accusative, see BDF §409.3.
  16. Matthew 22:17 tn According to L&N 57.180 the term κῆνσος (kēnsos) was borrowed from Latin and referred to a poll tax, a tax paid by each adult male to the Roman government.sn This question concerning taxes was specifically designed to trap Jesus. If he answered yes, then his opponents could publicly discredit him as a sympathizer with Rome. If he answered no, then they could go to the Roman governor and accuse Jesus of rebellion.
  17. Matthew 22:17 tn Or “to the emperor” (“Caesar” is a title for the Roman emperor).
  18. Matthew 22:19 tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “so” to indicate their response to Jesus’ request for a coin.
  19. Matthew 22:19 tn Here the specific name of the coin was retained in the translation, because not all coins in circulation in Palestine at the time carried the image of Caesar. In other places δηνάριον (dēnarion) has been translated simply as “silver coin” with an explanatory note.sn A denarius was a silver coin worth approximately one day’s wage for a laborer. The fact that they had such a coin showed that they already operated in the economic world of Rome. The denarius would have had a picture of Tiberius Caesar stamped on it.
  20. Matthew 22:20 tn Grk “And he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity. Here καί (kai) has not been translated.
  21. Matthew 22:20 tn Or “whose likeness.”sn In this passage Jesus points to the image (Grk εἰκών, eikōn) of Caesar on the coin. This same Greek word is used in Gen 1:26 (LXX) to state that humanity is made in the “image” of God. Jesus is making a subtle yet powerful contrast: Caesar’s image is on the denarius, so he can lay claim to money through taxation, but God’s image is on humanity, so he can lay claim to each individual life.
  22. Matthew 22:21 tn Grk “they said to him.”
  23. Matthew 22:21 tn Grk “then he said to them.” τότε (tote) has not been translated to avoid redundancy.
  24. Matthew 22:21 sn Jesus’ answer to give to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s was a both/and, not the questioners’ either/or. So he slipped out of their trap.
  25. Matthew 22:22 tn Grk “they were amazed.”
  26. Matthew 22:23 sn See the note on Sadducees in 3:7.
  27. Matthew 22:23 sn This remark is best regarded as a parenthetical note by the author.
  28. Matthew 22:23 tn Grk “and asked him, saying.” The participle λέγοντες (legontes) is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.
  29. Matthew 22:24 tn Grk “and raise up seed,” an idiom for fathering children (L&N 23.59).
  30. Matthew 22:24 sn A quotation from Deut 25:5. This practice is called levirate marriage (see also Ruth 4:1-12; Mishnah, m. Yevamot; Josephus, Ant. 4.8.23 [4.254-256]). The levirate law is described in Deut 25:5-10. The brother of a man who died without a son had an obligation to marry his brother’s widow. This served several purposes: It provided for the widow in a society where a widow with no children to care for her would be reduced to begging, and it preserved the name of the deceased, who would be regarded as the legal father of the first son produced from that marriage.
  31. Matthew 22:27 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
  32. Matthew 22:28 tn Grk “For all had her.”
  33. Matthew 22:29 tn Grk “And answering, Jesus said to them.” This is somewhat redundant and has been simplified in the translation.
  34. Matthew 22:29 tn Or “mistaken” (cf. BDAG 822 s.v. πλανάω 2.c.γ).
  35. Matthew 22:30 tc Most witnesses have “of God” after “angels,” although some mss read ἄγγελοι θεοῦ (angeloi theou; א L ƒ13 28 33 892 1241 1424) while others have ἄγγελοι τοῦ θεοῦ (angeloi tou theou; W Γ Δ 0102 0161 565 579 M). Whether with or without the article, the reading “of God” appears to be a motivated addition. A few significant witnesses lack the adjunct (B D Θ 0233 ƒ1 700 sa); this coupled with strong internal evidence argues for the authenticity of the shorter reading.sn Angels do not die, nor do they eat according to Jewish tradition (1 En. 15:6; 51:4; Wis 5:5; 2 Bar. 51:10; 1QH 3.21-23).
  36. Matthew 22:31 tn Grk “spoken to you by God, saying.” The participle λέγοντος (legontos) is redundant here in contemporary English and has not been translated.
  37. Matthew 22:32 sn A quotation from Exod 3:6.
  38. Matthew 22:32 sn He is not God of the dead but of the living. Jesus’ point was that if God could identify himself as God of the three old patriarchs, then they must still be alive when God spoke to Moses; and so they must be raised.
  39. Matthew 22:34 sn See the note on Pharisees in 3:7.
  40. Matthew 22:34 sn See the note on Sadducees in 3:7.
  41. Matthew 22:34 tn Grk “for the same.” That is, for the same purpose that the Sadducees had of testing Jesus.
  42. Matthew 22:35 tn Traditionally, “a lawyer.” This was an expert in the interpretation of the Mosaic law.
  43. Matthew 22:35 tn Grk “testing.” The participle, however, is telic in force.
  44. Matthew 22:36 tn Or possibly “What sort of commandment in the law is great?”
  45. Matthew 22:37 tn Grk “And he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity. Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
  46. Matthew 22:37 tn Grk “You will love.” The future indicative is used here with imperatival force (see ExSyn 452 and 569).
  47. Matthew 22:37 sn A quotation from Deut 6:5. The threefold reference to different parts of the person says, in effect, that one should love God with all one’s being.
  48. Matthew 22:38 tn Grk “the great and first.”
  49. Matthew 22:39 sn A quotation from Lev 19:18.
  50. Matthew 22:40 tn Grk “hang.” The verb κρεμάννυμι (kremannumi) is used here with a figurative meaning (cf. BDAG 566 s.v. 2.b).
  51. Matthew 22:41 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
  52. Matthew 22:41 sn See the note on Pharisees in 3:7.
  53. Matthew 22:41 tn Grk “asked them a question, saying.” The participle λέγων (legōn) is somewhat redundant here in contemporary English and has not been translated.
  54. Matthew 22:42 tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”sn See the note on Christ in 1:16.
  55. Matthew 22:42 sn It was a common belief in Judaism that Messiah would be the son of David in that he would come from the lineage of David. On this point the Pharisees agreed and were correct. But their understanding was nonetheless incomplete, for Messiah is also David’s Lord. With this statement Jesus was affirming that, as the Messiah, he is both God and man.
  56. Matthew 22:44 sn The Lord said to my lord. With David being the speaker, this indicates his respect for his descendant (referred to as my lord). Jesus was arguing, as the ancient exposition assumed, that the passage is about the Lord’s anointed. The passage looks at an enthronement of this figure and a declaration of honor for him as he takes his place at the side of God. In Jerusalem, the king’s palace was located to the right of the temple to indicate this kind of relationship. Jesus was pressing the language here to get his opponents to reflect on how great Messiah is.
  57. Matthew 22:44 sn A quotation from Ps 110:1.
  58. Matthew 22:45 tn Grk “how is he his son?”
  59. Matthew 22:46 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.
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