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辩驳耶稣的权柄

20 有一天,耶稣在殿里教训百姓、讲福音的时候,祭司长和文士并长老上前来, 问他说:“你告诉我们,你仗着什么权柄做这些事?给你这权柄的是谁呢?” 耶稣回答说:“我也要问你们一句话,你们且告诉我, 约翰的洗礼是从天上来的,是从人间来的呢?” 他们彼此商议说:“我们若说从天上来,他必说:‘你们为什么不信他呢?’ 若说从人间来,百姓都要用石头打死我们,因为他们信约翰是先知。” 于是回答说:“不知道是从哪里来的。” 耶稣说:“我也不告诉你们我仗着什么权柄做这些事。”

凶恶园户的比喻

耶稣就设比喻对百姓说:“有人栽了一个葡萄园,租给园户,就往外国去住了许久。 10 到了时候,打发一个仆人到园户那里去,叫他们把园中当纳的果子交给他。园户竟打了他,叫他空手回去。 11 又打发一个仆人去,他们也打了他,并且凌辱他,叫他空手回去。 12 又打发第三个仆人去,他们也打伤了他,把他推出去了。 13 园主说:‘我怎么办呢?我要打发我的爱子去,或者他们尊敬他。’ 14 不料园户看见他,就彼此商量说:‘这是承受产业的。我们杀他吧,使产业归于我们!’ 15 于是把他推出葡萄园外杀了。这样,葡萄园的主人要怎样处治他们呢? 16 他要来除灭这些园户,将葡萄园转给别人。”听见的人说:“这是万不可的!” 17 耶稣看着他们说:“经上记着:‘匠人所弃的石头,已做了房角的头块石头。’这是什么意思呢? 18 凡掉在那石头上的,必要跌碎;那石头掉在谁的身上,就要把谁砸得稀烂。”

巧言盘问

19 文士和祭司长看出这比喻是指着他们说的,当时就想要下手拿他,只是惧怕百姓。 20 于是窥探耶稣,打发奸细装作好人,要在他的话上得把柄,好将他交在巡抚的政权之下。 21 奸细就问耶稣说:“夫子,我们晓得你所讲所传都是正道,也不取人的外貌,乃是诚诚实实传神的道。 22 我们纳税给恺撒可以不可以?”

纳税给恺撒

23 耶稣看出他们的诡诈,就对他们说: 24 “拿一个银钱来给我看。这像和这号是谁的?”他们说:“是恺撒的。” 25 耶稣说:“这样,恺撒的物当归给恺撒,神的物当归给神。” 26 他们当着百姓,在这话上得不着把柄,又稀奇他的应对,就闭口无言了。

撒都该人辩驳复活之事

27 撒都该人常说没有复活的事。有几个来问耶稣,说: 28 “夫子,摩西为我们写着说:‘人若有妻无子就死了,他兄弟当娶他的妻,为哥哥生子立后。’ 29 有弟兄七人,第一个娶了妻,没有孩子死了。 30 第二个、第三个也娶过她。 31 那七个人都娶过她,没有留下孩子就死了。 32 后来,妇人也死了。 33 这样,当复活的时候,她是哪一个的妻子呢?因为他们七个人都娶过她。” 34 耶稣说:“这世界的人有娶有嫁, 35 唯有算为配得那世界与从死里复活的人,也不娶也不嫁。 36 因为他们不能再死,和天使一样;既是复活的人,就为神的儿子。 37 至于死人复活,摩西在‘荆棘篇’上称主是亚伯拉罕的神、以撒的神、雅各的神,就指示明白了。 38 神原不是死人的神,乃是活人的神,因为在他那里[a]人都是活的。” 39 有几个文士说:“夫子,你说得好!” 40 以后他们不敢再问他什么。

41 耶稣对他们说:“人怎么说基督是大卫的子孙呢? 42 诗篇上大卫自己说:‘主对我主说:“你坐在我的右边, 43 等我使你仇敌做你的脚凳。”’ 44 大卫既称他为主,他怎么又是大卫的子孙呢?”

45 众百姓听的时候,耶稣对门徒说: 46 “你们要防备文士。他们好穿长衣游行,喜爱人在街市上问他们安,又喜爱会堂里的高位、筵席上的首座。 47 他们侵吞寡妇的家产,假意作很长的祷告。这些人要受更重的刑罚!”

Footnotes

  1. 路加福音 20:38 “那里”或作“看来”。

La autoridad de Jesús(A)

20 Un día, mientras Jesús estaba en el templo enseñando a la gente y anunciando la buena noticia, llegaron los jefes de los sacerdotes y los maestros de la ley, junto con los ancianos, y le dijeron:

—¿Con qué autoridad haces esto? ¿Quién te dio esta autoridad?

Jesús les contestó:

—Yo también les voy a hacer una pregunta. Respóndanme: ¿Quién envió a Juan a bautizar, Dios o los hombres?

Comenzaron a discutir unos con otros: «Si respondemos que Dios lo envió, va a decir: “¿Por qué no le creyeron?” Y no podemos decir que fueron los hombres, porque la gente nos matará a pedradas, ya que todos están seguros de que Juan era un profeta.» Así que respondieron que no sabían quién había enviado a Juan a bautizar. Entonces Jesús les contestó:

—Pues yo tampoco les digo con qué autoridad hago esto.

La parábola de los labradores malvados(B)

Luego empezó Jesús a hablar a la gente, y contó esta parábola:

—Un hombre plantó un viñedo, lo alquiló a unos labradores y emprendió un largo viaje. 10 A su debido tiempo, mandó un criado a pedir a los labradores la parte de la cosecha que le correspondía; pero ellos lo golpearon y lo enviaron con las manos vacías. 11 Entonces el dueño mandó otro criado; pero también a éste lo insultaron, lo golpearon y lo enviaron con las manos vacías. 12 Volvió a mandar otro, pero los labradores también lo hirieron y lo echaron fuera.

13 »Por fin el dueño del terreno dijo: “¿Qué haré? Mandaré a mi hijo querido; tal vez lo respetarán.” 14 Pero cuando los labradores lo vieron, se dijeron unos a otros: “Éste es el que ha de recibir la herencia; matémoslo, para que la propiedad pase a poder nuestro.” 15 Así que lo sacaron del viñedo y lo mataron.

»¿Y qué creen ustedes que hará con ellos el dueño del viñedo? 16 Pues irá y matará a esos labradores, y dará el viñedo a otros.

Al oír esto, dijeron:

—¡Eso jamás!

17 Pero Jesús los miró, y dijo:

—Entonces ¿qué significa esto que dicen las Escrituras?:

“La piedra que los constructores despreciaron
se ha convertido en la piedra principal.”

18 Cualquiera que caiga sobre esa piedra, quedará hecho pedazos; y si la piedra cae sobre alguien, lo hará polvo.

19 Los jefes de los sacerdotes y los maestros de la ley quisieron arrestar a Jesús en aquel mismo momento, porque comprendieron que al decir esta parábola se refería a ellos. Pero tenían miedo de la gente.

La pregunta sobre los impuestos(C)

20 Mandaron a unos espías que, aparentando ser hombres honrados, hicieran decir a Jesús algo que les diera pretexto para ponerlo bajo el poder y la jurisdicción del gobernador romano. 21 Éstos le preguntaron:

—Maestro, sabemos que lo que tú dices y enseñas es correcto, y que no buscas dar gusto a los hombres. Tú enseñas de veras el camino de Dios. 22 ¿Está bien que paguemos impuestos al emperador romano, o no?

23 Jesús, dándose cuenta de la mala intención que llevaban, les dijo:

24 —Enséñenme una moneda de denario. ¿De quién es la cara y el nombre que aquí está escrito?

Le contestaron:

—Del emperador.

25 Jesús les dijo:

—Pues den al emperador lo que es del emperador, y a Dios lo que es de Dios.

26 Y en nada de lo que él decía delante de la gente encontraron pretexto para arrestarlo, así que admirados de su respuesta se callaron.

La pregunta sobre la resurrección(D)

27 Después algunos saduceos fueron a ver a Jesús. Los saduceos niegan que los muertos resuciten; por eso le presentaron este caso:

28 —Maestro, Moisés nos dejó escrito que si un hombre casado muere sin haber tenido hijos con su mujer, el hermano del difunto deberá tomar por esposa a la viuda para darle hijos al hermano que murió. 29 Pues bien, había una vez siete hermanos, el primero de los cuales se casó, pero murió sin dejar hijos. 30 El segundo 31 y el tercero se casaron con ella, y lo mismo hicieron los demás, pero los siete murieron sin dejar hijos. 32 Finalmente murió también la mujer. 33 Pues bien, en la resurrección, ¿de cuál de ellos será esposa esta mujer, si los siete estuvieron casados con ella?

34 Jesús les contestó:

—En la vida presente, los hombres y las mujeres se casan; 35 pero aquellos que Dios juzgue que merecen gozar de la vida venidera y resucitar, sean hombres o mujeres, ya no se casarán, 36 porque ya no pueden morir. Pues serán como los ángeles, y serán hijos de Dios por haber resucitado. 37 Hasta el mismo Moisés, en el pasaje de la zarza que ardía, nos hace saber que los muertos resucitan. Allí dice que el Señor es el Dios de Abraham, de Isaac y de Jacob. 38 ¡Y él no es Dios de muertos, sino de vivos, pues para él todos están vivos!

39 Algunos maestros de la ley le dijeron entonces:

—Bien dicho, Maestro.

40 Y ya no se atrevieron a hacerle más preguntas.

¿De quién desciende el Mesías?(E)

41 Jesús les preguntó:

—¿Por qué dicen que el Mesías desciende de David? 42 Pues David mismo, en el libro de los Salmos, dice:

“El Señor dijo a mi Señor:
Siéntate a mi derecha,
43 hasta que yo haga de tus enemigos
el estrado de tus pies.”

44 ¿Cómo puede entonces el Mesías descender de David, si David mismo lo llama Señor?

Jesús denuncia a los maestros de la ley(F)

45 Toda la gente estaba escuchando, y Jesús dijo a sus discípulos: 46 «Cuídense de los maestros de la ley, pues les gusta andar con ropas largas, y quieren que los saluden con todo respeto en las plazas. Buscan los asientos de honor en las sinagogas y los mejores lugares en las comidas; 47 y les quitan sus casas a las viudas, y para disimularlo hacen largas oraciones. Ellos recibirán mayor castigo.»

Jewish Leaders Question Jesus(A)

20 One day Jesus was in the Temple, teaching the people and ·telling them the Good News [preaching the Gospel]. The ·leading [T chief] priests, ·teachers of the law [scribes], and elders came up to talk with him, saying, “Tell us what authority you have to do these things? [L Or] Who gave you this authority?”

Jesus answered, “I will also ask you a question. Tell me: When John baptized people, was that authority from ·God [L heaven; C a reverent Jewish way of referring to God] or just from ·other people [human beings]?”

They ·argued about this [L discussed this among themselves], saying, “If we answer, ‘John’s baptism was from ·God [L heaven],’ Jesus will say, ‘Then why did you not believe him?’ But if we say, ‘It was from ·other people [human beings],’ all the people will stone us to death, because they ·believe [are convinced that] John was a prophet.” So they answered that they didn’t know where it came from.

Jesus said to them, “Then I won’t tell you what authority I have to do these things.”

The Story of the Evil Farmers(B)

Then Jesus ·told [L began/proceeded to tell] the people this ·story [parable]: “A man planted a vineyard and leased it to some [C tenant] farmers [C Jesus builds on Is. 5:1–7; the owner represents God; the farmers are Israel’s religious leaders]. Then he ·went away [took a journey] for a long time. 10 ·When it was time for the grapes to be picked [L At the (harvest) time], he sent a ·servant [slave] to the farmers to get some of the grapes [C the portion of the harvest to pay the rent]. But they beat him and sent him away empty-handed. 11 Then he sent another ·servant [slave]. They beat him also, and ·showed no respect for [humiliated; dishonored] him, and sent him away empty-handed. 12 So the man sent a third. The farmers wounded him and threw him out [C the servants represent the prophets God sent to Israel]. 13 The owner of the vineyard said, ‘What will I do now? I will send my son whom I love [C representing Jesus; see 3:22]. ·Maybe [or Probably; or Surely] they will respect him.’ 14 But when the farmers saw the son, they said to each other, ‘This ·son will inherit the vineyard [L is the heir]. Let’s kill him so the inheritance will be ours.’ 15 So the farmers threw the son out of the vineyard and killed him.

“What will the ·owner [lord] of the vineyard do to them? 16 He will come and ·kill [destroy] those farmers and will give the vineyard to ·other farmers [L others; C referring to the sinners who were responding to Jesus’ call for repentance, and eventually to the Gentiles who would be saved].”

When the people heard this ·story [parable], they said, “·Let this never happen [T God forbid; L May it not happen]!”

17 But Jesus looked [directly; intently] at them and said, “Then what does this Scripture passage mean:

‘The stone that the builders rejected
    became the ·cornerstone [or capstone; or keystone; L head of the corner]’? [C This is the most important stone in the building; Jesus is the rejected stone; Ps. 118:22.]

18 Everyone who falls on that stone will be broken [Is. 8:14], and the person on whom it falls, that person will be crushed [cf. Dan. 2:34]!”

19 The ·teachers of the law [scribes] and the ·leading [T chief] priests ·wanted [tried/sought] to ·arrest [seize; L lay hands on] Jesus at once, because they knew the ·story [parable] was ·about [told against] them. But they were afraid of what the people would do.

Is It Right to Pay Taxes or Not?(C)

20 So they watched Jesus and sent some spies who acted as if they were ·sincere [honest; righteous]. They wanted to trap Jesus in saying something wrong so they could hand him over to the ·authority [jurisdiction; rule] and ·power [authority] of the governor. 21 So the spies asked Jesus, “Teacher, we know that what you say and teach is ·true [right; correct]. You ·pay no attention to who people are [play no favorites; are impartial; aren’t swayed by appearances], and you always teach ·the truth [with sincerity/honesty] about God’s way. 22 Tell us, is it ·right [permissible; lawful] for us to pay taxes to Caesar or not?” [C Saying yes would anger Jews who hated Roman rule; saying no could result in being charged with insurrection.]

23 But Jesus, knowing ·they were trying to trick him [L their craftiness/duplicity], said, 24 “Show me a ·coin [L denarius]. Whose ·image [likeness; portrait] and ·name [inscription; title] are on it?”

They said, “Caesar’s.” [C Ironically, the religious leaders carry coins bearing the idolatrous image of Caesar.]

25 Jesus said to them, “Then ·give [give back; T render] to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and ·give [give back; T render] to God the things that are God’s.”

26 So they were not able to ·trap [catch] Jesus in anything he said in the presence of the people. And being amazed at his answer, they ·became silent [kept quiet].

Some Sadducees Try to Trick Jesus(D)

27 Some Sadducees, who believed people would not rise from the dead, came to Jesus. 28 They asked, “Teacher, Moses wrote that if a man’s brother dies and leaves a wife but no children, then that man must marry the widow and ·have children [L raise up offspring/seed] for his brother [Deut. 25:5–6]. 29 Once there were seven brothers. The first brother ·married [L took a wife] and died, but had no children. 30 Then the second brother married the widow, and he died. 31 And the third brother married the widow, and he died. The same thing happened with all seven brothers; they died and had no children. 32 Finally, the woman died also. 33 Since all seven brothers had married her, whose wife will she be ·when people rise from the dead [L at the resurrection]?”

34 Jesus said to them, “·On earth, people [L The children of this age] marry and are given to someone to marry. 35 But those who will be worthy ·to be raised from the dead and live again [L of the age to come and the resurrection] will not marry, nor will they be given to someone to marry. 36 [L For] In that life they are ·like [or equal to] angels and cannot die. They are children of God, because they ·have been raised from the dead [are children of the resurrection]. 37 Even Moses clearly showed that the dead are raised to life. When he wrote about the burning bush [Ex. 3:1–12], he said that the Lord is ‘the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob [Ex. 3:6; C God is still the God of the patriarchs, so they must have a continued existence after death].’ 38 God is the God of the living, not the dead, because all people are alive to him.”

39 Some of the ·teachers of the law [scribes] said, “Teacher, ·your answer was good [well said!].” 40 No one ·was brave enough [dared] to ask him another question.

Is the Christ the Son of David?(E)

41 Then Jesus said, “Why do people say that the ·Christ [Messiah] is the Son of David [2 Sam. 7:12–16]? 42 [L For; Since] In the book of Psalms, David himself says:

‘The Lord said to my Lord,
“Sit by me at my right ·side [L hand],
43 until I put your enemies ·under your control [L as a footstool for your feet; C meaning defeated or made subject to your authority; Ps. 110:1].”’

44 David calls ·the Christ [the Messiah; L him] ‘Lord,’ so how can ·the Christ [the Messiah; L he] be his son?”

Jesus Accuses Some Leaders(F)

45 While all the people were listening, Jesus said to his ·followers [disciples], 46 “Beware of the ·teachers of the law [scribes]. They like to walk around wearing ·fancy clothes [or flowing robes], and they love for people to greet them with respect in the marketplaces. They love to have the most important seats in the synagogues [11:43] and [the place of highest honor] at ·feasts [banquets]. 47 But they ·cheat widows and steal their houses [L devour widows’ homes] and ·then try to make themselves look good by saying [L with false motives pray] long prayers. They will receive a greater ·punishment [condemnation].”

The Authority of Jesus Questioned(A)

20 One day as Jesus was teaching the people in the temple courts(B) and proclaiming the good news,(C) the chief priests and the teachers of the law, together with the elders, came up to him. “Tell us by what authority you are doing these things,” they said. “Who gave you this authority?”(D)

He replied, “I will also ask you a question. Tell me: John’s baptism(E)—was it from heaven, or of human origin?”

They discussed it among themselves and said, “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ he will ask, ‘Why didn’t you believe him?’ But if we say, ‘Of human origin,’ all the people(F) will stone us, because they are persuaded that John was a prophet.”(G)

So they answered, “We don’t know where it was from.”

Jesus said, “Neither will I tell you by what authority I am doing these things.”

The Parable of the Tenants(H)

He went on to tell the people this parable: “A man planted a vineyard,(I) rented it to some farmers and went away for a long time.(J) 10 At harvest time he sent a servant to the tenants so they would give him some of the fruit of the vineyard. But the tenants beat him and sent him away empty-handed. 11 He sent another servant, but that one also they beat and treated shamefully and sent away empty-handed. 12 He sent still a third, and they wounded him and threw him out.

13 “Then the owner of the vineyard said, ‘What shall I do? I will send my son, whom I love;(K) perhaps they will respect him.’

14 “But when the tenants saw him, they talked the matter over. ‘This is the heir,’ they said. ‘Let’s kill him, and the inheritance will be ours.’ 15 So they threw him out of the vineyard and killed him.

“What then will the owner of the vineyard do to them? 16 He will come and kill those tenants(L) and give the vineyard to others.”

When the people heard this, they said, “God forbid!”

17 Jesus looked directly at them and asked, “Then what is the meaning of that which is written:

“‘The stone the builders rejected
    has become the cornerstone’[a]?(M)

18 Everyone who falls on that stone will be broken to pieces; anyone on whom it falls will be crushed.”(N)

19 The teachers of the law and the chief priests looked for a way to arrest him(O) immediately, because they knew he had spoken this parable against them. But they were afraid of the people.(P)

Paying Taxes to Caesar(Q)

20 Keeping a close watch on him, they sent spies, who pretended to be sincere. They hoped to catch Jesus in something he said,(R) so that they might hand him over to the power and authority of the governor.(S) 21 So the spies questioned him: “Teacher, we know that you speak and teach what is right, and that you do not show partiality but teach the way of God in accordance with the truth.(T) 22 Is it right for us to pay taxes to Caesar or not?”

23 He saw through their duplicity and said to them, 24 “Show me a denarius. Whose image and inscription are on it?”

“Caesar’s,” they replied.

25 He said to them, “Then give back to Caesar what is Caesar’s,(U) and to God what is God’s.”

26 They were unable to trap him in what he had said there in public. And astonished by his answer, they became silent.

The Resurrection and Marriage(V)

27 Some of the Sadducees,(W) who say there is no resurrection,(X) came to Jesus with a question. 28 “Teacher,” they said, “Moses wrote for us that if a man’s brother dies and leaves a wife but no children, the man must marry the widow and raise up offspring for his brother.(Y) 29 Now there were seven brothers. The first one married a woman and died childless. 30 The second 31 and then the third married her, and in the same way the seven died, leaving no children. 32 Finally, the woman died too. 33 Now then, at the resurrection whose wife will she be, since the seven were married to her?”

34 Jesus replied, “The people of this age marry and are given in marriage. 35 But those who are considered worthy of taking part in the age to come(Z) and in the resurrection from the dead will neither marry nor be given in marriage, 36 and they can no longer die; for they are like the angels. They are God’s children,(AA) since they are children of the resurrection. 37 But in the account of the burning bush, even Moses showed that the dead rise, for he calls the Lord ‘the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.’[b](AB) 38 He is not the God of the dead, but of the living, for to him all are alive.”

39 Some of the teachers of the law responded, “Well said, teacher!” 40 And no one dared to ask him any more questions.(AC)

Whose Son Is the Messiah?(AD)

41 Then Jesus said to them, “Why is it said that the Messiah is the son of David?(AE) 42 David himself declares in the Book of Psalms:

“‘The Lord said to my Lord:
    “Sit at my right hand
43 until I make your enemies
    a footstool for your feet.”’[c](AF)

44 David calls him ‘Lord.’ How then can he be his son?”

Warning Against the Teachers of the Law

45 While all the people were listening, Jesus said to his disciples, 46 “Beware of the teachers of the law. They like to walk around in flowing robes and love to be greeted with respect in the marketplaces and have the most important seats in the synagogues and the places of honor at banquets.(AG) 47 They devour widows’ houses and for a show make lengthy prayers. These men will be punished most severely.”

Footnotes

  1. Luke 20:17 Psalm 118:22
  2. Luke 20:37 Exodus 3:6
  3. Luke 20:43 Psalm 110:1