傳統與誡命

15 有幾個法利賽人和律法教師從耶路撒冷來質問耶穌: 「為什麼你的門徒吃飯前不行洗手禮,破壞祖先的傳統呢?」

耶穌回答說:「為什麼你們拘守傳統而違背上帝的誡命呢? 上帝說,『要孝敬父母』,又說,『咒罵父母的,必被處死。』 你們卻說,『人如果把供養父母的錢奉獻給上帝, 他就不必供養父母。』你們這是用傳統來廢掉上帝的誡命。 你們這些偽君子,以賽亞指著你們說的預言一點沒錯,

『這些人嘴上尊崇我,
心卻遠離我,
他們的教導無非是人的規條,
他們敬拜我也是枉然。』」

10 耶穌召集了眾人,對他們說:「你們要聽,也要明白。 11 入口的東西不會使人污穢,從口中出來的才會使人污穢。」

12 門徒上前對祂說:「你知道嗎?法利賽人聽見你的話很反感。」

13 耶穌回答說:「凡不是我天父栽種的都要被連根拔起來。 14 隨便他們吧!他們是瞎眼的嚮導。瞎子給瞎子領路,二人都會掉進坑裡。」

15 彼得對耶穌說:「請給我們解釋一下這個比喻。」

16 耶穌說:「你們還不明白嗎? 17 豈不知入口的東西都是進到肚子裡,然後排泄到廁所裡嗎? 18 可是,從口中出來的乃是發自內心,會使人污穢。 19 因為從心裡出來的有惡念、謀殺、通姦、淫亂、偷盜、假見證和毀謗, 20 這些東西才使人污穢。不洗手吃飯並不會使人污穢。」

迦南婦人的信心

21 耶穌從那裡退到泰爾和西頓境內。 22 那地方有個迦南的婦人前來大聲懇求耶穌:「主啊!大衛的後裔啊!可憐我吧!我的女兒被鬼附身,受盡折磨!」 23 耶穌卻一言不發。門徒上前求祂說:「請讓她走吧!她老是在後面喊叫。」

24 耶穌說:「我奉差遣只是來尋找以色列家迷失的羊。」

25 那婦人上前跪下,說:「主啊!求你幫幫我吧!」

26 耶穌答道:「把兒女的食物丟給狗吃,不合適。」

27 婦人說:「主啊,沒錯,可是狗也吃主人飯桌上掉下來的碎渣呀!」

28 耶穌說:「婦人,你的信心真大!我答應你的要求。」就在那一刻,她女兒就好了。

耶穌使四千人吃飽

29 耶穌離開那裡,來到加利利湖邊,上了山,在那裡坐下。 30 大群的人把瘸子、瞎子、殘疾的、啞巴及許多別的病人帶來,放在祂腳前,祂就治好了他們。 31 大家看見啞巴說話,殘疾的復原,瘸子走路,瞎子看見,都很驚奇,就讚美以色列的上帝。

32 耶穌把門徒召集過來,對他們說:「我憐憫這些人,他們跟我在一起已經三天,沒有任何吃的。我不願讓他們餓著肚子回去,以免他們在路上體力不支。」

33 門徒說:「在這荒野,我們到哪裡找足夠的食物給這麼多人吃呢?」

34 耶穌問:「你們有多少餅?」

門徒答道:「七個,還有幾條小魚。」

35 耶穌便吩咐大家坐在地上。 36 祂拿著那七個餅和幾條魚祝謝後,掰開,遞給門徒,門徒再分給大家。 37 大家都吃了,並且吃飽了,剩下的零碎裝滿了七個筐子。 38 當時吃飯的,除了婦女和小孩,共有四千男人。 39 隨後,耶穌叫眾人散去,自己坐船去了馬加丹地區。

Die Pharisäer und die Überlieferung der Alten

15 Da kamen die Schriftgelehrten und Pharisäer von Jerusalem zu Jesus und sprachen:

Warum übertreten deine Jünger die Überlieferung der Alten[a]? Denn sie waschen ihre Hände nicht, wenn sie Brot essen.

Er aber antwortete und sprach zu ihnen: Und warum übertretet ihr das Gebot Gottes um eurer Überlieferung willen?

Denn Gott hat geboten und gesagt: »Du sollst deinen Vater und deine Mutter ehren!« und: »Wer Vater oder Mutter flucht, der soll des Todes sterben!«[b]

Ihr aber sagt: Wer zum Vater oder zur Mutter spricht: Ich habe zur Weihegabe[c] bestimmt, was dir von mir zugutekommen sollte!, der braucht auch seinen Vater oder seine Mutter nicht mehr zu ehren.

Und so habt ihr das Gebot Gottes um eurer Überlieferung willen aufgehoben.

Ihr Heuchler! Treffend hat Jesaja von euch geweissagt, wenn er spricht:

»Dieses Volk naht sich zu mir mit seinem Mund und ehrt mich mit den Lippen, aber ihr Herz ist fern von mir.

Vergeblich aber verehren sie mich, weil sie Lehren vortragen, die Menschengebote sind.«[d]

Das Herz des Menschen: Quelle der Verunreinigung

10 Und er rief die Volksmenge zu sich und sprach zu ihnen: Hört und versteht!

11 Nicht das, was zum Mund hineinkommt, verunreinigt den Menschen, sondern was aus dem Mund herauskommt, das verunreinigt den Menschen.

12 Da traten seine Jünger herzu und sprachen zu ihm: Weißt du, dass die Pharisäer Anstoß nahmen, als sie das Wort hörten?

13 Er aber antwortete und sprach: Jede Pflanze, die nicht mein himmlischer Vater gepflanzt hat, wird ausgerissen werden.

14 Lasst sie; sie sind blinde Blindenleiter! Wenn aber ein Blinder den anderen leitet, werden beide in die Grube fallen.

15 Petrus aber antwortete und sprach zu ihm: Erkläre uns dieses Gleichnis!

16 Jesus aber sprach: Seid denn auch ihr noch unverständig?

17 Begreift ihr noch nicht, dass alles, was zum Mund hineinkommt, in den Bauch kommt und in den Abort geworfen wird?

18 Was aber aus dem Mund herauskommt, das kommt aus dem Herzen, und das verunreinigt den Menschen.

19 Denn aus dem Herzen kommen böse Gedanken, Mord, Ehebruch, Unzucht, Diebstahl, falsche Zeugnisse, Lästerungen.

20 Das ist"s, was den Menschen verunreinigt! Aber mit ungewaschenen Händen essen, das verunreinigt den Menschen nicht.

Die kananäische Frau

21 Und Jesus ging von dort weg und zog sich in die Gegend von Tyrus und Zidon zurück.

22 Und siehe, eine kanaanäische Frau kam aus jener Gegend, rief ihn an und sprach: Erbarme dich über mich, Herr, du Sohn Davids! Meine Tochter ist schlimm besessen!

23 Er aber antwortete ihr nicht ein Wort. Da traten seine Jünger herzu, baten ihn und sprachen: Fertige sie ab, denn sie schreit uns nach!

24 Er aber antwortete und sprach: Ich bin nur gesandt zu den verlorenen Schafen des Hauses Israel.

25 Da kam sie, fiel vor ihm nieder und sprach: Herr, hilf mir!

26 Er aber antwortete und sprach: Es ist nicht recht, dass man das Brot der Kinder nimmt und es den Hunden vorwirft.

27 Sie aber sprach: Ja, Herr; und doch essen die Hunde von den Brosamen, die vom Tisch ihrer Herren fallen!

28 Da antwortete Jesus und sprach zu ihr: O Frau, dein Glaube ist groß; dir geschehe, wie du willst! Und ihre Tochter war geheilt von jener Stunde an.

Zahlreiche Heilungen

29 Und Jesus zog von dort weiter und kam an den See von Galiläa; und er stieg auf den Berg und setzte sich dort.

30 Und es kamen große Volksmengen zu ihm, die hatten Lahme, Blinde, Stumme, Krüppel und viele andere bei sich. Und sie legten sie zu Jesu Füßen, und er heilte sie,

31 sodass sich die Menge verwunderte, als sie sah, dass Stumme redeten, Krüppel gesund wurden, Lahme gingen und Blinde sehend wurden; und sie priesen den Gott Israels.

Die Speisung der Viertausend

32 Da rief Jesus seine Jünger zu sich und sprach: Ich bin voll Mitleid mit der Menge; denn sie verharren nun schon drei Tage bei mir und haben nichts zu essen, und ich will sie nicht ohne Speise entlassen, damit sie nicht auf dem Weg verschmachten.

33 Und seine Jünger sprachen zu ihm: Woher sollen wir in der Einöde so viele Brote nehmen, um eine so große Menge zu sättigen?

34 Und Jesus sprach zu ihnen: Wie viele Brote habt ihr? Sie sprachen: Sieben, und ein paar Fische.

35 Da gebot er dem Volk, sich auf die Erde zu lagern,

36 und nahm die sieben Brote und die Fische, dankte, brach sie und gab sie seinen Jüngern; die Jünger aber gaben sie dem Volk.

37 Und sie aßen alle und wurden satt und hoben auf, was an Brocken übrig blieb, sieben Körbe voll.

38 Es waren aber etwa 4 000 Männer, die gegessen hatten, ohne Frauen und Kinder.

39 Und nachdem er die Volksmenge entlassen hatte, stieg er in das Schiff und kam in die Gegend von Magdala.

Footnotes

  1. (15,2) d.h. die menschlichen Zusätze, Erläuterungen und Ausführungsbestimmungen zum Gesetz Gottes, die frühere jüdische Lehrer und Schriftgelehrte zusammengetragen hatten und die im jüdischen Schrifttum (Talmud) in der »Mischna« und »Gemara« überliefert sind.
  2. (15,4) 2Mo 20,12; 3Mo 20,9.
  3. (15,5) d.h. als Gott geweihte Gabe für den Tempelschatz.
  4. (15,9) Jes 29,13.

That Which Defiles(A)

15 Then some Pharisees and teachers of the law came to Jesus from Jerusalem and asked, “Why do your disciples break the tradition of the elders? They don’t wash their hands before they eat!”(B)

Jesus replied, “And why do you break the command of God for the sake of your tradition? For God said, ‘Honor your father and mother’[a](C) and ‘Anyone who curses their father or mother is to be put to death.’[b](D) But you say that if anyone declares that what might have been used to help their father or mother is ‘devoted to God,’ they are not to ‘honor their father or mother’ with it. Thus you nullify the word of God for the sake of your tradition. You hypocrites! Isaiah was right when he prophesied about you:

“‘These people honor me with their lips,
    but their hearts are far from me.
They worship me in vain;
    their teachings are merely human rules.(E)[c](F)

10 Jesus called the crowd to him and said, “Listen and understand. 11 What goes into someone’s mouth does not defile them,(G) but what comes out of their mouth, that is what defiles them.”(H)

12 Then the disciples came to him and asked, “Do you know that the Pharisees were offended when they heard this?”

13 He replied, “Every plant that my heavenly Father has not planted(I) will be pulled up by the roots. 14 Leave them; they are blind guides.[d](J) If the blind lead the blind, both will fall into a pit.”(K)

15 Peter said, “Explain the parable to us.”(L)

16 “Are you still so dull?”(M) Jesus asked them. 17 “Don’t you see that whatever enters the mouth goes into the stomach and then out of the body? 18 But the things that come out of a person’s mouth come from the heart,(N) and these defile them. 19 For out of the heart come evil thoughts—murder, adultery, sexual immorality, theft, false testimony, slander.(O) 20 These are what defile a person;(P) but eating with unwashed hands does not defile them.”

The Faith of a Canaanite Woman(Q)

21 Leaving that place, Jesus withdrew to the region of Tyre and Sidon.(R) 22 A Canaanite woman from that vicinity came to him, crying out, “Lord, Son of David,(S) have mercy on me! My daughter is demon-possessed and suffering terribly.”(T)

23 Jesus did not answer a word. So his disciples came to him and urged him, “Send her away, for she keeps crying out after us.”

24 He answered, “I was sent only to the lost sheep of Israel.”(U)

25 The woman came and knelt before him.(V) “Lord, help me!” she said.

26 He replied, “It is not right to take the children’s bread and toss it to the dogs.”

27 “Yes it is, Lord,” she said. “Even the dogs eat the crumbs that fall from their master’s table.”

28 Then Jesus said to her, “Woman, you have great faith!(W) Your request is granted.” And her daughter was healed at that moment.

Jesus Feeds the Four Thousand(X)(Y)(Z)

29 Jesus left there and went along the Sea of Galilee. Then he went up on a mountainside and sat down. 30 Great crowds came to him, bringing the lame, the blind, the crippled, the mute and many others, and laid them at his feet; and he healed them.(AA) 31 The people were amazed when they saw the mute speaking, the crippled made well, the lame walking and the blind seeing. And they praised the God of Israel.(AB)

32 Jesus called his disciples to him and said, “I have compassion for these people;(AC) they have already been with me three days and have nothing to eat. I do not want to send them away hungry, or they may collapse on the way.”

33 His disciples answered, “Where could we get enough bread in this remote place to feed such a crowd?”

34 “How many loaves do you have?” Jesus asked.

“Seven,” they replied, “and a few small fish.”

35 He told the crowd to sit down on the ground. 36 Then he took the seven loaves and the fish, and when he had given thanks, he broke them(AD) and gave them to the disciples, and they in turn to the people. 37 They all ate and were satisfied. Afterward the disciples picked up seven basketfuls of broken pieces that were left over.(AE) 38 The number of those who ate was four thousand men, besides women and children. 39 After Jesus had sent the crowd away, he got into the boat and went to the vicinity of Magadan.

Footnotes

  1. Matthew 15:4 Exodus 20:12; Deut. 5:16
  2. Matthew 15:4 Exodus 21:17; Lev. 20:9
  3. Matthew 15:9 Isaiah 29:13
  4. Matthew 15:14 Some manuscripts blind guides of the blind

15 Then came to Jesus scribes and Pharisees, which were of Jerusalem, saying,

Why do thy disciples transgress the tradition of the elders? for they wash not their hands when they eat bread.

But he answered and said unto them, Why do ye also transgress the commandment of God by your tradition?

For God commanded, saying, Honour thy father and mother: and, He that curseth father or mother, let him die the death.

But ye say, Whosoever shall say to his father or his mother, It is a gift, by whatsoever thou mightest be profited by me;

And honour not his father or his mother, he shall be free. Thus have ye made the commandment of God of none effect by your tradition.

Ye hypocrites, well did Esaias prophesy of you, saying,

This people draweth nigh unto me with their mouth, and honoureth me with their lips; but their heart is far from me.

But in vain they do worship me, teaching for doctrines the commandments of men.

10 And he called the multitude, and said unto them, Hear, and understand:

11 Not that which goeth into the mouth defileth a man; but that which cometh out of the mouth, this defileth a man.

12 Then came his disciples, and said unto him, Knowest thou that the Pharisees were offended, after they heard this saying?

13 But he answered and said, Every plant, which my heavenly Father hath not planted, shall be rooted up.

14 Let them alone: they be blind leaders of the blind. And if the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch.

15 Then answered Peter and said unto him, Declare unto us this parable.

16 And Jesus said, Are ye also yet without understanding?

17 Do not ye yet understand, that whatsoever entereth in at the mouth goeth into the belly, and is cast out into the draught?

18 But those things which proceed out of the mouth come forth from the heart; and they defile the man.

19 For out of the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies:

20 These are the things which defile a man: but to eat with unwashen hands defileth not a man.

21 Then Jesus went thence, and departed into the coasts of Tyre and Sidon.

22 And, behold, a woman of Canaan came out of the same coasts, and cried unto him, saying, Have mercy on me, O Lord, thou son of David; my daughter is grievously vexed with a devil.

23 But he answered her not a word. And his disciples came and besought him, saying, Send her away; for she crieth after us.

24 But he answered and said, I am not sent but unto the lost sheep of the house of Israel.

25 Then came she and worshipped him, saying, Lord, help me.

26 But he answered and said, It is not meet to take the children's bread, and to cast it to dogs.

27 And she said, Truth, Lord: yet the dogs eat of the crumbs which fall from their masters' table.

28 Then Jesus answered and said unto her, O woman, great is thy faith: be it unto thee even as thou wilt. And her daughter was made whole from that very hour.

29 And Jesus departed from thence, and came nigh unto the sea of Galilee; and went up into a mountain, and sat down there.

30 And great multitudes came unto him, having with them those that were lame, blind, dumb, maimed, and many others, and cast them down at Jesus' feet; and he healed them:

31 Insomuch that the multitude wondered, when they saw the dumb to speak, the maimed to be whole, the lame to walk, and the blind to see: and they glorified the God of Israel.

32 Then Jesus called his disciples unto him, and said, I have compassion on the multitude, because they continue with me now three days, and have nothing to eat: and I will not send them away fasting, lest they faint in the way.

33 And his disciples say unto him, Whence should we have so much bread in the wilderness, as to fill so great a multitude?

34 And Jesus saith unto them, How many loaves have ye? And they said, Seven, and a few little fishes.

35 And he commanded the multitude to sit down on the ground.

36 And he took the seven loaves and the fishes, and gave thanks, and brake them, and gave to his disciples, and the disciples to the multitude.

37 And they did all eat, and were filled: and they took up of the broken meat that was left seven baskets full.

38 And they that did eat were four thousand men, beside women and children.

39 And he sent away the multitude, and took ship, and came into the coasts of Magdala.

Rules from the elders

15 Then Pharisees and legal experts came to Jesus from Jerusalem and said, “Why are your disciples breaking the elders’ rules handed down to us? They don’t ritually purify their hands by washing before they eat.”

Jesus replied, “Why do you break the command of God by keeping the rules handed down to you? For God said, Honor your father and your mother,[a] and The person who speaks against father or mother will certainly be put to death.[b] But you say, ‘If you tell your father or mother, “Everything I’m expected to contribute to you I’m giving to God as a gift,”then you don’t have to honor your father.’ So you do away with God’s Law for the sake of the rules that have been handed down to you. Hypocrites! Isaiah really knew what he was talking about when he prophesied about you, This people honors me with their lips, but their hearts are far away from me. Their worship of me is empty since they teach instructions that are human rules.”[c]

10 Jesus called the crowd near and said to them, “Listen and understand. 11 It’s not what goes into the mouth that contaminates a person in God’s sight. It’s what comes out of the mouth that contaminates the person.”

12 Then the disciples came and said to him, “Do you know that the Pharisees were offended by what you just said?”

13 Jesus replied, “Every plant that my heavenly Father didn’t plant will be pulled up. 14 Leave the Pharisees alone. They are blind people who are guides to blind people. But if a blind person leads another blind person, they will both fall into a ditch.”

15 Then Peter spoke up, “Explain this riddle to us.”

16 Jesus said, “Don’t you understand yet? 17 Don’t you know that everything that goes into the mouth enters the stomach and goes out into the sewer? 18 But what goes out of the mouth comes from the heart. And that’s what contaminates a person in God’s sight. 19 Out of the heart come evil thoughts, murders, adultery, sexual sins, thefts, false testimonies, and insults. 20 These contaminate a person in God’s sight. But eating without washing hands doesn’t contaminate in God’s sight.”

Canaanite woman

21 From there, Jesus went to the regions of Tyre and Sidon. 22 A Canaanite woman from those territories came out and shouted, “Show me mercy, Son of David. My daughter is suffering terribly from demon possession.” 23 But he didn’t respond to her at all.

His disciples came and urged him, “Send her away; she keeps shouting out after us.”

24 Jesus replied, “I’ve been sent only to the lost sheep, the people of Israel.”

25 But she knelt before him and said, “Lord, help me.”

26 He replied, “It is not good to take the children’s bread and toss it to dogs.”

27 She said, “Yes, Lord. But even the dogs eat the crumbs that fall off their masters’ table.”

28 Jesus answered, “Woman, you have great faith. It will be just as you wish.” And right then her daughter was healed.

Healing of many people

29 Jesus moved on from there along the shore of the Galilee Sea. He went up a mountain and sat down. 30 Large crowds came to him, including those who were paralyzed, blind, injured, and unable to speak, and many others. They laid them at his feet, and he healed them. 31 So the crowd was amazed when they saw those who had been unable to speak talking, and the paralyzed cured, and the injured walking, and the blind seeing. And they praised the God of Israel.

Feeding the four thousand

32 Now Jesus called his disciples and said, “I feel sorry for the crowd because they have been with me for three days and have nothing to eat. I don’t want to send them away hungry for fear they won’t have enough strength to travel.”

33 His disciples replied, “Where are we going to get enough food in this wilderness to satisfy such a big crowd?”

34 Jesus said, “How much bread do you have?”

They responded, “Seven loaves and a few fish.”

35 He told the crowd to sit on the ground. 36 He took the seven loaves of bread and the fish. After he gave thanks, he broke them into pieces and gave them to the disciples, and the disciples gave them to the crowds. 37 Everyone ate until they were full. The disciples collected seven baskets full of leftovers. 38 Four thousand men ate, plus women and children. 39 After dismissing the crowds, Jesus got into the boat and came to the region of Magadan.