傳統與誡命

有法利賽人和一些律法教師從耶路撒冷來見耶穌。 他們看到祂的門徒有些吃飯前沒有照禮儀洗手。 因為法利賽人和所有的猶太人都拘守古人的傳統,總是先照禮儀洗手之後才吃飯; 從市場回來也要先潔淨自己,然後才吃飯。他們還拘守許多其他規矩,如洗杯、罐、銅器等。

他們質問耶穌:「為什麼你的門徒違背祖先的傳統,竟用不潔淨的手吃飯呢?」

耶穌回答說:「以賽亞先知針對你們這些偽君子所說的預言一點不錯,正如聖經上說,

『這些人嘴上尊崇我,
心卻遠離我。
他們的教導無非是人的規條,
他們敬拜我也是枉然。』

你們只知拘守人的傳統,卻無視上帝的誡命。」 耶穌又對他們說:「你們為了拘守自己的傳統,竟巧妙地廢除了上帝的誡命。 10 摩西說,『要孝敬父母』,又說,『咒罵父母的,必被處死。』 11 你們卻認為人若對父母說,『我把供養你們的錢財已經全部奉獻給上帝了』, 12 他就可以不奉養父母。 13 你們就是這樣為了拘守傳統而廢除上帝的道,類似的情形還有很多。」

內心的污穢

14 耶穌又召集眾人,教導他們說:「我的話,你們要聽明白, 15 從外面進去的不會使人污穢,只有從人裡面發出來的才會使人污穢。 16 有耳可聽的,都應當聽!」

17 耶穌離開眾人,進了屋子,門徒問祂這比喻的意思。 18 耶穌說:「你們也不明白嗎?你們不知道嗎?從外面進去的,不會使人污穢, 19 因為不能進入他的心,只能進他的腸胃,最後會排出來,也就是說所有的食物都是潔淨的。 20 從人裡面發出來的才使人污穢, 21 因為從裡面,就是從人的心裡能夠生出惡念、苟合、偷盜、謀殺、 22 通姦、貪婪、邪惡、詭詐、放蕩、嫉妒、毀謗、驕傲、狂妄。 23 這一切惡事都是從裡面生出來的,能使人污穢。」

外族婦人的信心

24 耶穌從那裡啟程去泰爾和西頓地區。祂進了一戶人家,原本不想讓人知道,卻無法避開人們的注意。 25-26 當時有一個婦人的小女兒被污鬼附身,她聽見耶穌的事,就來俯伏在祂腳前,懇求祂趕出她女兒身上的鬼。這婦人是希臘人,來自敘利亞的腓尼基。

27 耶穌對她說:「要先讓兒女們吃飽,因為把兒女的食物丟給狗吃不合適。」

28 婦人說:「主啊,你說的對,但桌子下的狗也吃孩子們掉下來的碎渣呀!」

29 耶穌說:「因為你這句話,你回去吧,鬼已經離開你的女兒了。」

30 她回到家裡,見女兒躺在床上,鬼已經離開了。

醫治聾啞的人

31 耶穌離開泰爾地區,經過西頓,來到低加坡里地區的加利利湖。 32 有人帶著一個又聾又啞的人來見耶穌,懇求祂把手按在這個人身上。 33 耶穌就帶他離開眾人走到一邊,用指頭伸進他的耳朵,又吐唾沫抹他的舌頭, 34 望天長歎,對他說:「以法大!」意思是「開了吧!」 35 他的耳朵立刻開了,舌頭靈活了,說話也清楚了。 36 耶穌吩咐他們不要將這事告訴人。可是耶穌越是這樣吩咐,他們越是極力宣揚, 37 聽見的人都十分驚奇,說:「祂做的事好極了,甚至叫聾子聽見,啞巴說話!」

Fariseii şi datina bătrânilor

Fariseii şi câţiva cărturari veniţi din Ierusalim s-au(A) adunat la Isus. Ei au văzut pe unii din ucenicii Lui prânzind cu mâinile necurate, adică nespălate. Fariseii, însă, şi toţi iudeii nu mănâncă fără să-şi spele cu mare băgare de seamă mâinile, după datina bătrânilor. Şi, când se întorc din piaţă, nu mănâncă decât după ce s-au scăldat. Sunt multe alte obiceiuri pe care au apucat ei să le ţină, precum spălarea paharelor, a urcioarelor, a căldărilor şi a paturilor. Şi(B) fariseii, şi cărturarii L-au întrebat: „Pentru ce nu se ţin ucenicii Tăi de datina bătrânilor, ci prânzesc cu mâinile nespălate?” Isus le-a răspuns: „Făţarnicilor, bine a prorocit Isaia despre voi, după cum este scris: ‘Norodul(C) acesta Mă cinsteşte cu buzele, dar inima lui este departe de Mine. Degeaba Mă cinstesc ei, dând învăţături care nu sunt decât nişte porunci omeneşti.’ Voi lăsaţi porunca lui Dumnezeu şi ţineţi datina aşezată de oameni, precum spălarea urcioarelor şi a paharelor, şi faceţi multe alte lucruri de acestea.” El le-a mai zis: „Aţi desfiinţat frumos porunca lui Dumnezeu ca să ţineţi datina voastră. 10 Căci Moise a zis: ‘Să cinsteşti(D) pe tatăl tău şi pe mama ta’ şi: ‘Cine(E) va grăi de rău pe tatăl său sau pe mama sa, să fie pedepsit cu moartea.’ 11 Voi, dimpotrivă, ziceţi: ‘Dacă un om va spune tatălui său sau mamei sale: «Ori cu ce te-aş putea ajuta», este Corban(F)’, adică dat lui Dumnezeu, face bine; 12 şi nu-l mai lăsaţi să facă nimic pentru tatăl sau pentru mama sa. 13 Şi aşa, aţi desfiinţat Cuvântul lui Dumnezeu prin datina voastră. Şi faceţi multe alte lucruri de felul acesta!”

Ce spurcă pe om

14 În urmă(G), a chemat din nou noroadele la Sine şi le-a zis: „Ascultaţi-Mă toţi şi înţelegeţi. 15 Afară din om nu este nimic care, intrând în el, să-l poată spurca, dar ce iese din om, aceea-l spurcă. 16 Dacă(H) are cineva urechi de auzit, să audă.” 17 După ce(I) a intrat în casă, pe când era departe de norod, ucenicii Lui L-au întrebat despre pilda aceasta. 18 El le-a zis: „Şi voi sunteţi aşa de nepricepuţi? Nu înţelegeţi că nimic din ce intră în om de afară nu-l poate spurca? 19 Fiindcă nu intră în inima lui, ci în pântece, şi apoi este dat afară în hazna?” A zis astfel, făcând toate bucatele curate. 20 El le-a mai zis: „Ce iese din om, aceea spurcă pe om. 21 Căci(J) dinăuntru, din inima oamenilor, ies gândurile rele, preacurviile, curviile, uciderile, 22 furtişagurile, lăcomiile, vicleşugurile, înşelăciunile, faptele de ruşine, ochiul rău, hula, trufia, nebunia. 23 Toate aceste lucruri rele ies dinăuntru şi spurcă pe om.”

Femeia canaaneancă

24 Isus(K) a plecat de acolo şi S-a dus în ţinutul Tirului şi al Sidonului. A intrat într-o casă, dorind să nu ştie nimeni că este acolo, dar n-a putut să rămână ascuns. 25 Căci, îndată, o femeie a cărei fetiţă era stăpânită de un duh necurat a auzit vorbindu-se despre El şi a venit de s-a aruncat la picioarele Lui. 26 Femeia aceasta era o grecoaică de obârşie siro-feniciană. Ea Îl ruga să scoată pe dracul din fiica ei. 27 Isus i-a zis: „Lasă să se sature mai întâi copiii, căci nu este bine să iei pâinea copiilor şi s-o arunci la căţei”. 28 „Da, Doamne”, I-a răspuns ea, „dar şi căţeii de sub masă mănâncă din firimiturile copiilor”. 29 Atunci, Isus i-a zis: „Pentru vorba aceasta, du-te; a ieşit dracul din fiică-ta”. 30 Şi când a intrat femeia în casa ei, a găsit pe copilă culcată în pat şi ieşise dracul din ea.

Vindecarea unui surdomut

31 Isus(L) a părăsit ţinutul Tirului şi a venit iarăşi, prin Sidon, la Marea Galileii, trecând prin ţinutul Decapole. 32 I-au(M) adus un surd, care vorbea cu anevoie, şi L-au rugat să-Şi pună mâinile peste el. 33 El l-a luat la o parte din norod, i-a pus degetele în urechi şi i-a atins limba cu scuipatul(N) Lui. 34 Apoi Şi-a ridicat(O) ochii spre cer, a suspinat(P) şi a zis: „Efata”, adică „Deschide-te!” 35 Îndată(Q) i s-au deschis urechile, i s-a dezlegat limba şi a vorbit foarte desluşit. 36 Isus le-a(R) poruncit să nu spună nimănui, dar, cu cât le poruncea mai mult, cu atât Îl vesteau mai mult. 37 Ei erau uimiţi peste măsură de mult şi ziceau: „Toate le face de minune; chiar şi pe surzi îi face să audă, şi pe muţi, să vorbească.”

That Which Defiles(A)

The Pharisees and some of the teachers of the law who had come from Jerusalem gathered around Jesus and saw some of his disciples eating food with hands that were defiled,(B) that is, unwashed. (The Pharisees and all the Jews do not eat unless they give their hands a ceremonial washing, holding to the tradition of the elders.(C) When they come from the marketplace they do not eat unless they wash. And they observe many other traditions, such as the washing of cups, pitchers and kettles.[a])(D)

So the Pharisees and teachers of the law asked Jesus, “Why don’t your disciples live according to the tradition of the elders(E) instead of eating their food with defiled hands?”

He replied, “Isaiah was right when he prophesied about you hypocrites; as it is written:

“‘These people honor me with their lips,
    but their hearts are far from me.
They worship me in vain;
    their teachings are merely human rules.’[b](F)

You have let go of the commands of God and are holding on to human traditions.”(G)

And he continued, “You have a fine way of setting aside the commands of God in order to observe[c] your own traditions!(H) 10 For Moses said, ‘Honor your father and mother,’[d](I) and, ‘Anyone who curses their father or mother is to be put to death.’[e](J) 11 But you say(K) that if anyone declares that what might have been used to help their father or mother is Corban (that is, devoted to God)— 12 then you no longer let them do anything for their father or mother. 13 Thus you nullify the word of God(L) by your tradition(M) that you have handed down. And you do many things like that.”

14 Again Jesus called the crowd to him and said, “Listen to me, everyone, and understand this. 15 Nothing outside a person can defile them by going into them. Rather, it is what comes out of a person that defiles them.” [16] [f]

17 After he had left the crowd and entered the house, his disciples asked him(N) about this parable. 18 “Are you so dull?” he asked. “Don’t you see that nothing that enters a person from the outside can defile them? 19 For it doesn’t go into their heart but into their stomach, and then out of the body.” (In saying this, Jesus declared all foods(O) clean.)(P)

20 He went on: “What comes out of a person is what defiles them. 21 For it is from within, out of a person’s heart, that evil thoughts come—sexual immorality, theft, murder, 22 adultery, greed,(Q) malice, deceit, lewdness, envy, slander, arrogance and folly. 23 All these evils come from inside and defile a person.”

Jesus Honors a Syrophoenician Woman’s Faith(R)

24 Jesus left that place and went to the vicinity of Tyre.[g](S) He entered a house and did not want anyone to know it; yet he could not keep his presence secret. 25 In fact, as soon as she heard about him, a woman whose little daughter was possessed by an impure spirit(T) came and fell at his feet. 26 The woman was a Greek, born in Syrian Phoenicia. She begged Jesus to drive the demon out of her daughter.

27 “First let the children eat all they want,” he told her, “for it is not right to take the children’s bread and toss it to the dogs.”

28 “Lord,” she replied, “even the dogs under the table eat the children’s crumbs.”

29 Then he told her, “For such a reply, you may go; the demon has left your daughter.”

30 She went home and found her child lying on the bed, and the demon gone.

Jesus Heals a Deaf and Mute Man(U)

31 Then Jesus left the vicinity of Tyre(V) and went through Sidon, down to the Sea of Galilee(W) and into the region of the Decapolis.[h](X) 32 There some people brought to him a man who was deaf and could hardly talk,(Y) and they begged Jesus to place his hand on(Z) him.

33 After he took him aside, away from the crowd, Jesus put his fingers into the man’s ears. Then he spit(AA) and touched the man’s tongue. 34 He looked up to heaven(AB) and with a deep sigh(AC) said to him, “Ephphatha!” (which means “Be opened!”). 35 At this, the man’s ears were opened, his tongue was loosened and he began to speak plainly.(AD)

36 Jesus commanded them not to tell anyone.(AE) But the more he did so, the more they kept talking about it. 37 People were overwhelmed with amazement. “He has done everything well,” they said. “He even makes the deaf hear and the mute speak.”

Footnotes

  1. Mark 7:4 Some early manuscripts pitchers, kettles and dining couches
  2. Mark 7:7 Isaiah 29:13
  3. Mark 7:9 Some manuscripts set up
  4. Mark 7:10 Exodus 20:12; Deut. 5:16
  5. Mark 7:10 Exodus 21:17; Lev. 20:9
  6. Mark 7:16 Some manuscripts include here the words of 4:23.
  7. Mark 7:24 Many early manuscripts Tyre and Sidon
  8. Mark 7:31 That is, the Ten Cities

The P’rushim and some of the Torah-teachers who had come from Yerushalayim gathered together with Yeshua and saw that some of his talmidim ate with ritually unclean hands, that is, without doing n’tilat-yadayim. (For the P’rushim, and indeed all the Judeans, holding fast to the Tradition of the Elders, do not eat unless they have given their hands a ceremonial washing. Also, when they come from the marketplace they do not eat unless they have rinsed their hands up to the wrist; and they adhere to many other traditions, such as washing cups, pots and bronze vessels.)

The P’rushim and the Torah-teachers asked him, “Why don’t your talmidim live in accordance with the Tradition of the Elders, but instead eat with ritually unclean hands?” Yeshua answered them, “Yesha‘yahu was right when he prophesied about you hypocrites — as it is written,

‘These people honor me with their lips,
but their hearts are far away from me.
Their worship of me is useless,
because they teach man-made rules as if they were doctrines.’[a]

“You depart from God’s command and hold onto human tradition. Indeed,” he said to them, “you have made a fine art of departing from God’s command in order to keep your tradition! 10 For Moshe said, ‘Honor your father and your mother,[b] and ‘Anyone who curses his father or mother must be put to death.[c] 11 But you say, ‘If someone says to his father or mother, “I have promised as a korban” ’ ” (that is, as a gift to God) “ ‘ “what I might have used to help you,” ’ 12 then you no longer let him do anything for his father or mother. 13 Thus, with your tradition which you had handed down to you, you nullify the Word of God! And you do other things like this.”

14 Then Yeshua called the people to him again and said, “Listen to me, all of you, and understand this! 15 There is nothing outside a person which, by going into him, can make him unclean. Rather, it is the things that come out of a person which make a person unclean!” 16 [d]

17 When he had left the people and entered the house, his talmidim asked him about the parable. 18 He replied to them, “So you too are without understanding? Don’t you see that nothing going into a person from outside can make him unclean? 19 For it doesn’t go into his heart but into his stomach, and it passes out into the latrine.” (Thus he declared all foods ritually clean.) 20 “It is what comes out of a person,” he went on, “that makes him unclean. 21 For from within, out of a person’s heart, come forth wicked thoughts, sexual immorality, theft, murder, adultery, 22 greed, malice, deceit, indecency, envy, slander, arrogance, foolishness…. 23 All these wicked things come from within, and they make a person unclean.”

24 Next, Yeshua left that district and went off to the vicinity of Tzor and Tzidon. There he found a house to stay in and wanted to remain unrecognized, but keeping hidden proved impossible. 25 Instead, a woman whose little daughter had an unclean spirit in her came to him and fell down at his feet. 26 The woman was a Greek, by birth a Syro-phoenician, and she begged him to drive the demon out of her daughter. 27 He said, “Let the children be fed first, for it is not right to take the children’s food and toss it to their pet dogs.” 28 She answered him, “That is true, sir; but even the dogs under the table eat the children’s leftovers.” 29 Then he said to her, “For such an answer you may go on home; the demon has left your daughter.” 30 She went back home and found the child lying on the couch, the demon gone.

31 Then he left the district of Tzor and went through Tzidon to Lake Kinneret and on to the region of the Ten Towns. 32 They brought him a man who was deaf and had a speech impediment and asked Yeshua to lay his hand on him. 33 Taking him off alone, away from the crowd, Yeshua put his fingers into the man’s ears, spat, and touched his tongue; 34 then, looking up to heaven, he gave a deep groan and said to him, “Hippatach!” (that is, “Be opened!”). 35 His ears were opened, his tongue was freed, and he began speaking clearly. 36 Yeshua ordered the people to tell no one; but the more he insisted, the more zealously they spread the news. 37 People were overcome with amazement. “Everything he does, he does well!” they said. “He even makes the deaf hear and the dumb speak!”

Footnotes

  1. Mark 7:7 Isaiah 29:13
  2. Mark 7:10 Exodus 20:12; Deuteronomy 5:16
  3. Mark 7:10 Exodus 21:17; Leviticus 20:9
  4. Mark 7:16 Some manuscripts include verse 7:16: “Anyone who has ears that can hear, let him hear!”