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凶恶园户的比喻

12 耶稣就用比喻对他们说:“有人栽了一个葡萄园,周围圈上篱笆,挖了一个压酒池,盖了一座楼,租给园户,就往外国去了。 到了时候,打发一个仆人到园户那里,要从园户收葡萄园的果子。 园户拿住他,打了他,叫他空手回去。 再打发一个仆人到他们那里,他们打伤他的头,并且凌辱他。 又打发一个仆人去,他们就杀了他。后又打发好些仆人去,有被他们打的,有被他们杀的。 园主还有一位是他的爱子,末后又打发他去,意思说:‘他们必尊敬我的儿子。’ 不料那些园户彼此说:‘这是承受产业的。来吧,我们杀他,产业就归我们了!’ 于是拿住他,杀了他,把他丢在园外。 这样,葡萄园的主人要怎么办呢?他要来除灭那些园户,将葡萄园转给别人。 10 经上写着说:‘匠人所弃的石头,已做了房角的头块石头。 11 这是主所做的,在我们眼中看为稀奇。’这经你们没有念过吗?” 12 他们看出这比喻是指着他们说的,就想要捉拿他,只是惧怕百姓,于是离开他走了。

巧言盘问

13 后来,他们打发几个法利赛人和几个希律党的人到耶稣那里,要就着他的话陷害他。 14 他们来了,就对他说:“夫子,我们知道你是诚实的,什么人你都不徇情面,因为你不看人的外貌,乃是诚诚实实传神的道。纳税给恺撒可以不可以?

纳税给恺撒

15 “我们该纳不该纳?”耶稣知道他们的假意,就对他们说:“你们为什么试探我?拿一个银钱来给我看。” 16 他们就拿了来。耶稣说:“这像和这号是谁的?”他们说:“是恺撒的。” 17 耶稣说:“恺撒的物当归给恺撒,神的物当归给神。”他们就很稀奇他。

撒都该人辩驳复活之事

18 撒都该人常说没有复活的事。他们来问耶稣,说: 19 “夫子,摩西为我们写着说:‘人若死了,撇下妻子,没有孩子,他兄弟当娶他的妻,为哥哥生子立后。’ 20 有弟兄七人,第一个娶了妻,死了,没有留下孩子。 21 第二个娶了她,也死了,没有留下孩子。第三个也是这样。 22 那七个人都没有留下孩子。末了,那妇人也死了。 23 当复活的时候,她是哪一个的妻子呢?因为他们七个人都娶过她。” 24 耶稣说:“你们所以错了,岂不是因为不明白圣经,不晓得神的大能吗? 25 人从死里复活,也不娶也不嫁,乃像天上的使者一样。 26 论到死人复活,你们没有念过摩西的书‘荆棘篇’上所载的吗?神对摩西说:‘我是亚伯拉罕的神、以撒的神、雅各的神。’ 27 神不是死人的神,乃是活人的神。你们是大错了!”

最大的诫命

28 有一个文士来,听见他们辩论,晓得耶稣回答得好,就问他说:“诫命中哪是第一要紧的呢?” 29 耶稣回答说:“第一要紧的就是说:‘以色列啊,你要听,主我们神是独一的主。 30 你要尽心、尽性、尽意、尽力爱主你的神。’ 31 其次就是说:‘要爱人如己。’再没有比这两条诫命更大的了。” 32 那文士对耶稣说:“夫子说神是一位,实在不错!除了他以外,再没有别的神。 33 并且尽心、尽智、尽力爱他,又爱人如己,就比一切燔祭和各样祭祀好得多。” 34 耶稣见他回答得有智慧,就对他说:“你离神的国不远了。”从此以后,没有人敢再问他什么。

35 耶稣在殿里教训人,就问他们说:“文士怎么说基督是大卫的子孙呢? 36 大卫被圣灵感动,说:‘主对我主说:“你坐在我的右边,等我使你仇敌做你的脚凳。”’ 37 大卫既自己称他为主,他怎么又是大卫的子孙呢?”众人都喜欢听他。

38 耶稣在教训之间说:“你们要防备文士。他们好穿长衣游行,喜爱人在街市上问他们的安, 39 又喜爱会堂里的高位、筵席上的首座。 40 他们侵吞寡妇的家产,假意作很长的祷告。这些人要受更重的刑罚!”

主称赞寡妇的捐资

41 耶稣对银库坐着,看众人怎样投钱入库。有好些财主往里投了若干的钱。 42 有一个穷寡妇来,往里投了两个小钱,就是一个大钱。 43 耶稣叫门徒来,说:“我实在告诉你们:这穷寡妇投入库里的比众人所投的更多, 44 因为他们都是自己有余,拿出来投在里头,但这寡妇是自己不足,把她一切养生的都投上了。”

The Story About a Vineyard

12 1-2 Then Jesus started telling them stories. “A man planted a vineyard. He fenced it, dug a winepress, erected a watchtower, turned it over to the farmhands, and went off on a trip. At the time for harvest, he sent a servant back to the farmhands to collect his profits.

3-5 “They grabbed him, beat him up, and sent him off empty-handed. So he sent another servant. That one they tarred and feathered. He sent another and that one they killed. And on and on, many others. Some they beat up, some they killed.

“Finally there was only one left: a beloved son. In a last-ditch effort, he sent him, thinking, ‘Surely they will respect my son.’

7-8 “But those farmhands saw their chance. They rubbed their hands together in greed and said, ‘This is the heir! Let’s kill him and have it all for ourselves.’ They grabbed him, killed him, and threw him over the fence.

9-11 “What do you think the owner of the vineyard will do? Right. He’ll come and get rid of everyone. Then he’ll assign the care of the vineyard to others. Read it for yourselves in Scripture:

That stone the masons threw out
    is now the cornerstone!
This is God’s work;
    we rub our eyes—we can hardly believe it!”

12 They wanted to lynch him then and there but, intimidated by public opinion, held back. They knew the story was about them. They got away from there as fast as they could.

Paying Taxes to Caesar

13-14 They sent some Pharisees and followers of Herod to bait him, hoping to catch him saying something incriminating. They came up and said, “Teacher, we know you have integrity, that you are indifferent to public opinion, don’t pander to your students, and teach the way of God accurately. Tell us: Is it lawful to pay taxes to Caesar or not?”

15-16 He knew it was a trick question, and said, “Why are you playing these games with me? Bring me a coin and let me look at it.” They handed him one.

“This engraving—who does it look like? And whose name is on it?”

“Caesar,” they said.

17 Jesus said, “Give Caesar what is his, and give God what is his.”

Their mouths hung open, speechless.

Our Intimacies Will Be with God

18-23 Some Sadducees, the party that denies any possibility of resurrection, came up and asked, “Teacher, Moses wrote that if a man dies and leaves a wife but no child, his brother is obligated to marry the widow and have children. Well, there once were seven brothers. The first took a wife. He died childless. The second married her. He died, and still no child. The same with the third. All seven took their turn, but no child. Finally the wife died. When they are raised at the resurrection, whose wife is she? All seven were her husband.”

24-27 Jesus said, “You’re way off base, and here’s why: One, you don’t know what God said; two, you don’t know how God works. After the dead are raised up, we’re past the marriage business. As it is with angels now, all our ecstasies and intimacies then will be with God. And regarding the dead, whether or not they are raised, don’t you ever read the Bible? How God at the bush said to Moses, ‘I am—not was—the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’? The living God is God of the living, not the dead. You’re way, way off base.”

The Most Important Commandment

28 One of the religion scholars came up. Hearing the lively exchanges of question and answer and seeing how sharp Jesus was in his answers, he put in his question: “Which is most important of all the commandments?”

29-31 Jesus said, “The first in importance is, ‘Listen, Israel: The Lord your God is one; so love the Lord God with all your passion and prayer and intelligence and energy.’ And here is the second: ‘Love others as well as you love yourself.’ There is no other commandment that ranks with these.”

32-33 The religion scholar said, “A wonderful answer, Teacher! So clear-cut and accurate—that God is one and there is no other. And loving him with all passion and intelligence and energy, and loving others as well as you love yourself. Why, that’s better than all offerings and sacrifices put together!”

34 When Jesus realized how insightful he was, he said, “You’re almost there, right on the border of God’s kingdom.”

After that, no one else dared ask a question.

* * *

35-37 While he was teaching in the Temple, Jesus asked, “How is it that the religion scholars say that the Messiah is David’s ‘son,’ when we all know that David, inspired by the Holy Spirit, said,

God said to my Master,
    “Sit here at my right hand
    until I put your enemies under your feet.”

“David here designates the Messiah ‘my Master’—so how can the Messiah also be his ‘son’?”

The large crowd was delighted with what they heard.

38-40 He continued teaching. “Watch out for the religion scholars. They love to walk around in academic gowns, preening in the radiance of public flattery, basking in prominent positions, sitting at the head table at every church function. And all the time they are exploiting the weak and helpless. The longer their prayers, the worse they get. But they’ll pay for it in the end.”

41-44 Sitting across from the offering box, he was observing how the crowd tossed money in for the collection. Many of the rich were making large contributions. One poor widow came up and put in two small coins—a measly two cents. Jesus called his disciples over and said, “The truth is that this poor widow gave more to the collection than all the others put together. All the others gave what they’ll never miss; she gave extravagantly what she couldn’t afford—she gave her all.”

12 And he began to speak unto them by parables. A certain man planted a vineyard, and set an hedge about it, and digged a place for the winefat, and built a tower, and let it out to husbandmen, and went into a far country.

And at the season he sent to the husbandmen a servant, that he might receive from the husbandmen of the fruit of the vineyard.

And they caught him, and beat him, and sent him away empty.

And again he sent unto them another servant; and at him they cast stones, and wounded him in the head, and sent him away shamefully handled.

And again he sent another; and him they killed, and many others; beating some, and killing some.

Having yet therefore one son, his wellbeloved, he sent him also last unto them, saying, They will reverence my son.

But those husbandmen said among themselves, This is the heir; come, let us kill him, and the inheritance shall be ours.'

And they took him, and killed him, and cast him out of the vineyard.

What shall therefore the lord of the vineyard do? he will come and destroy the husbandmen, and will give the vineyard unto others.

10 And have ye not read this scripture; The stone which the builders rejected is become the head of the corner:

11 This was the Lord's doing, and it is marvellous in our eyes?

12 And they sought to lay hold on him, but feared the people: for they knew that he had spoken the parable against them: and they left him, and went their way.

13 And they send unto him certain of the Pharisees and of the Herodians, to catch him in his words.

14 And when they were come, they say unto him, Master, we know that thou art true, and carest for no man: for thou regardest not the person of men, but teachest the way of God in truth: Is it lawful to give tribute to Caesar, or not?

15 Shall we give, or shall we not give? But he, knowing their hypocrisy, said unto them, Why tempt ye me? bring me a penny, that I may see it.

16 And they brought it. And he saith unto them, Whose is this image and superscription? And they said unto him, Caesar's.

17 And Jesus answering said unto them, Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's. And they marvelled at him.

18 Then come unto him the Sadducees, which say there is no resurrection; and they asked him, saying,

19 Master, Moses wrote unto us, If a man's brother die, and leave his wife behind him, and leave no children, that his brother should take his wife, and raise up seed unto his brother.

20 Now there were seven brethren: and the first took a wife, and dying left no seed.

21 And the second took her, and died, neither left he any seed: and the third likewise.

22 And the seven had her, and left no seed: last of all the woman died also.

23 In the resurrection therefore, when they shall rise, whose wife shall she be of them? for the seven had her to wife.

24 And Jesus answering said unto them, Do ye not therefore err, because ye know not the scriptures, neither the power of God?

25 For when they shall rise from the dead, they neither marry, nor are given in marriage; but are as the angels which are in heaven.

26 And as touching the dead, that they rise: have ye not read in the book of Moses, how in the bush God spake unto him, saying, I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob?

27 He is not the God of the dead, but the God of the living: ye therefore do greatly err.

28 And one of the scribes came, and having heard them reasoning together, and perceiving that he had answered them well, asked him, Which is the first commandment of all?

29 And Jesus answered him, The first of all the commandments is, Hear, O Israel; The Lord our God is one Lord:

30 And thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and with all thy strength: this is the first commandment.

31 And the second is like, namely this, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. There is none other commandment greater than these.

32 And the scribe said unto him, Well, Master, thou hast said the truth: for there is one God; and there is none other but he:

33 And to love him with all the heart, and with all the understanding, and with all the soul, and with all the strength, and to love his neighbour as himself, is more than all whole burnt offerings and sacrifices.

34 And when Jesus saw that he answered discreetly, he said unto him, Thou art not far from the kingdom of God. And no man after that durst ask him any question.

35 And Jesus answered and said, while he taught in the temple, How say the scribes that Christ is the son of David?

36 For David himself said by the Holy Ghost, The Lord said to my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand, till I make thine enemies thy footstool.

37 David therefore himself calleth him Lord; and whence is he then his son? And the common people heard him gladly.

38 And he said unto them in his doctrine, Beware of the scribes, which love to go in long clothing, and love salutations in the marketplaces,

39 And the chief seats in the synagogues, and the uppermost rooms at feasts:

40 Which devour widows' houses, and for a pretence make long prayers: these shall receive greater damnation.

41 And Jesus sat over against the treasury, and beheld how the people cast money into the treasury: and many that were rich cast in much.

42 And there came a certain poor widow, and she threw in two mites, which make a farthing.

43 And he called unto him his disciples, and saith unto them, Verily I say unto you, That this poor widow hath cast more in, than all they which have cast into the treasury:

44 For all they did cast in of their abundance; but she of her want did cast in all that she had, even all her living.

Jesus afslører de jødiske lederes ondskab(A)

12 Jesus begyndte nu at tale til dem i billeder: „Der var en mand, som ville dyrke vindruer på sin mark. Han tilplantede marken, omgav den med et stengærde og byggede et vagttårn for at beskytte den mod røvere. Så udhuggede han et bassin i klippegrunden, hvor saften kunne presses af druerne. Derefter lejede han sin vinmark ud til nogle forpagtere og rejste selv til udlandet. Ved høsttid sendte han en af sine folk hen for at få udleveret den del af druehøsten, som tilfaldt ham. Men forpagterne overfaldt ham og sendte ham tomhændet tilbage. Ejeren sendte så en anden af sine folk af sted, men han blev mødt med hån og blev slået i hovedet. Den næste, der blev sendt, slog de ihjel, og de efterfølgende blev enten slået eller dræbt. Ejeren havde nu kun én tilbage, han kunne sende. Det var hans egen elskede søn. Da han endelig sendte ham af sted, var det med den tanke: ‚Min søn må de da respektere!’ Men nej, tværtimod. Forpagterne sagde nu til hinanden: ‚Der har vi ham, der skal arve det hele. Kom, lad os gøre det af med ham, så vi kan få arven.’ De fik fat i ham, slog ham ihjel og smed hans lig uden for muren.

Hvad mon ejeren nu vil gøre? Jo, han vil komme og gøre det af med de onde forpagtere og leje sin vinmark ud til andre. 10 Har I aldrig læst følgende skriftord:

‚Den sten, bygmestrene kasserede,
    er blevet selve hjørnestenen.
11 Det er Herren, der har gjort det,
    og det er forunderligt at se.’[a]

12 De jødiske ledere ville gerne have arresteret Jesus på stedet, for de var godt klar over, hvem han hentydede til, når han talte om forpagtere. Men de lod ham være og gik deres vej, fordi de var bange for folkemængden.

De jødiske ledere søger at fange Jesus i ord(B)

13 Senere sendte de jødiske ledere nogle af farisæerne og herodianerne hen til Jesus for at provokere ham til at sige et eller andet, som han kunne arresteres for.

14 Da udsendingene kom til Jesus, sagde de: „Mester! Vi ved, at du ikke er bange for at sige sandheden, og du snakker ikke folk efter munden. Du lader dig ikke påvirke af menneskers meninger, men underviser sandfærdigt om Guds vilje. Sig os derfor: Skal vi betale skat til den romerske kejser eller ej?”

15 Jesus gennemskuede deres hykleri. „Hvorfor sætter I fælder for mig?” sagde han. „Ræk mig en mønt!” 16 De rakte en mønt frem. „Hvem er der billede af på mønten?” spurgte han. „Og hvad er det for et navn, der er indridset i den?”

„Det er kejserens navn og billede,” svarede de.

17 „Så giv kejseren det, der er hans, og giv Gud det, der er hans.”[b] De var målløse over hans svar.

Saddukæernes spørgsmål om genopstandelsen fra de døde(C)

18 Derefter kom der nogle saddukæere, som jo påstår, at ingen kan genopstå fra de døde. De stillede Jesus følgende spørgsmål: 19 „Mester, Moses gav os jo den forordning, at hvis en mand dør barnløs, skal hans bror gifte sig med enken, så hun kan få en søn, der kan føre den dødes slægt videre. 20 Nu var der syv brødre, og den ældste giftede sig, men døde uden at have fået nogle børn. 21 Derfor giftede den næste af brødrene sig med enken, men også han døde barnløs. Så giftede den tredje sig med hende, men døde også uden at have fået børn. 22 Sådan blev det ved, indtil alle de syv brødre var døde. Til sidst døde også enken. 23 Hvem af brødrene skal være hendes mand, når de genopstår fra de døde? Alle syv har jo været gift med hende.”

24 Jesus svarede: „I tager fejl, fordi I hverken forstår Skriftens ord eller Guds kraft. 25 Når mennesker genopstår fra de døde, vil de ikke længere gifte sig. På det område bliver de ligesom englene i Himlen. 26 Og hvad angår det at genopstå fra de døde, har I så aldrig læst det sted i Toraen, hvor Moses står foran den brændende tornebusk? Der nævner Gud hans afdøde forfædre, idet han siger: ‚Jeg er Abrahams Gud, Isaks Gud og Jakobs Gud!’[c] 27 Men Gud er ikke de dødes Gud. Han er Gud for dem, der lever. I er helt på vildspor.”

Det vigtigste bud i Toraen(D)

28 En af de skriftlærde, der stod og lyttede, syntes, at Jesus havde givet et godt svar. Derfor kom også han frem med sit spørgsmål: „Hvilket bud er det vigtigste?”

29 Jesus svarede: „Det vigtigste bud lyder således:

‚Israels folk, hør efter! Herren er vores Gud—Herren alene. 30 Du skal elske Herren, din Gud, af hele dit hjerte, med liv og sjæl, med alle dine tanker og al din styrke!’[d]

31 Et andet bud lyder således:

‚Du skal elske din næste som dig selv.’[e]

Det er de to vigtigste bud.”

32 „Ja, Mester,” svarede den skriftlærde. „Det er rigtigt, når du siger, at Herren alene er Gud, og der er ingen anden Gud. 33 Og det med at elske ham af hele sit hjerte, med alle sine tanker og al sin styrke og så det med at elske sin næste som sig selv—det er større og vigtigere end alle brændofre og slagtofre.”

34 Da Jesus hørte mandens svar, udbrød han: „Du er ikke langt fra Guds rige!” Derefter var der ingen, der havde mod på at stille Jesus flere spørgsmål.

Messias som Davids søn(E)

35 Mens Jesus underviste folk inde på templets område, spurgte han: „Hvorfor siger de skriftlærde, at Messias skal være en søn[f] af David? 36-37 David kalder jo Messias for sin herre—og han var inspireret af Helligånden, da han sagde det:

‚Herren sagde til min herre:
Sæt dig ved min højre side,
    imens jeg overvinder dine fjender.’[g]

Når David her kalder ham sin herre, hvordan kan han så samtidig være hans søn?”

Den store skare lyttede til ham med begejstring.

Jesus advarer imod de skriftlærdes hykleri(F)

38 Jesus fortsatte: „Tag jer i agt for de skriftlærde! De elsker at gå klædt som fornemme og lærde mænd, og de nyder, at man hilser ærbødigt på dem, når de går gennem byens gader. 39 De kappes om de bedste pladser i synagogen, og de elsker at være æresgæster ved de fine middage. 40 Men samtidig svindler de sig til enkers ejendom, og de fremsiger lange bønner for at se fromme ud. De vil få en hård dom.”

Forskellen mellem at give og at ofre(G)

41 Så satte Jesus sig lige over for templets indsamlingsbøsse og iagttog de folk, der lagde penge i den. Mange rige gav store beløb, 42 men der kom også en fattig enke, som lagde to småmønter deri. 43 Jesus kaldte på disciplene. „Så I den fattige enke der?” spurgte han. „Det siger jeg jer: Hun gav mere end alle de andre. 44 De gav af deres overflod, men hun gav simpelthen alt, hvad hun ejede og havde.”

Footnotes

  1. 12,11 Sl. 118,22-23.
  2. 12,17 Da jøderne vidste, at Gud havde skabt mennesket i sit billede, og at Guds væsen er præget ind i enhver af hans skabninger, forstod de, at Jesus dermed sagde, at de skulle overgive deres liv til Gud.
  3. 12,26 2.Mos. 3,6.
  4. 12,30 5.Mos. 6,4-5.
  5. 12,31 3.Mos. 19,18.
  6. 12,35 På hebraisk bruges „søn” også om en efterkommer.
  7. 12,36-37 Sl. 110,1.