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The Parable of the Wicked Tenants

12 Then he began to speak to them in parables. “A man planted a vineyard, put a fence around it, dug a pit for the wine press, and built a watchtower; then he leased it to tenants and went to another country. When the season came, he sent a slave to the tenants to collect from them his share of the produce of the vineyard. But they seized him, and beat him, and sent him away empty-handed. And again he sent another slave to them; this one they beat over the head and insulted. Then he sent another, and that one they killed. And so it was with many others; some they beat, and others they killed. He had still one other, a beloved son. Finally he sent him to them, saying, ‘They will respect my son.’ But those tenants said to one another, ‘This is the heir; come, let us kill him, and the inheritance will be ours.’ So they seized him, killed him, and threw him out of the vineyard. What then will the owner of the vineyard do? He will come and destroy the tenants and give the vineyard to others. 10 Have you not read this scripture:

‘The stone that the builders rejected
    has become the cornerstone;[a]
11 this was the Lord’s doing,
    and it is amazing in our eyes’?”

12 When they realized that he had told this parable against them, they wanted to arrest him, but they feared the crowd. So they left him and went away.

The Question about Paying Taxes

13 Then they sent to him some Pharisees and some Herodians to trap him in what he said. 14 And they came and said to him, “Teacher, we know that you are sincere, and show deference to no one; for you do not regard people with partiality, but teach the way of God in accordance with truth. Is it lawful to pay taxes to the emperor, or not? 15 Should we pay them, or should we not?” But knowing their hypocrisy, he said to them, “Why are you putting me to the test? Bring me a denarius and let me see it.” 16 And they brought one. Then he said to them, “Whose head is this, and whose title?” They answered, “The emperor’s.” 17 Jesus said to them, “Give to the emperor the things that are the emperor’s, and to God the things that are God’s.” And they were utterly amazed at him.

The Question about the Resurrection

18 Some Sadducees, who say there is no resurrection, came to him and asked him a question, saying, 19 “Teacher, Moses wrote for us that if a man’s brother dies, leaving a wife but no child, the man[b] shall marry the widow and raise up children for his brother. 20 There were seven brothers; the first married and, when he died, left no children; 21 and the second married the widow[c] and died, leaving no children; and the third likewise; 22 none of the seven left children. Last of all the woman herself died. 23 In the resurrection[d] whose wife will she be? For the seven had married her.”

24 Jesus said to them, “Is not this the reason you are wrong, that you know neither the scriptures nor the power of God? 25 For when they rise from the dead, they neither marry nor are given in marriage, but are like angels in heaven. 26 And as for the dead being raised, have you not read in the book of Moses, in the story about the bush, how God said to him, ‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’? 27 He is God not of the dead, but of the living; you are quite wrong.”

The First Commandment

28 One of the scribes came near and heard them disputing with one another, and seeing that he answered them well, he asked him, “Which commandment is the first of all?” 29 Jesus answered, “The first is, ‘Hear, O Israel: the Lord our God, the Lord is one; 30 you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind, and with all your strength.’ 31 The second is this, ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ There is no other commandment greater than these.” 32 Then the scribe said to him, “You are right, Teacher; you have truly said that ‘he is one, and besides him there is no other’; 33 and ‘to love him with all the heart, and with all the understanding, and with all the strength,’ and ‘to love one’s neighbor as oneself,’—this is much more important than all whole burnt offerings and sacrifices.” 34 When Jesus saw that he answered wisely, he said to him, “You are not far from the kingdom of God.” After that no one dared to ask him any question.

The Question about David’s Son

35 While Jesus was teaching in the temple, he said, “How can the scribes say that the Messiah[e] is the son of David? 36 David himself, by the Holy Spirit, declared,

‘The Lord said to my Lord,
“Sit at my right hand,
    until I put your enemies under your feet.”’

37 David himself calls him Lord; so how can he be his son?” And the large crowd was listening to him with delight.

Jesus Denounces the Scribes

38 As he taught, he said, “Beware of the scribes, who like to walk around in long robes, and to be greeted with respect in the marketplaces, 39 and to have the best seats in the synagogues and places of honor at banquets! 40 They devour widows’ houses and for the sake of appearance say long prayers. They will receive the greater condemnation.”

The Widow’s Offering

41 He sat down opposite the treasury, and watched the crowd putting money into the treasury. Many rich people put in large sums. 42 A poor widow came and put in two small copper coins, which are worth a penny. 43 Then he called his disciples and said to them, “Truly I tell you, this poor widow has put in more than all those who are contributing to the treasury. 44 For all of them have contributed out of their abundance; but she out of her poverty has put in everything she had, all she had to live on.”

Footnotes

  1. Mark 12:10 Or keystone
  2. Mark 12:19 Gk his brother
  3. Mark 12:21 Gk her
  4. Mark 12:23 Other ancient authorities add when they rise
  5. Mark 12:35 Or the Christ

La culpabilité des chefs religieux juifs(A)

12 Puis il se mit à leur parler en utilisant des paraboles : Un homme planta une vigne, l’entoura d’une haie, creusa un pressoir, et bâtit une tour de guet[a]. Après cela, il la loua à des vignerons et partit en voyage. Au moment des vendanges il envoya un de ses serviteurs aux vignerons pour recevoir la part du produit de sa vigne qui lui revenait. Mais ceux-ci se précipitèrent sur ce serviteur, le rouèrent de coups et le renvoyèrent les mains vides. Alors le propriétaire leur envoya un deuxième serviteur : celui-là, ils le frappèrent à la tête et le couvrirent d’insultes. Le maître leur en envoya un troisième, et celui-là, ils le tuèrent ; puis beaucoup d’autres, et ils battirent les uns et tuèrent les autres.

Il ne lui restait plus, désormais, qu’une seule personne à envoyer : son fils bien-aimé. Il le leur envoya en dernier. Il se disait : « Pour mon fils au moins, ils auront du respect. » Mais les vignerons se dirent entre eux : « Voilà l’héritier ! Venez ! Tuons-le ! Et l’héritage sera à nous ! » Et ils se jetèrent sur lui, le tuèrent et traînèrent son cadavre hors du vignoble.

Que va faire le propriétaire de la vigne ? Il viendra lui-même, fera exécuter les vignerons et confiera le soin de sa vigne à d’autres. 10 N’avez-vous pas lu ces paroles de l’Ecriture :

11 La pierre que les constructeursont rejetée
est devenue la pierre principale,la pierre d’angle.
C’est du Seigneurque cela est venu
et c’est un prodige à nos yeux[b].

12 Les chefs des prêtres, les spécialistes de la Loi et les responsables du peuple cherchaient un moyen d’arrêter Jésus. Mais ils avaient peur des réactions de la foule. En effet, ils avaient bien compris que c’était eux que Jésus visait par cette parabole. Ils le laissèrent donc, et se retirèrent.

Controverse sur l’impôt dû à César(B)

13 Cependant, ils lui envoyèrent une délégation de pharisiens et de membres du parti d’Hérode pour le prendre au piège de ses propres paroles. 14 Ils vinrent lui dire : Maître, nous savons que tu dis la vérité et que tu ne te laisses influencer par personne, car tu ne regardes pas à la position sociale, mais tu enseignes en toute vérité la voie à suivre selon Dieu. Dis-nous : A-t-on, oui ou non, le droit de payer des impôts à César ?

15 Mais Jésus, sachant combien ils étaient hypocrites, leur répondit : Pourquoi me tendez-vous un piège ? Apportez-moi une pièce d’argent, que je la voie !

16 Ils lui en apportèrent une.

Alors il leur demanda : Cette effigie et cette inscription, de qui sont-elles ?

– De César.

17 Alors Jésus leur dit : Rendez à César ce qui revient à César, et à Dieu ce qui revient à Dieu.

Ils en restèrent tout déconcertés.

Controverse sur la résurrection(C)

18 Des sadducéens vinrent aussi le trouver. Ils prétendent que les morts ne ressuscitent pas. Ils lui demandèrent : 19 Maître, dans ses écrits, Moïse nous a laissé ce commandement : Si un homme meurt en laissant une femme mais sans avoir eu d’enfant, son frère devra épouser sa veuve et donner une descendance au défunt[c]. 20 Or, il y avait sept frères. L’aîné s’est marié et il est mort sans laisser de descendant. 21 Le deuxième a épousé la veuve, puis il est décédé, lui aussi, sans avoir eu de descendant. Le troisième a fait de même. 22 Et ainsi de suite. Bref, les sept sont morts sans laisser de descendance. La femme est restée la dernière, puis elle est morte. 23 A la résurrection, quand ils ressusciteront tous, duquel d’entre eux sera-t-elle la femme ? Car tous les sept l’ont eue pour épouse.

24 Jésus leur dit : Vous êtes dans l’erreur, et en voici la raison : vous ne connaissez pas les Ecritures, ni quelle est la puissance de Dieu. 25 En effet, une fois ressuscités, les hommes et les femmes ne se marieront plus ; ils vivront comme les anges qui sont dans le ciel. 26 Quant à la résurrection des morts, n’avez-vous jamais lu dans le livre de Moïse, lorsqu’il est question du buisson ardent, en quels termes Dieu lui a parlé ? Il lui a dit : Je suis le Dieu d’Abraham, le Dieu d’Isaac, le Dieu de Jacob[d]. 27 Dieu n’est pas le Dieu des morts, mais le Dieu des vivants. Oui, vous êtes complètement dans l’erreur.

Le plus grand commandement(D)

28 Un des spécialistes de la Loi s’approcha de lui ; il avait entendu cette discussion et avait remarqué avec quel à-propos Jésus avait répondu. Il lui demanda : Quel est le commandement le plus important de tous ?

29 Jésus répondit : Voici le commandement le plus important : Ecoute, Israël, le Seigneur est notre Dieu, il est le seul Dieu ; 30 tu aimeras donc le Seigneur, ton Dieu, de tout ton cœur, de toute ton âme, de toute ta pensée et de toute ton énergie[e]. 31 Et voici celui qui vient en second rang : Tu aimeras ton prochain comme toi-même[f]. Il n’y a pas de commandement plus important que ceux-là.

32 – C’est bien, Maître, lui dit le spécialiste de la Loi, tu as dit vrai : il n’y a qu’un seul Dieu[g], il n’y en a pas d’autre que lui[h] : 33 l’aimer de tout son cœur, de toute son intelligence et de toute son énergie[i], ainsi qu’aimer son prochain comme soi-même[j], c’est bien plus important que tous les holocaustes[k] et tous les sacrifices.

34 Jésus, voyant qu’il avait répondu avec intelligence, lui dit : Tu n’es pas loin du royaume de Dieu.

Après cela, personne n’osa plus lui poser de question.

Controverse sur l’identité du Messie(E)

35 Pendant qu’il enseignait dans la cour du Temple, Jésus demanda : Comment les spécialistes de la Loi peuvent-ils dire que le Messie doit être un descendant de David ? 36 David lui-même, inspiré par le Saint-Esprit, a déclaré :

Le Seigneur a dit à mon Seigneur :
Viens siéger à ma droite[l]
jusqu’à ce que j’aie mistes ennemisà terre sous tes pieds[m].

37 Si donc David lui-même appelle le Messie « Seigneur », comment celui-ci peut-il être son descendant ?

Il y avait là une foule nombreuse qui écoutait Jésus avec un vif plaisir.

La condamnation des spécialistes de la Loi(F)

38 Il disait dans son enseignement : Gardez-vous des spécialistes de la Loi : ils aiment à parader en costume de cérémonie, à être salués sur les places publiques, 39 à avoir les sièges d’honneur dans les synagogues et les meilleures places dans les banquets. 40 Mais ils dépouillent les veuves de leurs biens, tout en faisant de longues prières pour l’apparence. Leur condamnation n’en sera que plus sévère.

La vraie générosité(G)

41 Puis Jésus s’assit en face du tronc ; il observait ceux qui y déposaient de l’argent. Beaucoup de riches y avaient déjà déposé de fortes sommes quand arriva une pauvre veuve 42 qui déposa deux petites pièces, une somme minime.

43 Alors Jésus appela ses disciples et leur dit : Vraiment, je vous l’assure, cette pauvre veuve a donné bien plus que tous ceux qui ont mis de l’argent dans le tronc. 44 Car tous les autres ont seulement donné de leur superflu, mais elle, dans sa pauvreté, elle a donné tout ce qu’elle possédait, tout ce qu’elle avait pour vivre.

Footnotes

  1. 12.1 Es 5.1-2.
  2. 12.11 Ps 118.22-23.
  3. 12.19 Dt 25.5.
  4. 12.26 Ex 3.6, 15.
  5. 12.30 Dt 6.4-5.
  6. 12.31 Lv 19.18.
  7. 12.32 Dt 6.4.
  8. 12.32 Dt 4.35 ; Es 45.21.
  9. 12.33 Dt 6.5.
  10. 12.33 Lv 19.18.
  11. 12.33 Les holocaustes étaient les sacrifices les plus importants, dans lesquels les victimes étaient entièrement brûlées, c’est-à-dire entièrement consacrées à Dieu.
  12. 12.36 La droite du roi est la place d’honneur (Ps 45.10 ; 1 R 2.19).
  13. 12.36 Ps 110.1.

The Parable of the Tenants(A)

12 Jesus then began to speak to them in parables: “A man planted a vineyard.(B) He put a wall around it, dug a pit for the winepress and built a watchtower. Then he rented the vineyard to some farmers and moved to another place. At harvest time he sent a servant to the tenants to collect from them some of the fruit of the vineyard. But they seized him, beat him and sent him away empty-handed. Then he sent another servant to them; they struck this man on the head and treated him shamefully. He sent still another, and that one they killed. He sent many others; some of them they beat, others they killed.

“He had one left to send, a son, whom he loved. He sent him last of all,(C) saying, ‘They will respect my son.’

“But the tenants said to one another, ‘This is the heir. Come, let’s kill him, and the inheritance will be ours.’ So they took him and killed him, and threw him out of the vineyard.

“What then will the owner of the vineyard do? He will come and kill those tenants and give the vineyard to others. 10 Haven’t you read this passage of Scripture:

“‘The stone the builders rejected
    has become the cornerstone;(D)
11 the Lord has done this,
    and it is marvelous in our eyes’[a]?”(E)

12 Then the chief priests, the teachers of the law and the elders looked for a way to arrest him because they knew he had spoken the parable against them. But they were afraid of the crowd;(F) so they left him and went away.(G)

Paying the Imperial Tax to Caesar(H)

13 Later they sent some of the Pharisees and Herodians(I) to Jesus to catch him(J) in his words. 14 They came to him and said, “Teacher, we know that you are a man of integrity. You aren’t swayed by others, because you pay no attention to who they are; but you teach the way of God in accordance with the truth. Is it right to pay the imperial tax[b] to Caesar or not? 15 Should we pay or shouldn’t we?”

But Jesus knew their hypocrisy. “Why are you trying to trap me?” he asked. “Bring me a denarius and let me look at it.” 16 They brought the coin, and he asked them, “Whose image is this? And whose inscription?”

“Caesar’s,” they replied.

17 Then Jesus said to them, “Give back to Caesar what is Caesar’s and to God what is God’s.”(K)

And they were amazed at him.

Marriage at the Resurrection(L)

18 Then the Sadducees,(M) who say there is no resurrection,(N) came to him with a question. 19 “Teacher,” they said, “Moses wrote for us that if a man’s brother dies and leaves a wife but no children, the man must marry the widow and raise up offspring for his brother.(O) 20 Now there were seven brothers. The first one married and died without leaving any children. 21 The second one married the widow, but he also died, leaving no child. It was the same with the third. 22 In fact, none of the seven left any children. Last of all, the woman died too. 23 At the resurrection[c] whose wife will she be, since the seven were married to her?”

24 Jesus replied, “Are you not in error because you do not know the Scriptures(P) or the power of God? 25 When the dead rise, they will neither marry nor be given in marriage; they will be like the angels in heaven.(Q) 26 Now about the dead rising—have you not read in the Book of Moses, in the account of the burning bush, how God said to him, ‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’[d]?(R) 27 He is not the God of the dead, but of the living. You are badly mistaken!”

The Greatest Commandment(S)

28 One of the teachers of the law(T) came and heard them debating. Noticing that Jesus had given them a good answer, he asked him, “Of all the commandments, which is the most important?”

29 “The most important one,” answered Jesus, “is this: ‘Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one.[e] 30 Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind and with all your strength.’[f](U) 31 The second is this: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’[g](V) There is no commandment greater than these.”

32 “Well said, teacher,” the man replied. “You are right in saying that God is one and there is no other but him.(W) 33 To love him with all your heart, with all your understanding and with all your strength, and to love your neighbor as yourself is more important than all burnt offerings and sacrifices.”(X)

34 When Jesus saw that he had answered wisely, he said to him, “You are not far from the kingdom of God.”(Y) And from then on no one dared ask him any more questions.(Z)

Whose Son Is the Messiah?(AA)(AB)

35 While Jesus was teaching in the temple courts,(AC) he asked, “Why do the teachers of the law say that the Messiah is the son of David?(AD) 36 David himself, speaking by the Holy Spirit,(AE) declared:

“‘The Lord said to my Lord:
    “Sit at my right hand
until I put your enemies
    under your feet.”’[h](AF)

37 David himself calls him ‘Lord.’ How then can he be his son?”

The large crowd(AG) listened to him with delight.

Warning Against the Teachers of the Law

38 As he taught, Jesus said, “Watch out for the teachers of the law. They like to walk around in flowing robes and be greeted with respect in the marketplaces, 39 and have the most important seats in the synagogues and the places of honor at banquets.(AH) 40 They devour widows’ houses and for a show make lengthy prayers. These men will be punished most severely.”

The Widow’s Offering(AI)

41 Jesus sat down opposite the place where the offerings were put(AJ) and watched the crowd putting their money into the temple treasury. Many rich people threw in large amounts. 42 But a poor widow came and put in two very small copper coins, worth only a few cents.

43 Calling his disciples to him, Jesus said, “Truly I tell you, this poor widow has put more into the treasury than all the others. 44 They all gave out of their wealth; but she, out of her poverty, put in everything—all she had to live on.”(AK)

Footnotes

  1. Mark 12:11 Psalm 118:22,23
  2. Mark 12:14 A special tax levied on subject peoples, not on Roman citizens
  3. Mark 12:23 Some manuscripts resurrection, when people rise from the dead,
  4. Mark 12:26 Exodus 3:6
  5. Mark 12:29 Or The Lord our God is one Lord
  6. Mark 12:30 Deut. 6:4,5
  7. Mark 12:31 Lev. 19:18
  8. Mark 12:36 Psalm 110:1

12 And he began to speak unto them by parables. A certain man planted a vineyard, and set an hedge about it, and digged a place for the winefat, and built a tower, and let it out to husbandmen, and went into a far country.

And at the season he sent to the husbandmen a servant, that he might receive from the husbandmen of the fruit of the vineyard.

And they caught him, and beat him, and sent him away empty.

And again he sent unto them another servant; and at him they cast stones, and wounded him in the head, and sent him away shamefully handled.

And again he sent another; and him they killed, and many others; beating some, and killing some.

Having yet therefore one son, his wellbeloved, he sent him also last unto them, saying, They will reverence my son.

But those husbandmen said among themselves, This is the heir; come, let us kill him, and the inheritance shall be ours.'

And they took him, and killed him, and cast him out of the vineyard.

What shall therefore the lord of the vineyard do? he will come and destroy the husbandmen, and will give the vineyard unto others.

10 And have ye not read this scripture; The stone which the builders rejected is become the head of the corner:

11 This was the Lord's doing, and it is marvellous in our eyes?

12 And they sought to lay hold on him, but feared the people: for they knew that he had spoken the parable against them: and they left him, and went their way.

13 And they send unto him certain of the Pharisees and of the Herodians, to catch him in his words.

14 And when they were come, they say unto him, Master, we know that thou art true, and carest for no man: for thou regardest not the person of men, but teachest the way of God in truth: Is it lawful to give tribute to Caesar, or not?

15 Shall we give, or shall we not give? But he, knowing their hypocrisy, said unto them, Why tempt ye me? bring me a penny, that I may see it.

16 And they brought it. And he saith unto them, Whose is this image and superscription? And they said unto him, Caesar's.

17 And Jesus answering said unto them, Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's. And they marvelled at him.

18 Then come unto him the Sadducees, which say there is no resurrection; and they asked him, saying,

19 Master, Moses wrote unto us, If a man's brother die, and leave his wife behind him, and leave no children, that his brother should take his wife, and raise up seed unto his brother.

20 Now there were seven brethren: and the first took a wife, and dying left no seed.

21 And the second took her, and died, neither left he any seed: and the third likewise.

22 And the seven had her, and left no seed: last of all the woman died also.

23 In the resurrection therefore, when they shall rise, whose wife shall she be of them? for the seven had her to wife.

24 And Jesus answering said unto them, Do ye not therefore err, because ye know not the scriptures, neither the power of God?

25 For when they shall rise from the dead, they neither marry, nor are given in marriage; but are as the angels which are in heaven.

26 And as touching the dead, that they rise: have ye not read in the book of Moses, how in the bush God spake unto him, saying, I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob?

27 He is not the God of the dead, but the God of the living: ye therefore do greatly err.

28 And one of the scribes came, and having heard them reasoning together, and perceiving that he had answered them well, asked him, Which is the first commandment of all?

29 And Jesus answered him, The first of all the commandments is, Hear, O Israel; The Lord our God is one Lord:

30 And thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and with all thy strength: this is the first commandment.

31 And the second is like, namely this, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. There is none other commandment greater than these.

32 And the scribe said unto him, Well, Master, thou hast said the truth: for there is one God; and there is none other but he:

33 And to love him with all the heart, and with all the understanding, and with all the soul, and with all the strength, and to love his neighbour as himself, is more than all whole burnt offerings and sacrifices.

34 And when Jesus saw that he answered discreetly, he said unto him, Thou art not far from the kingdom of God. And no man after that durst ask him any question.

35 And Jesus answered and said, while he taught in the temple, How say the scribes that Christ is the son of David?

36 For David himself said by the Holy Ghost, The Lord said to my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand, till I make thine enemies thy footstool.

37 David therefore himself calleth him Lord; and whence is he then his son? And the common people heard him gladly.

38 And he said unto them in his doctrine, Beware of the scribes, which love to go in long clothing, and love salutations in the marketplaces,

39 And the chief seats in the synagogues, and the uppermost rooms at feasts:

40 Which devour widows' houses, and for a pretence make long prayers: these shall receive greater damnation.

41 And Jesus sat over against the treasury, and beheld how the people cast money into the treasury: and many that were rich cast in much.

42 And there came a certain poor widow, and she threw in two mites, which make a farthing.

43 And he called unto him his disciples, and saith unto them, Verily I say unto you, That this poor widow hath cast more in, than all they which have cast into the treasury:

44 For all they did cast in of their abundance; but she of her want did cast in all that she had, even all her living.