葡萄園主的比喻

12 耶穌開始用比喻對他們說:「有一個人栽種了一個葡萄園,四面圍上籬笆,挖了一個榨酒池,蓋了一座守望樓,然後把葡萄園租給一些農夫,就出外旅行。 到了收穫的[a]季節,他就派了一個奴僕到那些農夫那裡去,好從他們收取葡萄園的果子。 但他們抓住那奴僕,打了他,叫他空手回去。 園主又派另一個奴僕到他們那裡去。那些農夫[b]打傷了他的頭,並且侮辱他[c] 園主再派另一個去,他們把他殺了。另派了許多去,有的被打,有的被殺。

「那園主還有一位——是他的愛子。最後他差派兒子到他們那裡,說:『他們一定會尊重我的兒子。』

「可是那些農夫彼此說:『這是繼承人。來,我們把他殺了,那繼業就歸我們了。』 於是他們抓住他,把他殺了,並扔出葡萄園外。

「那麼,葡萄園的主人會做什麼呢?他會來除滅那些農夫,把葡萄園交給別人。 10 你們難道也沒有讀過這段經文嗎?

『工匠所棄絕的石頭,
它已經成了房角的頭塊石頭;
11 這是主所成就的,
在我們眼中實在奇妙!』[d]

12 祭司長們、律法師們和長老們知道這比喻是針對他們而說的,就想拘捕耶穌。可是他們怕民眾,於是離開耶穌走了。

神與凱撒

13 後來,他們派了一些法利賽人和希律黨的人到耶穌那裡,要找話柄來陷害他。 14 那些人來對耶穌說:「老師,我們知道你是真誠的。你不顧忌任何人,因為你不看人的情面,而是按真理教導神的道[e]。請問,向凱撒納稅,可以不可以呢?我們該交還是不該交呢?」

15 耶穌看出他們的假意,就對他們說:「你們為什麼試探我呢?拿一個銀幣[f]來給我看。」 16 他們就拿來了。耶穌問他們:「這是誰的像和名號?」

他們回答說:「是凱撒的。」

17 耶穌對他們說:「凱撒的歸給凱撒;神的歸給神。」這使他們感到驚奇。

撒都該人與復活

18 接著,撒都該人來到耶穌那裡,他們一向說沒有復活的事。他們問耶穌,說: 19 「老師,摩西為我們寫道:如果一個人的兄弟死了,撇下妻子而沒有留下孩子,他就應該娶這婦人,為兄弟留後裔。[g] 20 曾經有兄弟七人,第一個娶了妻子,死去了,沒有留下後裔。 21 第二個娶了這寡婦,也死了,沒有留下後裔。第三個也一樣。 22 結果,兄弟七個都[h]沒有留下後裔。到了最後,這婦人也死了。 23 既然這七個人都娶過她為妻,在復活的時候,當他們復活了[i],她將是誰的妻子呢?」

24 耶穌說:「你們之所以錯了,不就是因為你們不明白經上的話,也不明白神的大能嗎? 25 當人從死人中復活以後,他們既不娶也不嫁,而是像諸天之上的天使一樣。 26 關於死人復活的事,你們難道沒有讀過摩西書『荊棘篇』上,神怎樣對摩西說的嗎?神說『我是亞伯拉罕的神、以撒的神、雅各的神。』[j] 27 神不是死人的神,而是活人的神[k]。你們完全錯了!」

最重要的誡命

28 有一個經文士前來,聽見他們辯論,見耶穌回答得好,就問耶穌:「所有的誡命中,哪一條是最重要的呢?」

29 耶穌回答:[l]最重要的是:

以色列啊,你當聽好!主——我們的神,是獨一的主。[m] 30 你要以全心、全靈、全意、全力愛主——你的神。[n][o]

31 「其次就是『要愛鄰如己。』[p]沒有別的誡命比這兩條更大的了。」

32 那經文士就對耶穌說:「不錯,老師,你真的講了:神只有一位,除他以外沒有別的神。 33 以全心、全智、[q]全力來愛神,並且要愛鄰如己,這是比所有的燔祭和各種祭祀都重要的。」

34 耶穌見他回答得有智慧,就對他說:「你離神的國不遠了。」於是,沒有人敢再質問耶穌了。

有關基督的問題

35 耶穌在聖殿裡教導人的時候問:「經文士們怎麼說基督是大衛的後裔呢? 36 大衛藉著聖靈,自己說過:

『主對我主說:
你坐在我的右邊,
等我把你的敵人放在你的腳下[r]。』[s]

37 大衛自己稱基督為『主』,基督又怎麼會是大衛的後裔呢?」那一大群人都樂意聽耶穌講說。

要防備經文士

38 耶穌在他的教導中說:「你們要當心經文士們。他們喜歡穿著長袍走來走去,喜歡街市上的致敬問候, 39 又喜歡會堂裡的首位、宴席中的上座。 40 他們侵吞寡婦的家產,又假意做很長的禱告。這些人將受到更重的懲罰[t]。」

寡婦的奉獻

41 耶穌面對奉獻箱坐著,看眾人怎樣把錢投入奉獻箱裡。許多富有的人投進了很多錢。 42 有一個窮寡婦來,投進兩個小錢[u],值一個銅幣[v] 43 耶穌把他的門徒們召來,對他們說:「我確實地告訴你們:這窮寡婦所投入奉獻箱的,比所有的人投的更多。 44 因為大家是從自己的富餘中拿出來投進去;而這寡婦是從自己的缺乏中,把她所擁有的一切,就是她全部的養生費用都投進去了。」

Footnotes

  1. 馬可福音 12:2 收穫的——輔助詞語。
  2. 馬可福音 12:4 有古抄本附「用石頭砸他,」。
  3. 馬可福音 12:4 有古抄本附「把他趕了回去」。
  4. 馬可福音 12:11 《詩篇》118:22-23。
  5. 馬可福音 12:14 道——或譯作「路」。
  6. 馬可福音 12:15 銀幣——原文為「得拿利」。1得拿利=約1日工資的羅馬銀幣。
  7. 馬可福音 12:19 《申命記》25:5。
  8. 馬可福音 12:22 有古抄本附「娶過她,而」。
  9. 馬可福音 12:23 有古抄本沒有「當他們復活以後」。
  10. 馬可福音 12:26 《出埃及記》3:6,15-16。
  11. 馬可福音 12:27 有古抄本沒有「神」。
  12. 馬可福音 12:29 有古抄本附「所有誡命中」。
  13. 馬可福音 12:29 《申命記》6:4。
  14. 馬可福音 12:30 《申命記》6:5;《約書亞記》22:5。
  15. 馬可福音 12:30 有古抄本附「這是最重要的誡命。」
  16. 馬可福音 12:31 《利未記》19:18。
  17. 馬可福音 12:33 有古抄本附「全靈、」。
  18. 馬可福音 12:36 有古抄本附「做腳凳」。
  19. 馬可福音 12:36 《詩篇》110:1。
  20. 馬可福音 12:40 懲罰——或譯作「審判」。
  21. 馬可福音 12:42 兩個小錢——原文為「2雷普頓」。1雷普頓=約1/128日工資的希臘小銅幣。
  22. 馬可福音 12:42 銅幣——原文為「柯錐特」。1柯錐特=約1/64日工資的羅馬銅幣。

The Parable of the Wicked Vinedressers(A)

12 Then (B)He began to speak to them in parables: “A man planted a vineyard and set a hedge around it, dug a place for the wine vat and built a tower. And he leased it to [a]vinedressers and went into a far country. Now at vintage-time he sent a servant to the vinedressers, that he might receive some of the fruit of the vineyard from the vinedressers. And they took him and beat him and sent him away empty-handed. Again he sent them another servant, [b]and at him they threw stones, wounded him in the head, and sent him away shamefully treated. And again he sent another, and him they killed; and many others, (C)beating some and killing some. Therefore still having one son, his beloved, he also sent him to them last, saying, ‘They will respect my son.’ But those [c]vinedressers said among themselves, ‘This is the heir. Come, let us kill him, and the inheritance will be ours.’ So they took him and (D)killed him and cast him out of the vineyard.

“Therefore what will the owner of the vineyard do? He will come and destroy the vinedressers, and give the vineyard to others. 10 Have you not even read this Scripture:

(E)‘The stone which the builders rejected
Has become the chief cornerstone.
11 This was the Lord’s doing,
And it is marvelous in our eyes’?”

12 (F)And they sought to lay hands on Him, but feared the multitude, for they knew He had spoken the parable against them. So they left Him and went away.

The Pharisees: Is It Lawful to Pay Taxes to Caesar?(G)

13 (H)Then they sent to Him some of the Pharisees and the Herodians, to catch Him in His words. 14 When they had come, they said to Him, “Teacher, we know that You are true, and [d]care about no one; for You do not [e]regard the person of men, but teach the (I)way of God in truth. Is it lawful to pay taxes to Caesar, or not? 15 Shall we pay, or shall we not pay?”

But He, knowing their (J)hypocrisy, said to them, “Why do you test Me? Bring Me a denarius that I may see it. 16 So they brought it.

And He said to them, “Whose image and inscription is this?” They said to Him, “Caesar’s.”

17 And Jesus answered and said to them, [f]“Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to (K)God the things that are God’s.”

And they marveled at Him.

The Sadducees: What About the Resurrection?(L)

18 (M)Then some Sadducees, (N)who say there is no resurrection, came to Him; and they asked Him, saying: 19 “Teacher, (O)Moses wrote to us that if a man’s brother dies, and leaves his wife behind, and leaves no children, his brother should take his wife and raise up offspring for his brother. 20 Now there were seven brothers. The first took a wife; and dying, he left no offspring. 21 And the second took her, and he died; nor did he leave any offspring. And the third likewise. 22 So the seven had her and left no offspring. Last of all the woman died also. 23 Therefore, in the resurrection, when they rise, whose wife will she be? For all seven had her as wife.”

24 Jesus answered and said to them, “Are you not therefore [g]mistaken, because you do not know the Scriptures nor the power of God? 25 For when they rise from the dead, they neither marry nor are given in marriage, but (P)are like angels in heaven. 26 But concerning the dead, that they (Q)rise, have you not read in the book of Moses, in the burning bush passage, how God spoke to him, saying, (R)‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’? 27 He is not the God of the dead, but the God of the living. You are therefore greatly [h]mistaken.”

The Scribes: Which Is the First Commandment of All?(S)

28 (T)Then one of the scribes came, and having heard them reasoning together, [i]perceiving that He had answered them well, asked Him, “Which is the [j]first commandment of all?”

29 Jesus answered him, “The [k]first of all the commandments is: (U)‘Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is one. 30 And you shall (V)love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind, and with all your strength.’ [l]This is the first commandment. 31 And the second, like it, is this: (W)‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ There is no other commandment greater than (X)these.”

32 So the scribe said to Him, “Well said, Teacher. You have spoken the truth, for there is one God, (Y)and there is no other but He. 33 And to love Him with all the heart, with all the understanding, [m]with all the soul, and with all the strength, and to love one’s neighbor as oneself, (Z)is more than all the whole burnt offerings and sacrifices.”

34 Now when Jesus saw that he answered wisely, He said to him, “You are not far from the kingdom of God.”

(AA)But after that no one dared question Him.

Jesus: How Can David Call His Descendant Lord?(AB)

35 (AC)Then Jesus answered and said, while He taught in the temple, “How is it that the scribes say that the Christ is the Son of David? 36 For David himself said (AD)by the Holy Spirit:

(AE)‘The Lord said to my Lord,
“Sit at My right hand,
Till I make Your enemies Your footstool.” ’

37 Therefore David himself calls Him ‘Lord’; how is He then his (AF)Son?”

And the common people heard Him gladly.

Beware of the Scribes(AG)

38 Then (AH)He said to them in His teaching, (AI)“Beware of the scribes, who desire to go around in long robes, (AJ)love greetings in the marketplaces, 39 the (AK)best seats in the synagogues, and the best places at feasts, 40 (AL)who devour widows’ houses, and [n]for a pretense make long prayers. These will receive greater condemnation.”

The Widow’s Two Mites(AM)

41 (AN)Now Jesus sat opposite the treasury and saw how the people put money (AO)into the treasury. And many who were rich put in much. 42 Then one poor widow came and threw in two [o]mites, which make a [p]quadrans. 43 So He called His disciples to Himself and said to them, “Assuredly, I say to you that (AP)this poor widow has put in more than all those who have given to the treasury; 44 for they all put in out of their abundance, but she out of her poverty put in all that she had, (AQ)her whole livelihood.”

Footnotes

  1. Mark 12:1 tenant farmers
  2. Mark 12:4 NU omits and at him they threw stones
  3. Mark 12:7 tenant farmers
  4. Mark 12:14 Court no man’s favor
  5. Mark 12:14 Lit. look at the face of men
  6. Mark 12:17 Pay
  7. Mark 12:24 Or deceived
  8. Mark 12:27 Or deceived
  9. Mark 12:28 NU seeing
  10. Mark 12:28 foremost
  11. Mark 12:29 foremost
  12. Mark 12:30 NU omits the rest of v. 30.
  13. Mark 12:33 NU omits with all the soul
  14. Mark 12:40 for appearance’ sake
  15. Mark 12:42 Gr. lepta, very small copper coins
  16. Mark 12:42 A Roman coin

Taking the Kingdom by Force

12 Yeshua began to speak to them in parables: “A man planted a vineyard. He put a hedge around it, dug a pit for the winepress, and built a tower. He leased it to some tenant farmers and went on a journey. And at the season, he sent a servant to collect from the tenants part of the vineyard’s fruit. But grabbing him, they beat him up and sent him away empty-handed. And again the man sent another servant to them, and they wounded his head and treated him shamefully. He sent another, and that one they killed; and so on with many others, beating some and killing some. He had yet one, a well-loved son. He sent him to them last of all, saying, ‘They will respect my son.’

“But those tenants said to one another, ‘This is the heir! Come on, let’s kill him and the inheritance will be ours!’ So grabbing the son, they killed him and threw him out of the vineyard.

“What then will the master of the vineyard do? He will come and destroy the tenants and give the vineyard to others. 10 Haven’t you read this Scripture?

‘The stone which the builders rejected,
this has become the chief cornerstone.
11 This came from Adonai,
    and it is marvelous in our eyes.’”[a]

12 They were trying to seize Yeshua, because they realized that He spoke the parable against them. But they feared the crowd, so they left Him and went away.

A Test of Loyalty

13 Then they send some of the Pharisees and Herodians to Yeshua in order to trap Him with a word. 14 They come and say to Him, “Teacher, we know that You are honest, and what others think doesn’t concern You. You don’t look at men’s appearance, but teach the way of God according to the truth. Is it permitted to pay taxes to Caesar, or not? 15 Should we pay, or shouldn’t we?”

But Yeshua saw through their hypocrisy and said to them, “Why are you testing Me? Bring Me a denarius so I may see it.”

16 They brought one. And He said to them, “Whose image is this? And whose inscription?”

“Caesar’s,” they said to Him.

17 Then Yeshua said to them, “Give to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.” And they were completely amazed at Him.

The Challenge of the Sadducees

18 Then Sadducees (who say there is no resurrection) came and began questioning Yeshua, saying, 19 “Teacher, Moses wrote for us that ‘if a man’s brother dies and leaves a wife but no children, then his brother should take the widow and father children for his brother.’ [b] 20 There were seven brothers; and the first took a wife and, when he died, left no offspring. 21 And the second took her and died, leaving no offspring, and the third likewise. 22 Now the seven left no offspring. Last of all, the woman died, too. 23 In the resurrection, when they rise up, whose wife will she be? For all seven had married her.”

24 Yeshua said to them, “Isn’t this the reason you’ve gone astray, because you don’t understand the Scriptures or the power of God? 25 For when they rise up from the dead, they neither marry nor are given in marriage, but are like angels in heaven. 26 But concerning the dead being raised, haven’t you read in the book of Moses about the burning bush? How God said to him, ‘I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’? [c] 27 He’s not the God of the dead, but of the living. You have gone far astray!”

Love Ends the Argument

28 One of the Torah scholars came and heard them debating. Seeing that Yeshua had answered them well, he asked Him, “Which commandment is first of all?”

29 Yeshua answered, “The first is, ‘Shema Yisrael, Adonai Eloheinu, Adonai echad. Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is One. 30 And you shall love Adonai your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind, and with all your strength.’ [d] 31 The second is this, ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’[e] There is no other commandment greater than these.”

32 “Well said, Teacher,” the Torah scholar said to Him. “You have spoken the truth, that He is echad, and besides Him there is no other! [f] 33 And ‘to love Him with all the heart, with all the understanding, and with all the strength,’[g] and ‘to love the neighbor as oneself,’[h] is much more than all burnt offerings and sacrifices.”

34 When Yeshua saw that he had answered wisely, He said to him, “You are not far from the kingdom of God.” And no one dared any longer to question Him.

Who Is King David’s Lord?

35 While Yeshua was teaching in the Temple, He said, “How is it that the Torah scholars say that the Messiah is Ben-David? 36 David himself, through the Ruach ha-Kodesh, said,

Adonai said to my Lord,
“Sit at My right hand,
until I put Your enemies under Your feet.”’[i]

37 If David himself calls Him ‘Lord,’ in what way is He his son?” And the large crowd was listening to Him with delight.

38 In His teaching He said, “Watch out for the Torah scholars, who like to walk around in long robes. They like greetings in the marketplaces, 39 the best seats in the synagogues, and places of honor at feasts. 40 They devour widows’ houses and make long prayers as a show. These men will receive greater condemnation!”

41 He sat down opposite the treasury and began watching how the people were putting money into the offering box. Many rich people were putting in a lot. 42 Then a poor widow came and put in two small copper coins, worth less than a penny. 43 Calling His disciples over, He said to them, “Amen, I tell you, this poor widow has put in more than all those contributing to the box! 44 For they all put in from their surplus; but she, out of her poverty, put in everything she had, her whole living.”

Footnotes

  1. Mark 12:11 Ps. 118:22-23(117:22-23 LXX).
  2. Mark 12:20 Lit. raise up seed for his brother; cf. Dt. 25:5-6; Gen. 38:8.
  3. Mark 12:27 Exod. 3:6.
  4. Mark 12:31 Dt. 6:4-5(6:4-5 LXX), v’ahavta.
  5. Mark 12:31 Lev. 19:18b, v’ahavta l’reiacha kamocha.
  6. Mark 12:33 cf. Dt. 4:35 (LXX).
  7. Mark 12:33 Dt. 6:4-5.
  8. Mark 12:33 Lev. 19:18b.
  9. Mark 12:36 cf. Ps. 110:1; Ps. 109:1 (LXX).