马可福音 12
Chinese Contemporary Bible (Simplified)
凶狠的佃户
12 耶稣用比喻对他们说：“有人开辟了一个葡萄园，在四周筑起篱笆，又在园中挖了一个榨酒池，建了一座瞭望台，然后把葡萄园租给佃户，就出远门了。
2 “到葡萄成熟时，园主派一个奴仆去收取他该得的一份。 3 那些佃户却捉住那个奴仆，打了他一顿，使他空手而归。
4 “园主又差另一个奴仆去。这一次，佃户不但侮辱他，还把他打得头破血流。 5 园主再派一个奴仆前往，他们却把他杀掉了。园主后来派去的人不是挨打，就是被杀。 6 最后只剩下园主的爱子，园主就派他去，以为那些佃户会尊重他的儿子。 7 这班佃户却彼此商量说，‘这个就是园主的继承人。来吧！我们杀掉他，产业就归我们了。’
8 “于是他们抓住他，杀了他，把他抛到葡萄园外。 9 那么，园主会采取什么行动呢？他必定会来杀掉这些佃户，把葡萄园转给别人。 10 圣经上说，
“‘工匠丢弃的石头已成了房角石。
11 这是主的作为，
在我们看来奇妙莫测。’
你们没有读过这经文吗？”
12 他们听出这比喻是针对他们说的，就想逮捕耶稣，但又害怕百姓，只好先离开了。
纳税给凯撒的问题
13 后来，他们派了几个法利赛人和希律党人到耶稣那里，企图利用祂所说的话设计陷害祂。
14 他们上前对耶稣说：“老师，我们知道你诚实无伪，不看人的情面，因为你不以貌取人，而是按真理传上帝的道。那么，向凯撒纳税对不对呢？ 15 我们该不该纳呢？”耶稣看破他们的阴谋，就说：“你们为什么试探我呢？拿一个银币来给我看。”
16 他们就拿来一个银币，耶稣问他们：“上面刻的是谁的像和名号？”
他们说：“凯撒的。”
17 耶稣说：“属于凯撒的东西应该给凯撒，属于上帝的东西应该给上帝。”
他们听了这话，都很惊奇。
论复活
18 撒都该人向来不相信有复活的事，他们来问耶稣： 19 “老师，摩西为我们写下律例，如果一个人死了，遗下妻子，又没有儿女，他的兄弟就当娶嫂嫂，替哥哥传宗接代。 20 有弟兄七人，老大结了婚，没有孩子就死了。 21 二弟把大嫂娶过来，也没有生孩子就死了，三弟也是一样， 22 七个人都没有留下孩子。最后，那女人也死了。 23 那么，到复活的时候，她将是谁的妻子呢？因为七个人都娶过她。”
24 耶稣说：“你们弄错了，因为你们不明白圣经，也不知道上帝的能力。 25 死人复活之后，将不娶也不嫁，就像天上的天使一样。 26 关于死人复活的事，你们没有读过摩西书有关火中荆棘的记载吗？上帝对摩西说，‘我是亚伯拉罕的上帝，以撒的上帝，雅各的上帝。’ 27 上帝不是死人的上帝，而是活人的上帝。你们大错了！”
最大的诫命
28 有一位律法教师听到他们的辩论，觉得耶稣的回答很精彩，就走过去问道：“诫命中哪一条最重要呢？”
29 耶稣回答道：“最重要的诫命是，‘听啊，以色列！主——我们的上帝是独一的主。 30 你要全心、全情、全意、全力爱主——你的上帝’； 31 其次就是‘要爱邻如己’。再也没有任何诫命比这两条更重要了。”
32 那位律法教师说：“老师，你说的对，上帝只有一位，除祂以外，别无他神。 33 我们要全心、全意、全力爱祂，又要爱邻如己。这样做比献什么祭都好。”
34 耶稣见他答得很有智慧，就告诉他：“你离上帝的国不远了。”此后，没人再敢问耶稣问题了。
基督的身份
35 耶稣在圣殿里教导的时候，问道：“律法教师为什么说基督是大卫的后裔呢？ 36 大卫自己曾经受圣灵的感动，说，
“‘主对我主说，
你坐在我的右边，
等我使你的仇敌伏在你脚下。’
37 既然大卫自己称基督为主，基督又怎能是大卫的后裔呢？”百姓听得津津有味。 38 耶稣又教导他们，说：“你们要提防律法教师，他们爱穿着长袍招摇过市，喜欢人们在大街上问候他们， 39 又喜欢会堂里的上座和宴席中的首位。 40 他们侵吞寡妇的财产，还假意做冗长的祷告。这种人必受到更严厉的惩罚。”
穷寡妇的奉献
41 然后，耶稣走到圣殿的奉献箱对面坐下，看大家怎样奉献。很多财主奉献了大量的钱。 42 后来一个穷寡妇来了，投进了相当于一文钱的两个小铜钱。 43 耶稣叫门徒来，说：“我实在告诉你们，这位穷寡妇比其他人奉献的都多， 44 因为他们不过奉献了自己剩余的，但这穷寡妇却奉献了她赖以为生的。”
ΚΑΤΑ ΜΑΡΚΟΝ 12
1881 Westcott-Hort New Testament
12 και ηρξατο αυτοις εν παραβολαις λαλειν αμπελωνα ανθρωπος εφυτευσεν και περιεθηκεν φραγμον και ωρυξεν υποληνιον και ωκοδομησεν πυργον και εξεδετο αυτον γεωργοις και απεδημησεν
2 και απεστειλεν προς τους γεωργους τω καιρω δουλον ινα παρα των γεωργων λαβη απο των καρπων του αμπελωνος
3 και λαβοντες αυτον εδειραν και απεστειλαν κενον
4 και παλιν απεστειλεν προς αυτους αλλον δουλον κακεινον εκεφαλιωσαν και ητιμασαν
5 και αλλον απεστειλεν κακεινον απεκτειναν και πολλους αλλους ους μεν δεροντες ους δε αποκτεννοντες
6 ετι ενα ειχεν υιον αγαπητον απεστειλεν αυτον εσχατον προς αυτους λεγων οτι εντραπησονται τον υιον μου
7 εκεινοι δε οι γεωργοι προς εαυτους ειπαν οτι ουτος εστιν ο κληρονομος δευτε αποκτεινωμεν αυτον και ημων εσται η κληρονομια
8 και λαβοντες απεκτειναν αυτον και εξεβαλον αυτον εξω του αμπελωνος
9 τι ποιησει ο κυριος του αμπελωνος ελευσεται και απολεσει τους γεωργους και δωσει τον αμπελωνα αλλοις
10 ουδε την γραφην ταυτην ανεγνωτε λιθον ον απεδοκιμασαν οι οικοδομουντες ουτος εγενηθη εις κεφαλην γωνιας
11 παρα κυριου εγενετο αυτη και εστιν θαυμαστη εν οφθαλμοις ημων
12 και εζητουν αυτον κρατησαι και εφοβηθησαν τον οχλον εγνωσαν γαρ οτι προς αυτους την παραβολην ειπεν και αφεντες αυτον απηλθον
13 και αποστελλουσιν προς αυτον τινας των φαρισαιων και των ηρωδιανων ινα αυτον αγρευσωσιν λογω
14 και ελθοντες λεγουσιν αυτω διδασκαλε οιδαμεν οτι αληθης ει και ου μελει σοι περι ουδενος ου γαρ βλεπεις εις προσωπον ανθρωπων αλλ επ αληθειας την οδον του θεου διδασκεις εξεστιν δουναι κηνσον καισαρι η ου
15 δωμεν η μη δωμεν [12 15] ο δε ειδως αυτων την υποκρισιν ειπεν αυτοις τι με πειραζετε φερετε μοι δηναριον ινα ιδω
16 οι δε ηνεγκαν και λεγει αυτοις τινος η εικων αυτη και η επιγραφη οι δε ειπαν αυτω καισαρος
17 ο δε ιησους ειπεν τα καισαρος αποδοτε καισαρι και τα του θεου τω θεω και εξεθαυμαζον επ αυτω
18 και ερχονται σαδδουκαιοι προς αυτον οιτινες λεγουσιν αναστασιν μη ειναι και επηρωτων αυτον λεγοντες
19 διδασκαλε μωυσης εγραψεν ημιν οτι εαν τινος αδελφος αποθανη και καταλιπη γυναικα και μη αφη τεκνον ινα λαβη ο αδελφος αυτου την γυναικα και εξαναστηση σπερμα τω αδελφω αυτου
20 επτα αδελφοι ησαν και ο πρωτος ελαβεν γυναικα και αποθνησκων ουκ αφηκεν σπερμα
21 και ο δευτερος ελαβεν αυτην και απεθανεν μη καταλιπων σπερμα και ο τριτος ωσαυτως
22 και οι επτα ουκ αφηκαν σπερμα εσχατον παντων και η γυνη απεθανεν
23 εν τη αναστασει τινος αυτων εσται γυνη οι γαρ επτα εσχον αυτην γυναικα
24 εφη αυτοις ο ιησους ου δια τουτο πλανασθε μη ειδοτες τας γραφας μηδε την δυναμιν του θεου
25 οταν γαρ εκ νεκρων αναστωσιν ουτε γαμουσιν ουτε γαμιζονται αλλ εισιν ως αγγελοι εν τοις ουρανοις
26 περι δε των νεκρων οτι εγειρονται ουκ ανεγνωτε εν τη βιβλω μωυσεως επι του βατου πως ειπεν αυτω ο θεος λεγων εγω ο θεος αβρααμ και θεος ισαακ και θεος ιακωβ
27 ουκ εστιν θεος νεκρων αλλα ζωντων πολυ πλανασθε
28 και προσελθων εις των γραμματεων ακουσας αυτων συζητουντων ειδως οτι καλως απεκριθη αυτοις επηρωτησεν αυτον ποια εστιν εντολη πρωτη παντων
29 απεκριθη ο ιησους οτι πρωτη εστιν ακουε ισραηλ κυριος ο θεος ημων κυριος εις εστιν
30 και αγαπησεις κυριον τον θεον σου εξ ολης καρδιας σου και εξ ολης της ψυχης σου και εξ ολης της διανοιας σου και εξ ολης της ισχυος σου
31 δευτερα αυτη αγαπησεις τον πλησιον σου ως σεαυτον μειζων τουτων αλλη εντολη ουκ εστιν
32 ειπεν αυτω ο γραμματευς καλως διδασκαλε επ αληθειας ειπες οτι εις εστιν και ουκ εστιν αλλος πλην αυτου
33 και το αγαπαν αυτον εξ ολης καρδιας και εξ ολης της συνεσεως και εξ ολης της ισχυος και το αγαπαν τον πλησιον ως εαυτον περισσοτερον εστιν παντων των ολοκαυτωματων και θυσιων
34 και ο ιησους ιδων αυτον οτι νουνεχως απεκριθη ειπεν αυτω ου μακραν [ει] απο της βασιλειας του θεου και ουδεις ουκετι ετολμα αυτον επερωτησαι
35 και αποκριθεις ο ιησους ελεγεν διδασκων εν τω ιερω πως λεγουσιν οι γραμματεις οτι ο χριστος υιος δαυιδ εστιν
36 αυτος δαυιδ ειπεν εν τω πνευματι τω αγιω ειπεν κυριος τω κυριω μου καθου εκ δεξιων μου εως αν θω τους εχθρους σου υποκατω των ποδων σου
37 αυτος δαυιδ λεγει αυτον κυριον και ποθεν αυτου εστιν υιος και ο πολυς οχλος ηκουεν αυτου ηδεως
38 και εν τη διδαχη αυτου ελεγεν βλεπετε απο των γραμματεων των θελοντων εν στολαις περιπατειν και ασπασμους εν ταις αγοραις
39 και πρωτοκαθεδριας εν ταις συναγωγαις και πρωτοκλισιας εν τοις δειπνοις
40 οι κατεσθιοντες τας οικιας των χηρων και προφασει μακρα προσευχομενοι ουτοι λημψονται περισσοτερον κριμα
41 και καθισας κατεναντι του γαζοφυλακιου εθεωρει πως ο οχλος βαλλει χαλκον εις το γαζοφυλακιον και πολλοι πλουσιοι εβαλλον πολλα
42 και ελθουσα μια χηρα πτωχη εβαλεν λεπτα δυο ο εστιν κοδραντης
43 και προσκαλεσαμενος τους μαθητας αυτου ειπεν αυτοις αμην λεγω υμιν οτι η χηρα αυτη η πτωχη πλειον παντων εβαλεν των βαλλοντων εις το γαζοφυλακιον
44 παντες γαρ εκ του περισσευοντος αυτοις εβαλον αυτη δε εκ της υστερησεως αυτης παντα οσα ειχεν εβαλεν ολον τον βιον αυτης
馬可福音 12
Chinese Contemporary Bible (Traditional)
兇狠的佃戶
12 耶穌用比喻對他們說：「有人開闢了一個葡萄園，在四周築起籬笆，又在園中挖了一個榨酒池，建了一座瞭望臺，然後把葡萄園租給佃戶，就出遠門了。
2 「到葡萄成熟時，園主派一個奴僕去收取他該得的一份。 3 那些佃戶卻捉住那個奴僕，打了他一頓，使他空手而歸。
4 「園主又差另一個奴僕去。這一次，佃戶不但侮辱他，還把他打得頭破血流。 5 園主再派一個奴僕前往，他們卻把他殺掉了。園主後來派去的人不是挨打，就是被殺。 6 最後只剩下園主的愛子，園主就派他去，以為那些佃戶會尊重他的兒子。 7 這班佃戶卻彼此商量說，『這個就是園主的繼承人。來吧！我們殺掉他，產業就歸我們了。』
8 「於是他們抓住他，殺了他，把他拋到葡萄園外。 9 那麼，園主會採取什麼行動呢？他必定會來殺掉這些佃戶，把葡萄園轉給別人。 10 聖經上說，
『工匠丟棄的石頭已成了房角石。
11 這是主的作為，
在我們看來奇妙莫測。』
你們沒有讀過這經文嗎？」
12 他們聽出這比喻是針對他們說的，就想逮捕耶穌，但又害怕百姓，只好先離開了。
納稅給凱撒的問題
13 後來，他們派了幾個法利賽人和希律黨人到耶穌那裡，企圖利用祂所說的話設計陷害祂。
14 他們上前對耶穌說：「老師，我們知道你誠實無偽，不看人的情面，因為你不以貌取人，而是按真理傳上帝的道。那麼，向凱撒納稅對不對呢？ 15 我們該不該納呢？」耶穌看破他們的陰謀，就說：「你們為什麼試探我呢？拿一個銀幣來給我看。」
16 他們就拿來一個銀幣，耶穌問他們：「上面刻的是誰的像和名號？」
他們說：「凱撒的。」
17 耶穌說：「屬於凱撒的東西應該給凱撒，屬於上帝的東西應該給上帝。」
他們聽了這話，都很驚奇。
論復活
18 撒都該人向來不相信有復活的事，他們來問耶穌： 19 「老師，摩西為我們寫下律例，如果一個人死了，遺下妻子，又沒有兒女，他的兄弟就當娶嫂嫂，替哥哥傳宗接代。 20 有弟兄七人，老大結了婚，沒有孩子就死了。 21 二弟把大嫂娶過來，也沒有生孩子就死了，三弟也是一樣， 22 七個人都沒有留下孩子。最後，那女人也死了。 23 那麼，到復活的時候，她將是誰的妻子呢？因為七個人都娶過她。」
24 耶穌說：「你們弄錯了，因為你們不明白聖經，也不知道上帝的能力。 25 死人復活之後，將不娶也不嫁，就像天上的天使一樣。 26 關於死人復活的事，你們沒有讀過摩西書有關火中荊棘的記載嗎？上帝對摩西說，『我是亞伯拉罕的上帝，以撒的上帝，雅各的上帝。』 27 上帝不是死人的上帝，而是活人的上帝。你們大錯了！」
最大的誡命
28 有一位律法教師聽到他們的辯論，覺得耶穌的回答很精彩，就走過去問道：「誡命中哪一條最重要呢？」
29 耶穌回答道：「最重要的誡命是，『聽啊，以色列！主——我們的上帝是獨一的主。 30 你要全心、全情、全意、全力愛主——你的上帝』； 31 其次就是『要愛鄰如己』。再也沒有任何誡命比這兩條更重要了。」
32 那位律法教師說：「老師，你說得對，上帝只有一位，除祂以外，別無他神。 33 我們要全心、全意、全力愛祂，又要愛鄰如己。這樣做比獻什麼祭都好。」
34 耶穌見他答得很有智慧，就告訴他：「你離上帝的國不遠了。」此後，沒人再敢問耶穌問題了。
基督的身分
35 耶穌在聖殿裡教導的時候，問道：「律法教師為什麼說基督是大衛的後裔呢？ 36 大衛自己曾經受聖靈的感動，說，
『主對我主說，
你坐在我的右邊，
等我使你的仇敵伏在你腳下。』
37 既然大衛自己稱基督為主，基督又怎能是大衛的後裔呢？」百姓聽得津津有味。 38 耶穌又教導他們，說：「你們要提防律法教師，他們愛穿著長袍招搖過市，喜歡人們在大街上問候他們， 39 又喜歡會堂裡的上座和宴席中的首位。 40 他們侵吞寡婦的財產，還假意做冗長的禱告。這種人必受到更嚴厲的懲罰。」
窮寡婦的奉獻
41 然後，耶穌走到聖殿的奉獻箱對面坐下，看大家怎樣奉獻。很多財主奉獻了大量的錢。 42 後來一個窮寡婦來了，投進了相當於一文錢的兩個小銅錢。 43 耶穌叫門徒來，說：「我實在告訴你們，這位窮寡婦比其他人奉獻的都多， 44 因為他們不過奉獻了自己剩餘的，但這窮寡婦卻奉獻了她賴以為生的。」
馬 可 福 音 12
Chinese New Testament: Easy-to-Read Version
上帝派遣他的儿子
12 耶稣开始用比喻对他们说∶“有个人种了一个葡萄园，他把葡萄园用篱芭围起来，挖好了榨葡萄汁的槽，还盖了一座塔楼。他把园子租给了农户，然后出门旅行去了。 2 到了收葡萄的季节，他派了一个奴仆来向农户们要他应得的葡萄园里的那份果实， 3 但是农户们抓住奴仆，殴打了他一顿，还把他两手空空地撵了回去。 4 园主又派了一个奴仆去，农户们痛打了奴仆的脑袋，还羞辱了他一番。 5 园主再派另一个人去，农户们把他杀了。园主又派了许多人去，结果有的被打，有的被杀。
6 园主只剩下自己心爱的儿子了，最后他派去了自己的儿子。他说∶‘他们会尊敬我的儿子。’
7 但是农户们议论说∶‘这是园主的继承人，来啊，咱们把他杀掉，这份产业就归咱们了。’ 8 于是他们就抓住他，把他杀了，把尸体扔到园子外面。
9 “现在园主会怎么做呢？他会来杀掉那些农户，把园子转租给别人。 10 你们一定读过《经》上的这段话：
‘那块被建筑师舍弃的石头，
现在变成了基石。
11 这是主的安排，
在我们眼里，这是多么奇妙啊！” (A)
12 这些犹太首领知道耶稣讲的比喻是针对他们的，他们想设法逮捕耶稣，但是又害怕民众，他们便离开他走了。
犹太人首领企图对耶稣耍花招
13 后来，他们派了一些法利赛人和希律党人去抓挑耶稣的话柄。 14 这些人对耶稣说∶“老师，我们知道您很诚实。您不在乎别人的看法，您待人一视同仁，忠实地传播上帝的真理之道。请您告诉我们：向凯撒纳税是对还是错？我们该不该向凯撒交税？”
15 耶稣已经识破了他们的假意，就对他们说∶“你们为什么要来试探我呢？拿出一块银币来让我看一看。” 16 那些人递给耶稣一块银币。耶稣问∶“这上面刻着谁的头像和名字？”那些人答道∶“是凯撒的。”
17 耶稣说∶“那么，就应该把属于凯撒的东西给凯撒 [a]，把属于上帝的东西给上帝。”人们听了这话都惊奇不已。
一些撒都该人企图对耶稣耍花招
18 此后，有一些撒都该人来见耶稣。（他们不相信人会复活。）他们问耶稣一个问题： 19 “老师，摩西写道∶‘如果一个结了婚的男子死了，没留下儿女，他的兄弟就应该和他的遗孀结婚，代兄长生儿育女。 20 从前一家有七个兄弟，老大结婚后死了，没留下孩子。 21 老二就娶了那寡妇。可是他也没有生下孩子就死了。接着是老三，结果也一样。 22 就这样，兄弟七人都没有和这个女子生下孩子就死了。最后，这个女子也死了。 23 既然七个人都娶过这个女子，那么在他们复活后，她应该是谁的妻子呢？”
24 耶稣说∶“这是你们大错的原因，你们既不理解《经》，也不了解上帝的力量。。 25 人们死而复活之后，人们像天上的天使一样，不娶也不嫁。 26 针对从死里复活，你们难道没读过摩西的书中关于燃烧的荆棘 [b]吗？上帝对摩西说∶‘我是亚伯拉罕的上帝，我是以撒的上帝，我是雅各的上帝。 [c]’ 27 上帝不是死人的上帝，而是活人的上帝。 [d]你们完全错了。”
最重要的诫命
28 当时，有个律法师听见了耶稣他们的辩论。他见耶稣回答得很精彩，就问他说∶“诫命中的哪条最重要？”
29 耶稣答道∶“最重要一条是∶‘以色列人，你听着，主是我们唯一的上帝。 30 要全心全意，尽智、尽力地去爱主－你的上帝。’ [e] 31 第二条是‘爱人如爱己。’ [f]再没有哪条诫命比这两条更重要了。”
32 律法师听了，对耶稣说∶“老师，您讲得非常好。您说的对，只有一位上帝，除他之外没有别的上帝。 33 要全心全意、尽力地爱上帝，并且爱人如爱己。这比任何牺牲和贡品都重要。”
34 耶稣见他回答得聪明，就对他说∶“你离上帝的王国不远了。”从此以后，再也没有人敢向耶稣提问题了。
基督是大卫的子孙，还是他的主？
35 耶稣在大殿院里教导人们时说∶“律法师们怎么可以说基督是大卫的子孙呢？ 36 大卫受圣灵的启示，曾经说过：
‘主（上帝）对我的主说：
坐在我的右边，
直到我把你的敌人置于你的脚下。’ (B)
37 大卫本人称基督为‘主，’那么基督怎么可能是大卫的子孙呢？”一大群人兴奋地听他讲道。
耶稣批评律法师
38 耶稣继续教导人们，说∶“要提防那些律法师。他们喜欢穿着长袍到处招摇，喜欢在集市上，受到人们的致敬， 39 他们喜欢在犹太会堂里坐高位，在宴席上坐首位。 40 他们侵吞寡妇的财产，做长篇祈祷以炫耀自己。这些人将来要受到严厉的惩罚。”
真正的奉献
41 耶稣坐在布施箱对面，看着人们把钱投进箱中。很多有钱人向箱子里投了很多钱。 42 一个寡妇走来，向箱子里扔了两枚小铜钱 [g]，这两枚硬币只值一分钱。
43 耶稣把门徒们叫到一起，对他们说∶“我实话告诉你们：在所有捐钱的人当中，这个穷寡妇给的最多。 44 因为别人捐的都是多余的钱，这个寡妇很穷，却把自己所有的钱都拿了出来，她是要靠这点钱维持生活的。”
Footnotes
- 馬 可 福 音 12:17 凯撒： 罗马皇帝的统称。
- 馬 可 福 音 12:26 燃烧的荆棘： 请读《出埃及记》3:1-12。
- 馬 可 福 音 12:26 亚伯拉罕： 以撒和雅各是旧约时代的重要领袖中的三位。
- 馬 可 福 音 12:27 这句话的意思是亚伯拉罕、以撒和雅各都还活着。
- 馬 可 福 音 12:30 引自旧约《申命记》6:4-5。
- 馬 可 福 音 12:31 引自旧约《利未记》19:18。
- 馬 可 福 音 12:42 铜钱： 古罗马最小的硬币。
Mark 12
New English Translation
The Parable of the Tenants
12 Then[a] he began to speak to them in parables: “A man planted a vineyard.[b] He put a fence around it, dug a pit for its winepress, and built a watchtower. Then[c] he leased it to tenant farmers[d] and went on a journey. 2 At harvest time he sent a slave[e] to the tenants to collect from them[f] his portion of the crop.[g] 3 But[h] those tenants[i] seized his slave,[j] beat him,[k] and sent him away empty-handed.[l] 4 So[m] he sent another slave to them again. This one they struck on the head and treated outrageously. 5 He sent another, and that one they killed. This happened to many others, some of whom were beaten, others killed. 6 He had one left, his one dear son.[n] Finally he sent him to them, saying, ‘They will respect my son.’ 7 But those tenants said to one another, ‘This is the heir. Come, let’s kill him and the inheritance will be ours!’ 8 So[o] they seized him,[p] killed him, and threw his body[q] out of the vineyard.[r] 9 What then will the owner of the vineyard do? He will come and destroy[s] those tenants and give the vineyard to others.[t] 10 Have you not read this scripture:
‘The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone.[u]
11 This is from the Lord, and it is marvelous in our eyes’?”[v]
12 Now[w] they wanted to arrest him (but they feared the crowd), because they realized that he told this parable against them. So[x] they left him and went away.[y]
Paying Taxes to Caesar
13 Then[z] they sent some of the Pharisees[aa] and Herodians[ab] to trap him with his own words.[ac] 14 When they came they said to him, “Teacher, we know that you are truthful and do not court anyone’s favor, because you show no partiality[ad] but teach the way of God in accordance with the truth.[ae] Is it right[af] to pay taxes[ag] to Caesar[ah] or not? Should we pay or shouldn’t we?” 15 But he saw through their hypocrisy and said[ai] to them, “Why are you testing me? Bring me a denarius[aj] and let me look at it.” 16 So[ak] they brought one, and he said to them, “Whose image[al] is this, and whose inscription?” They replied,[am] “Caesar’s.” 17 Then Jesus said to them, “Give to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.”[an] And they were utterly amazed at him.
Marriage and the Resurrection
18 Sadducees[ao] (who say there is no resurrection)[ap] also came to him and asked him,[aq] 19 “Teacher, Moses wrote for us: ‘If a man’s brother dies and leaves a wife but no children, that man[ar] must marry[as] the widow and father children[at] for his brother.’[au] 20 There were seven brothers. The first one married,[av] and when he died he had no children. 21 The second married her and died without any children, and likewise the third. 22 None of the seven had children. Finally, the woman died too. 23 In the resurrection, when they rise again,[aw] whose wife will she be? For all seven had married her.”[ax] 24 Jesus said to them, “Aren’t you deceived[ay] for this reason, because you don’t know the scriptures or the power of God? 25 For when they rise from the dead, they neither marry nor are given in marriage, but are like angels[az] in heaven. 26 Now as for the dead being raised,[ba] have you not read in the book of Moses, in the passage about the bush,[bb] how God said to him, ‘I am the God of Abraham, the[bc] God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’?[bd] 27 He is not the God of the dead but of the living.[be] You are badly mistaken!”
The Greatest Commandment
28 Now[bf] one of the experts in the law[bg] came and heard them debating. When he saw that Jesus[bh] answered them well, he asked him, “Which commandment is the most important of all?” 29 Jesus answered, “The most important is: ‘Listen, Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is one. 30 Love[bi] the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind, and with all your strength.’[bj] 31 The second is: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’[bk] There is no other commandment greater than these.” 32 The expert in the law said to him, “That is true, Teacher; you are right to say that he is one, and there is no one else besides him.[bl] 33 And to love him with all your heart, with all your mind, and with all your strength[bm] and to love your neighbor as yourself[bn] is more important than all burnt offerings and sacrifices.” 34 When Jesus saw that he had answered thoughtfully, he said to him, “You are not far from the kingdom of God.”[bo] Then no one dared any longer to question him.
The Messiah: David’s Son and Lord
35 While Jesus was teaching in the temple courts, he said, “How is it that the experts in the law[bp] say that the Christ[bq] is David’s son?[br] 36 David himself, by the Holy Spirit, said,
37 If David himself calls him ‘Lord,’ how can he be his son?”[bu] And the large crowd was listening to him with delight.
Warnings About Experts in the Law
38 In his teaching Jesus[bv] also said, “Watch out for the experts in the law.[bw] They like walking[bx] around in long robes and elaborate greetings[by] in the marketplaces,[bz] 39 and the best seats in the synagogues[ca] and the places of honor at banquets. 40 They[cb] devour widows’ property,[cc] and as a show make long prayers. These men will receive a more severe punishment.”
The Widow’s Offering
41 Then[cd] he[ce] sat down opposite the offering box,[cf] and watched the crowd putting coins into it. Many rich people were throwing in large amounts. 42 And a poor widow came and put in two small copper coins,[cg] worth less than a penny. 43 He called his disciples and said to them, “I tell you the truth,[ch] this poor widow has put more into the offering box[ci] than all the others.[cj] 44 For they all gave out of their wealth.[ck] But she, out of her poverty, put in what she had to live on, everything she had.”[cl]
Footnotes
- Mark 12:1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
- Mark 12:1 sn The vineyard is a figure for Israel in the OT (Isa 5:1-7). The nation and its leaders are the tenants, so the vineyard here may well refer to the promise that resides within the nation. The imagery is like that in Rom 11:11-24.
- Mark 12:1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
- Mark 12:1 sn The leasing of land to tenant farmers was common in this period.
- Mark 12:2 tn See the note on the word “slave” in 10:44.sn This slave (along with the others) represent the prophets God sent to the nation, who were mistreated and rejected.
- Mark 12:2 tn Grk “from the tenants,” but this is redundant in English, so the pronoun (“them”) was used in the translation.
- Mark 12:2 tn Grk “from the fruits of the vineyard.”
- Mark 12:3 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
- Mark 12:3 tn Grk “But they”; the referent (the tenants, v. 1) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
- Mark 12:3 tn Grk “seizing him, they beat and sent away empty-handed.” The referent of the direct object of “seizing” (the slave sent by the owner) has been specified in the translation for clarity. The objects of the verbs “beat” and “sent away” have been supplied in the translation to conform to English style. Greek often omits direct objects when they are clear from the context.
- Mark 12:3 sn The image of the tenants beating up the owner’s slave pictures the nation’s rejection of the prophets and their message.
- Mark 12:3 sn The slaves being sent empty-handed suggests that the vineyard was not producing any fruit—and thus neither was the nation of Israel.
- Mark 12:4 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the tenants’ mistreatment of the first slave.
- Mark 12:6 tn Grk “one beloved son.” See comment at Mark 1:11.sn The owner’s decision to send his one dear son represents God sending Jesus.
- Mark 12:8 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of previous action(s) in the narrative.
- Mark 12:8 tn Grk “seizing him.” The participle λαβόντες (labontes) has been translated as attendant circumstance.
- Mark 12:8 tn Grk “him.”
- Mark 12:8 sn Throwing the heir’s body out of the vineyard pictures Jesus’ death outside of Jerusalem.
- Mark 12:9 sn The statement that the owner will come and destroy those tenants is a promise of judgment; see Luke 13:34-35; 19:41-44.
- Mark 12:9 sn The warning that the owner would give the vineyard to others suggests that the care of the promise and the nation’s hope would be passed to others. This eventually looks to Gentile inclusion; see Eph 2:11-22.
- Mark 12:10 tn Or “capstone,” “keystone.” Although these meanings are lexically possible, the imagery in Eph 2:20-22 and 1 Cor 3:11 indicates that the term κεφαλὴ γωνίας (kephalē gōnias) refers to a cornerstone, not a capstone.sn The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone. The use of Ps 118:22-23 and the “stone imagery” as a reference to Christ and his suffering and exaltation is common in the NT (see also Matt 21:42; Luke 20:17; Acts 4:11; 1 Pet 2:6-8; cf. also Eph 2:20). The irony in the use of Ps 118:22-23 in Mark 12:10-11 is that in the OT, Israel was the one rejected (or perhaps her king) by the Gentiles, but in the NT it is Jesus who is rejected by Israel.
- Mark 12:11 sn A quotation from Ps 118:22-23.
- Mark 12:12 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to introduce a somewhat parenthetical remark by the author.
- Mark 12:12 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of previous action(s) in the narrative.
- Mark 12:12 sn The point of the parable in Mark 12:1-12 is that the leaders of the nation have been rejected by God and the vineyard (v. 9, referring to the nation and its privileged status) will be taken from them and given to others (an allusion to the Gentiles).
- Mark 12:13 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
- Mark 12:13 sn See the note on Pharisees in 2:16.
- Mark 12:13 sn Pharisees and Herodians made a very interesting alliance. W. W. Wessel (“Mark,” EBC 8:733) comments: “The Herodians were as obnoxious to the Pharisees on political grounds as the Sadducees were on theological grounds. Yet the two groups united in their opposition to Jesus. Collaboration in wickedness, as well as goodness, has great power. Their purpose was to trip Jesus up in his words so that he would lose the support of the people, leaving the way open for them to destroy him.” See also the note on “Herodians” in Mark 3:6.
- Mark 12:13 tn Grk “trap him in word.”
- Mark 12:14 tn Grk “and it is not a concern to you about anyone because you do not see the face of men.”
- Mark 12:14 sn Teach the way of God in accordance with the truth. Very few comments are as deceitful as this one; they did not really believe this at all. The question of the Pharisees and Herodians was specifically designed to trap Jesus.
- Mark 12:14 tn Or “lawful,” that is, in accordance with God’s divine law. On the syntax of ἔξεστιν (exestin) with an infinitive and accusative, see BDF §409.3.
- Mark 12:14 tn According to L&N 57.180 the term κῆνσος (kēnsos) was borrowed from Latin and referred to a poll tax, a tax paid by each adult male to the Roman government.sn This question concerning taxes was specifically designed to trap Jesus. If he answered yes, then his opponents could publicly discredit him as a sympathizer with Rome. If he answered no, then they could go to the Roman governor and accuse Jesus of rebellion.
- Mark 12:14 tn Or “the emperor” (“Caesar” is a title for the Roman emperor).
- Mark 12:15 tn Grk “Aware of their hypocrisy he said.”
- Mark 12:15 tn Here the specific name of the coin was retained in the translation, because not all coins in circulation in Palestine at the time carried the image of Caesar. In other places δηνάριον (dēnarion) has been translated simply as “silver coin” with an explanatory note.sn A denarius was a silver coin stamped with the image of the emperor and worth approximately one day’s wage for a laborer.
- Mark 12:16 tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “so” to indicate their response to Jesus’ request for a coin.
- Mark 12:16 tn Or “whose likeness.”sn In this passage Jesus points to the image (Grk εἰκών, eikōn) of Caesar on the coin. This same Greek word is used in Gen 1:26 (LXX) to state that humanity is made in the “image” of God. Jesus is making a subtle yet powerful contrast: Caesar’s image is on the denarius, so he can lay claim to money through taxation, but God’s image is on humanity, so he can lay claim to each individual life.
- Mark 12:16 tn Grk “they said to him.”
- Mark 12:17 sn Jesus’ answer to give to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s was a both/and, not the questioners’ either/or. So he slipped out of their trap.
- Mark 12:18 sn The Sadducees controlled the official political structures of Judaism at this time, being the majority members of the Sanhedrin. They were known as extremely strict on law and order issues (Josephus, J. W. 2.8.2 [2.119], 2.8.14 [2.164-166]; Ant. 13.5.9 [13.171-173], 13.10.6 [13.293-298], 18.1.2 [18.11], 18.1.4 [18.16-17], 20.9.1 [20.199]; Life 2 [10-11]). They also did not believe in resurrection or in angels, an important detail in v. 25. See also Matt 3:7; 16:1-12; 22:23-34; Luke 20:27-38; Acts 4:1; 5:17; 23:6-8.
- Mark 12:18 sn This remark is best regarded as a parenthetical note by the author.
- Mark 12:18 tn Grk “and asked him, saying.” The participle λέγοντες (legontes) is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.
- Mark 12:19 tn Grk “his brother”; but this would be redundant in English with the same phrase “his brother” at the end of the verse, so most modern translations render this phrase “the man” (so NIV, NRSV).
- Mark 12:19 tn The use of ἵνα (hina) with imperatival force is unusual (BDF §470.1).
- Mark 12:19 tn Grk “raise up seed” (an idiom for fathering children).
- Mark 12:19 sn A quotation from Deut 25:5. This practice is called levirate marriage (see also Ruth 4:1-12; Mishnah, m. Yevamot; Josephus, Ant. 4.8.23 [4.254-256]). The levirate law is described in Deut 25:5-10. The brother of a man who died without a son had an obligation to marry his brother’s widow. This served several purposes: It provided for the widow in a society where a widow with no children to care for her would be reduced to begging, and it preserved the name of the deceased, who would be regarded as the legal father of the first son produced from that marriage.
- Mark 12:20 tn Grk “took a wife” (an idiom for marrying a woman).
- Mark 12:23 tc The words “when they rise again” are missing from several significant witnesses (א B C D L W Δ Ψ 33 579 892 c r1 k syp co). They are included in A Θ ƒ1,(13) M lat sys,h. The strong external pedigree of the shorter reading gives one pause. Nevertheless, the Alexandrian and other mss most likely dropped the words from the text either to conform the wording to the parallel in Matt 22:28 or because “when they rise again” was redundant. But the inclusion of these words is thoroughly compatible with Mark’s usually pleonastic style (see TCGNT 93), and therefore most probably authentic to Mark’s Gospel.
- Mark 12:23 tn Grk “For the seven had her as wife.”
- Mark 12:24 tn Or “mistaken” (cf. BDAG 822 s.v. πλανάω 2.c.γ).
- Mark 12:25 sn Angels do not die, nor do they eat according to Jewish tradition (1 En. 15:6; 51:4; Wis 5:5; 2 Bar. 51:10; 1QH 3.21-23).
- Mark 12:26 tn Grk “Now as for the dead that they are raised.”
- Mark 12:26 sn See Exod 3:6. Jesus used a common form of rabbinic citation here to refer to the passage in question.
- Mark 12:26 tn Grk “and the,” but καί (kai) has not been translated since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.
- Mark 12:26 sn A quotation from Exod 3:6.
- Mark 12:27 sn He is not God of the dead but of the living. Jesus’ point was that if God could identify himself as God of the three old patriarchs, then they must still be alive when God spoke to Moses; and so they must be raised.
- Mark 12:28 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.
- Mark 12:28 tn Or “One of the scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 1:22.
- Mark 12:28 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
- Mark 12:30 tn Grk “You will love.” The future indicative is used here with imperatival force (see ExSyn 452 and 569).
- Mark 12:30 sn A quotation from Deut 6:4-5 and Josh 22:5 (LXX). The fourfold reference to different parts of the person says, in effect, that one should love God with all one’s being.
- Mark 12:31 sn A quotation from Lev 19:18.
- Mark 12:32 sn A quotation from Deut 4:35.
- Mark 12:33 sn A quotation from Deut 6:5.
- Mark 12:33 sn A quotation from Lev 19:18.
- Mark 12:34 sn The kingdom of God is a major theme of Jesus’ teaching. The nature of the kingdom of God in the NT and in Jesus’ teaching has long been debated by interpreters and scholars, with discussion primarily centering around the nature of the kingdom (earthly, heavenly, or both) and the kingdom’s arrival (present, future, or both). An additional major issue concerns the relationship between the kingdom of God and the person and work of Jesus himself.
- Mark 12:35 tn Or “that the scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 1:22.
- Mark 12:35 tn Or “the Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”sn See the note on Christ in 8:29.
- Mark 12:35 sn It was a common belief in Judaism that Messiah would be David’s son in that he would come from the lineage of David. On this point the Pharisees agreed and were correct. But their understanding was nonetheless incomplete, for Messiah is also David’s Lord. With this statement Jesus was affirming that, as the Messiah, he is both God and man.
- Mark 12:36 sn The Lord said to my lord. With David being the speaker, this indicates his respect for his descendant (referred to as my lord). Jesus was arguing, as the ancient exposition assumed, that the passage is about the Lord’s anointed. The passage looks at an enthronement of this figure and a declaration of honor for him as he takes his place at the side of God. In Jerusalem, the king’s palace was located to the right of the temple to indicate this kind of relationship. Jesus was pressing the language here to get his opponents to reflect on how great Messiah is.
- Mark 12:36 sn A quotation from Ps 110:1.
- Mark 12:37 tn Grk “David himself calls him ‘Lord.’ So how is he his son?” The conditional nuance, implicit in Greek, has been made explicit in the translation (cf. Matt 22:45).
- Mark 12:38 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
- Mark 12:38 tn Or “for the scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 1:22.
- Mark 12:38 tn In Greek this is the only infinitive in vv. 38-39. It would be awkward in English to join an infinitive to the following noun clauses, so this has been translated as a gerund.
- Mark 12:38 sn There is later Jewish material in the Talmud that spells out such greetings in detail. See H. Windisch, TDNT 1:498.
- Mark 12:38 sn See the note on marketplaces in Mark 6:56.
- Mark 12:39 sn See the note on synagogue in 1:21.
- Mark 12:40 tn Grk “who,” continuing the sentence begun in v. 38.
- Mark 12:40 tn Grk “houses,” “households”; however, the term can have the force of “property” or “possessions” as well (O. Michel, TDNT 5:131; BDAG 695 s.v. οἶκια 1.a).
- Mark 12:41 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
- Mark 12:41 tc Most mss, predominantly of the Western and Byzantine texts (A D W Θ ƒ1,13 33 2542 M lat), have ὁ ᾿Ιησοῦς (ho Iēsous, “Jesus”) as the explicit subject here, while א B L Δ Ψ 892 lack the name. A natural scribal tendency is to expand the text, especially to add the Lord’s name as the explicit subject of a verb. Scribes much less frequently omitted the Lord’s name (cf. the readings of W Θ 565 1424 in Mark 12:17). The internal and external evidence support one another here in behalf of the shorter reading.
- Mark 12:41 tn On the term γαζοφυλάκιον (gazophulakion), often translated “treasury,” see BDAG 186 s.v., which states, “For Mk 12:41, 43; Lk 21:1 the mng. contribution box or receptacle is attractive. Acc. to Mishnah, Shekalim 6, 5 there were in the temple 13 such receptacles in the form of trumpets. But even in these passages the general sense of ‘treasury’ is prob., for the contributions would go [into] the treasury via the receptacles.” Based upon the extra-biblical evidence (see sn following), however, the translation opts to refer to the actual receptacles and not the treasury itself.sn The offering box probably refers to the receptacles in the temple forecourt by the Court of Women used to collect freewill offerings. These are mentioned by Josephus, J. W. 5.5.2 (5.200); 6.5.2 (6.282); Ant. 19.6.1 (19.294), and in 1 Macc 14:49 and 2 Macc 3:6, 24, 28, 40 (see also Luke 21:1; John 8:20).
- Mark 12:42 sn These two small copper coins were lepta (sing. “lepton”), the smallest and least valuable coins in circulation in Palestine, worth one-half of a quadrans or 1/128 of a denarius, or about six minutes of an average daily wage. This was next to nothing in value.
- Mark 12:43 tn Grk “Truly (ἀμήν, amēn), I say to you.”
- Mark 12:43 tn See the note on the term “offering box” in v. 41.
- Mark 12:43 sn Has put more into the offering box than all the others. With God, giving is weighed evaluatively, not counted. The widow was praised because she gave sincerely and at some considerable cost to herself.
- Mark 12:44 tn Grk “out of what abounded to them.”
- Mark 12:44 sn The contrast between this passage, 12:41-44, and what has come before in 11:27-12:40 is remarkable. The woman is set in stark contrast to the religious leaders. She was a poor widow, they were rich. She was uneducated in the law, they were well educated in the law. She was a woman, they were men. But whereas they evidenced no faith and actually stole money from God and men (cf. 11:17), she evidenced great faith and gave out of her extreme poverty everything she had.
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