傳統與誡命

有些法利賽人和一些從耶路撒冷來的經文士聚集到耶穌那裡。 他們看見耶穌的一些門徒用不潔淨的手,就是沒有洗過的手吃飯[a][b] 原來,法利賽人和所有的猶太人都拘守古人的傳統:如果不按規矩[c]洗手就不吃飯; 他們從街市上回來,如果不行洗淨禮,也就不吃飯;他們還有很多其他的傳統要拘守,例如洗杯子、瓶子、銅器,甚至床[d]等。 於是,法利賽人和經文士就問耶穌:「你的門徒們為什麼不照著古人的傳統行事,用不潔淨的[e]手吃飯[f]呢?」

耶穌對他們說:以賽亞指著你們這些偽善的人所說的預言是對的,正如經上所記:

『這子民用嘴唇尊重我,
他們的心卻遠離我。
他們敬拜我也是徒然的,
因為他們把人的規條當做教義教導人[g]。』[h]

你們離棄了神的命令,而拘守人的傳統[i]。」 耶穌又對他們說:「你們為了要守住你們的傳統,竟然棄絕了神的命令! 10 摩西吩咐過

『你要孝敬你的父母』[j],又說
『咒罵父親或母親的人,必須處死。』[k]

11 你們卻說『如果一個人對父親或母親說:我本該給你的,已經做了「各爾板」——這意思是「聖殿奉獻」, 12 就准許這個人可以不再為父母做什麼了。』 13 這樣,你們就藉著所繼承的傳統,廢棄了神的話語[l]。你們還做很多類似這樣的事。」 14 耶穌又[m]召來眾人,對他們說:「你們每個人都當聽我說,也當領悟: 15 從人外面進到他裡面的,沒有一樣能使人[n]汙穢;相反,從人裡面出來的,才會使人汙穢。 16 凡是有耳可聽的,就應當聽![o]

17 耶穌離開人群,一進了房子,他的門徒們就問他這比喻的意思。 18 耶穌說:「你們也是這樣無知嗎?你們難道不明白一切從外面進到人裡面的,不能使人汙穢嗎? 19 因為這些東西不是進到人的心裡,而是進入肚子,然後排到廁所裡去。」耶穌這樣就使一切食物都潔淨。 20 他接著說:「從人裡面出來的,那才使人汙穢。 21 因為從裡面,就是從人心裡發出種種惡念:淫亂、偷竊、殺人、 22 通姦、貪心、惡意、欺詐、好色、嫉妒、毀謗、驕傲、愚妄, 23 這一切邪惡都是從人裡面出來的,而且使人汙穢。」

外邦婦人的信心

24 耶穌起身離開那地方到提爾西頓[p]地區。他進了一戶人家,本來不願意任何人知道,卻還是不能避開眾人。 25 有一個婦人,她的女兒有汙靈附著。這婦人一聽說耶穌的事,就趕來俯伏在他的腳前。 26 這婦人是希臘人,出生在敘利亞腓尼基。她請求耶穌把鬼魔從她女兒身上趕出去。 27 耶穌對她說:「應該先讓兒女吃飽,因為拿兒女的餅扔給小狗,是不合宜的。」

28 婦人回答說:「主啊[q]!連桌子底下的小狗,也吃得到孩子們的碎渣!」

29 耶穌對她說:「憑你這句話,你可以回去了。鬼魔已經離開了你的女兒。」 30 婦人回到家,發現孩子[r]躺在床上,鬼魔已經離去了。

耶穌做事都美好

31 耶穌離開提爾地區,經過西頓,從德卡波利斯境內又來到加利利湖邊[s] 32 有人把一個又聾又啞的人帶到耶穌面前,懇求耶穌按手在他身上。 33 耶穌把他從人群中單獨帶到一邊去,用指頭伸進他的耳朵,吐唾沫來抹他的舌頭, 34 然後望天噓了一口氣,對他說:「以法達[t]!」——這意思是「開了吧」。 35 他的耳朵立刻開了,舌結也解了,說話也清楚了。 36 耶穌吩咐他們不要告訴任何人。但是,他越是吩咐,他們越是大大傳揚。

37 人們極其驚訝,說:「他所做的一切都好!他甚至使聾子聽見,使啞巴說話。」

Footnotes

  1. 馬可福音 7:2 飯——原文直譯「餅」。
  2. 馬可福音 7:2 有古抄本附「就指責他們」。
  3. 馬可福音 7:3 按規矩——或譯作「仔細地」。
  4. 馬可福音 7:4 有古抄本沒有「甚至床」。
  5. 馬可福音 7:5 不潔淨的——有古抄本作「沒有洗過的」。
  6. 馬可福音 7:5 飯——原文直譯「餅」。
  7. 馬可福音 7:7 他們把人的規條當做教義教導人——或譯作「他們教導的教義是人的規條」。
  8. 馬可福音 7:7 《以賽亞書》29:13。
  9. 馬可福音 7:8 有古抄本附「例如洗瓶子、杯子,還做很多其他類似這樣的事」。
  10. 馬可福音 7:10 《出埃及記》20:12;《申命記》5:16。
  11. 馬可福音 7:10 《出埃及記》21:17;《利未記》20:9。
  12. 馬可福音 7:13 神的話語——或譯作「神的道」。
  13. 馬可福音 7:14 有古抄本沒有「又」。
  14. 馬可福音 7:15 人——原文直譯「他」。
  15. 馬可福音 7:16 有古抄本沒有此節。
  16. 馬可福音 7:24 有古抄本沒有「和西頓」。
  17. 馬可福音 7:28 主啊——有古抄本作「是的,主啊」。
  18. 馬可福音 7:30 孩子——有古抄本作「女兒」。
  19. 馬可福音 7:31 湖——原文直譯「海」。
  20. 馬可福音 7:34 以法達——亞蘭文詞語的音譯。

不可因传统废弃 神的诫命(A)

有法利赛人和几个经学家从耶路撒冷来,聚集到耶稣那里。 他们看见他的门徒有人用不洁的手,就是没有洗过的手吃饭, (原来法利赛人和所有的犹太人都拘守古人的传统,如果不认真洗手,就不吃东西; 从街市回来,若不洗手,就不吃东西,还有许多别的传统,他们都沿袭拘守,例如洗杯、洗罐、洗铜器等等。) 法利赛人和经学家问耶稣:“你的门徒为甚么不遵行古人的传统,用不洁的手吃饭呢?” 耶稣对他们说:“以赛亚指着你们这班伪君子所说的预言是对的,经上记着:

‘这人民用嘴唇尊敬我,

心却远离我;

他们把人的规条当作道理去教导人,

所以拜我也是徒然。’

你们拘守着人的传统,却离弃了 神的诫命。” 耶稣又对他们说:“你们为了坚守自己的传统,而巧妙地把 神的诫命拒绝了。 10 因为摩西说:‘当孝敬父母’,又说:‘咒骂父母的,必被处死。’ 11 你们倒说:‘人对父母说,我应该给你的供奉,已经作了各耳板’(各耳板意思是奉给 神的供物), 12 你们就不让那人再为父母作甚么。 13 这样,你们借着所领受的传统,把 神的话废弃了。你们还作了许多这一类的事。”

14 于是耶稣又把群众叫过来,对他们说:“你们大家都要听我说,也要明白: 15 从外面进去的,不能使人污秽,从里面出来的,才能使人污秽。”(有些抄本有第16节:“有耳可听的,就应该听。”) 17 耶稣离开群众,进了屋子,门徒就来问他这比喻的意思。 18 他对他们说:“连你们也是这样不明白吗?难道不知道从外面进去的,不能使人污秽吗? 19 因为不是进到他的心,而是进到他的肚腹,再排泄到外面(“外面”或译:“厕所”)去。”(他这样说是表示各样食物都是洁净的。) 20 接着他又说:“从人里面出来的,才会使人污秽。 21 因为从里面,就是从人的心里,发出恶念、淫乱、偷盗、凶杀、 22 奸淫、贪心、邪恶、诡诈、放荡、嫉妒、毁谤、骄傲、愚妄; 23 这一切恶事,是从人里面出来的,都能使人污秽。”

叙利亚妇人的信心(B)

24 耶稣从那里动身到推罗(有些抄本在此有“和西顿”)境内去。进了一所房子,本来不想让人知道,却隐藏不住。 25 有一个女人,她的小女儿被污灵附着,她听见了耶稣的事,就来俯伏在他脚前。 26 这女人是外族人,属于叙利亚的腓尼基族。她求耶稣把鬼从她女儿身上赶出去。 27 耶稣对她说:“应该先让儿女吃饱。拿儿女的饼去丢给小狗吃是不好的。” 28 那女人回答他:“主啊,是的,不过小狗在桌子底下,也可以吃孩子们掉下来的碎渣。” 29 耶稣对她说:“就凭这句话,你回去吧,鬼已经从你女儿身上出去了。” 30 她回到家里,看见小孩子躺在床上,鬼已经出去了。

治好又聋又哑的人(C)

31 耶稣从推罗境内出去,经过西顿,回到低加波利地区的加利利海。 32 有人带着一个又聋又哑的人到他那里,求耶稣按手在他身上。 33 耶稣把他从人群中带到一边,用指头探他的耳朵,吐唾沫抹他的舌头, 34 然后望着天,长长地叹了一口气,对他说:“以法大!”意思是“开了吧”。 35 那人的耳朵就开了,舌头也松了,说话也准确了。 36 耶稣嘱咐他们不要告诉人。但他越是嘱咐,他们却越发传扬。 37 众人非常惊讶说:“他所作的一切事都好极了;他竟然使聋子听见,又使哑巴说话。”

Then came together unto him the Pharisees, and certain of the scribes, which came from Jerusalem.

And when they saw some of his disciples eat bread with defiled, that is to say, with unwashen, hands, they found fault.

For the Pharisees, and all the Jews, except they wash their hands oft, eat not, holding the tradition of the elders.

And when they come from the market, except they wash, they eat not. And many other things there be, which they have received to hold, as the washing of cups, and pots, brasen vessels, and of tables.

Then the Pharisees and scribes asked him, Why walk not thy disciples according to the tradition of the elders, but eat bread with unwashen hands?

He answered and said unto them, Well hath Esaias prophesied of you hypocrites, as it is written, This people honoureth me with their lips, but their heart is far from me.

Howbeit in vain do they worship me, teaching for doctrines the commandments of men.

For laying aside the commandment of God, ye hold the tradition of men, as the washing of pots and cups: and many other such like things ye do.

And he said unto them, Full well ye reject the commandment of God, that ye may keep your own tradition.

10 For Moses said, Honour thy father and thy mother; and, Whoso curseth father or mother, let him die the death:

11 But ye say, If a man shall say to his father or mother, It is Corban, that is to say, a gift, by whatsoever thou mightest be profited by me; he shall be free.

12 And ye suffer him no more to do ought for his father or his mother;

13 Making the word of God of none effect through your tradition, which ye have delivered: and many such like things do ye.

14 And when he had called all the people unto him, he said unto them, Hearken unto me every one of you, and understand:

15 There is nothing from without a man, that entering into him can defile him: but the things which come out of him, those are they that defile the man.

16 If any man have ears to hear, let him hear.

17 And when he was entered into the house from the people, his disciples asked him concerning the parable.

18 And he saith unto them, Are ye so without understanding also? Do ye not perceive, that whatsoever thing from without entereth into the man, it cannot defile him;

19 Because it entereth not into his heart, but into the belly, and goeth out into the draught, purging all meats?

20 And he said, That which cometh out of the man, that defileth the man.

21 For from within, out of the heart of men, proceed evil thoughts, adulteries, fornications, murders,

22 Thefts, covetousness, wickedness, deceit, lasciviousness, an evil eye, blasphemy, pride, foolishness:

23 All these evil things come from within, and defile the man.

24 And from thence he arose, and went into the borders of Tyre and Sidon, and entered into an house, and would have no man know it: but he could not be hid.

25 For a certain woman, whose young daughter had an unclean spirit, heard of him, and came and fell at his feet:

26 The woman was a Greek, a Syrophenician by nation; and she besought him that he would cast forth the devil out of her daughter.

27 But Jesus said unto her, Let the children first be filled: for it is not meet to take the children's bread, and to cast it unto the dogs.

28 And she answered and said unto him, Yes, Lord: yet the dogs under the table eat of the children's crumbs.

29 And he said unto her, For this saying go thy way; the devil is gone out of thy daughter.

30 And when she was come to her house, she found the devil gone out, and her daughter laid upon the bed.

31 And again, departing from the coasts of Tyre and Sidon, he came unto the sea of Galilee, through the midst of the coasts of Decapolis.

32 And they bring unto him one that was deaf, and had an impediment in his speech; and they beseech him to put his hand upon him.

33 And he took him aside from the multitude, and put his fingers into his ears, and he spit, and touched his tongue;

34 And looking up to heaven, he sighed, and saith unto him, Ephphatha, that is, Be opened.

35 And straightway his ears were opened, and the string of his tongue was loosed, and he spake plain.

36 And he charged them that they should tell no man: but the more he charged them, so much the more a great deal they published it;

37 And were beyond measure astonished, saying, He hath done all things well: he maketh both the deaf to hear, and the dumb to speak.

Defilement Comes from Within(A)

Then (B)the Pharisees and some of the scribes came together to Him, having come from Jerusalem. Now [a]when they saw some of His disciples eat bread with defiled, that is, with (C)unwashed hands, [b]they found fault. For the Pharisees and all the Jews do not eat unless they wash their hands [c]in a special way, holding the (D)tradition of the elders. When they come from the marketplace, they do not eat unless they wash. And there are many other things which they have received and hold, like the washing of cups, pitchers, copper vessels, and couches.

(E)Then the Pharisees and scribes asked Him, “Why do Your disciples not walk according to the tradition of the elders, but eat bread with unwashed hands?”

He answered and said to them, “Well did Isaiah prophesy of you (F)hypocrites, as it is written:

(G)‘This people honors Me with their lips,
But their heart is far from Me.
And in vain they worship Me,
Teaching as doctrines the commandments of men.’

For laying aside the commandment of God, you hold the tradition of men—[d]the washing of pitchers and cups, and many other such things you do.”

He said to them, All too well (H)you [e]reject the commandment of God, that you may keep your tradition. 10 For Moses said, (I)‘Honor your father and your mother’; and, (J)‘He who curses father or mother, let him be put to death.’ 11 But you say, ‘If a man says to his father or mother, (K)“Whatever profit you might have received from me is Corban”—’ (that is, a gift to God), 12 then you no longer let him do anything for his father or his mother, 13 making the word of God of no effect through your tradition which you have handed down. And many such things you do.”

14 (L)When He had called all the multitude to Himself, He said to them, “Hear Me, everyone, and (M)understand: 15 There is nothing that enters a man from outside which can defile him; but the things which come out of him, those are the things that (N)defile a man. 16 (O)If[f] anyone has ears to hear, let him hear!”

17 (P)When He had entered a house away from the crowd, His disciples asked Him concerning the parable. 18 So He said to them, (Q)“Are you thus without understanding also? Do you not perceive that whatever enters a man from outside cannot defile him, 19 because it does not enter his heart but his stomach, and is eliminated, [g]thus purifying all foods?” 20 And He said, (R)“What comes out of a man, that defiles a man. 21 (S)For from within, out of the heart of men, (T)proceed evil thoughts, (U)adulteries, (V)fornications, murders, 22 thefts, (W)covetousness, wickedness, (X)deceit, (Y)lewdness, an evil eye, (Z)blasphemy, (AA)pride, foolishness. 23 All these evil things come from within and defile a man.”

A Gentile Shows Her Faith(AB)

24 (AC)From there He arose and went to the region of Tyre [h]and Sidon. And He entered a house and wanted no one to know it, but He could not be (AD)hidden. 25 For a woman whose young daughter had an unclean spirit heard about Him, and she came and (AE)fell at His feet. 26 The woman was a [i]Greek, a [j]Syro-Phoenician by birth, and she kept [k]asking Him to cast the demon out of her daughter. 27 But Jesus said to her, “Let the children be filled first, for it is not good to take the children’s bread and throw it to the little dogs.”

28 And she answered and said to Him, “Yes, Lord, yet even the little dogs under the table eat from the children’s crumbs.”

29 Then He said to her, “For this saying go your way; the demon has gone out of your daughter.”

30 And when she had come to her house, she found the demon gone out, and her daughter lying on the bed.

Jesus Heals a Deaf-Mute(AF)

31 (AG)Again, departing from the region of Tyre and Sidon, He came through the midst of the region of Decapolis to the Sea of Galilee. 32 Then (AH)they brought to Him one who was deaf and had an impediment in his speech, and they begged Him to put His hand on him. 33 And He took him aside from the multitude, and put His fingers in his ears, and (AI)He spat and touched his tongue. 34 Then, (AJ)looking up to heaven, (AK)He sighed, and said to him, “Ephphatha,” that is, “Be opened.”

35 (AL)Immediately his ears were opened, and the [l]impediment of his tongue was loosed, and he spoke plainly. 36 Then (AM)He commanded them that they should tell no one; but the more He commanded them, the more widely they proclaimed it. 37 And they were (AN)astonished beyond measure, saying, “He has done all things well. He (AO)makes both the deaf to hear and the mute to speak.”

Footnotes

  1. Mark 7:2 NU omits when
  2. Mark 7:2 NU omits they found fault
  3. Mark 7:3 Lit. with the fist
  4. Mark 7:8 NU omits the rest of v. 8.
  5. Mark 7:9 set aside
  6. Mark 7:16 NU omits v. 16.
  7. Mark 7:19 NU sets off the final phrase as Mark’s comment that Jesus has declared all foods clean.
  8. Mark 7:24 NU omits and Sidon
  9. Mark 7:26 Gentile
  10. Mark 7:26 A Syrian of Phoenicia
  11. Mark 7:26 begging
  12. Mark 7:35 Lit. bond