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De jødiske lederes uærlighed(A)

20 En dag, mens Jesus stod på tempelpladsen og underviste folk og fortalte om Guds rige, kom ypperstepræsterne og de skriftlærde sammen med nogle af de andre jødiske ledere hen og konfronterede ham. „Fortæl os, hvem der har givet dig lov til at gøre det, du gør her i templet?” forlangte de.

„Lad mig først stille jer et spørgsmål,” svarede Jesus. „Sig mig: Var Johannes Døber udsendt af Gud, eller var han ikke?”

De begyndte at drøfte det indbyrdes: „Hvis vi siger, at Johannes var sendt af Gud, så vil han spørge, hvorfor vi ikke troede på ham. Og siger vi, at han ikke var sendt af Gud, så vil folket stene os, for de tror jo alle sammen, at Johannes var en profet.” Derfor svarede de: „Det ved vi ikke.”

„Så vil jeg heller ikke fortælle jer, hvem der har givet mig lov til at gøre, hvad jeg gør her!” sagde Jesus.

Jesus afslører de jødiske lederes ondskab(B)

Jesus fortalte nu folkeskaren følgende historie:

„Der var en mand, som ville dyrke vindruer på sin mark. Han tilplantede marken og lejede den så ud til nogle forpagtere. Derefter rejste han til udlandet, hvor han slog sig ned i længere tid. 10 Ved høsttid sendte han en af sine folk af sted for at få udleveret den del af druehøsten, der tilfaldt ham. Men forpagterne overfaldt ham og sendte ham tomhændet tilbage. 11 Derefter sendte ejeren en anden af sine folk af sted, men det samme gentog sig. Han blev slået og hånet og sendt bort uden at få noget. 12 En tredje blev sendt af sted, men med samme resultat. De slog ham til blods og jog ham bort. 13 Så sagde ejeren til sig selv: ‚Hvad skal jeg gøre? Jo, nu ved jeg det: Jeg vil sende min elskede søn. Ham må de da have respekt for!’ 14 Da forpagterne så sønnen, diskuterede de, hvad de nu skulle gøre. ‚Det er ham, der skal arve det hele. Lad os gøre det af med ham, så vi kan få arven,’ blev de enige om. 15 Derpå trak de ham uden for vingården og slog ham ihjel.”

„Hvad mon vingårdens ejer vil gøre ved dem?” spurgte Jesus. 16 „Han vil komme og gøre det af med de onde forpagtere og leje sin vinmark bort til andre.”

Da de omkringstående hørte det, råbte de: „Gid det aldrig må ske!”

17 Jesus så på dem og fortsatte: „Jamen, hvad betyder det så, når der står i Skriften: ‚Den sten, bygmestrene kasserede, blev selve hjørnestenen.’[a] 18 Enhver, der snubler over den sten, vil slå sig fordærvet; men den, som stenen falder på, bliver knust!”

19 Derefter ville de skriftlærde og ypperstepræsterne gerne have arresteret Jesus med det samme, for de var godt klar over, at det var dem, han hentydede til. Men samtidig var de bange for, at der skulle blive uroligheder.

De jødiske ledere søger at fange Jesus i ord(C)

20 De jødiske ledere holdt derefter skarpt øje med Jesus, og de sendte spioner ud, som skulle foregive at være gudfrygtige mennesker, der stillede ærlige spørgsmål. Men hensigten var at få ham til at sige noget, som de kunne anklage ham for over for de romerske myndigheder. 21 Nogle af dem stillede Jesus følgende spørgsmål: „Mester, vi ved, at du taler og underviser om, hvad der er Guds vilje, og du snakker ikke folk efter munden. 22 Sig os derfor: Skal vi betale skat til den romerske kejser eller ej?”

23 Men Jesus gennemskuede deres snedighed: 24 „Vis mig en mønt!” sagde han. „Hvem er der billede af på mønten? Hvad er det for et navn, der er indridset i den?”

„Det er kejserens navn og billede,” svarede de.

25 „Godt,” sagde Jesus, „så giv kejseren det, der er hans, og giv Gud det, der er hans!”[b]

26 Det svar havde de ikke ventet. Det lykkedes dem altså ikke at få Jesus til at gå i en fælde, mens der var vidner på det. Og så tav de.

Saddukæernes spørgsmål om genopstandelsen fra de døde(D)

27 Derefter kom der nogle saddukæere, som jo påstår, at ingen kan genopstå fra de døde. 28 De stillede Jesus følgende spørgsmål: „Mester! Moses gav os jo den forordning, at hvis en mand dør barnløs, skal hans bror gifte sig med enken, så hun kan få en søn, der kan føre den dødes slægt videre. 29 Nu var der syv brødre, og den ældste giftede sig, men døde barnløs. 30 Den næstældste bror giftede sig så med enken, men også han døde barnløs. Derefter giftede den tredje sig med hende. 31 Sådan gik det videre, indtil alle syv havde været gift med hende uden at efterlade sig børn. 32 Til sidst døde også konen. 33 Hvem af brødrene skal så være hendes mand, når de genopstår fra de døde? De har jo alle syv været gift med hende.”

34 Jesus svarede: „Ægteskab i jordisk forstand hører denne verden til, 35-36 men i den kommende verden får menneskene et liv, der ligner englenes. De gifter sig ikke, og der er ingen, der dør. De, som er værdige til at få del i genopstandelsen fra de døde, vil få et helt nyt liv som Guds børn.

37 Men at de døde genopstår, det kan man se fra det afsnit i Skriften, hvor der står om Moses og den brændende tornebusk. Her omtales Gud som Abrahams Gud, Isaks Gud og Jakobs Gud. 38 Men Gud er ikke de dødes Gud. Han er Gud for dem, der lever. Derfor lever disse forfædre for Guds ansigt.”

39 „Godt svaret, mester!” udbrød nogle af de skriftlærde, 40 og ingen vovede sig frem med flere spørgsmål.

Messias som Davids søn(E)

41-43 Jesus stillede nu forsamlingen et spørgsmål: „Hvordan kan Messias være en søn[c] af Kong David, når David selv kalder ham for herre? Han siger jo sådan i Salmernes Bog:

‚Herren sagde til min herre:
Sæt dig ved min højre side,
    imens jeg overvinder dine fjender.’[d]

44 Når David her kalder ham sin herre, kan han så samtidig være hans egen søn?”

Jesus advarer imod de skriftlærdes hykleri(F)

45 Derefter sagde Jesus til sine disciple i mængdens påhør: 46 „Tag jer i agt for de skriftlærde! De elsker at gå klædt som fornemme og lærde mænd, og de nyder, at man hilser ærbødigt på dem, når de går gennem byens gader. De kappes om de bedste pladser i synagogen, og de elsker at være æresgæster ved festerne. 47 Men samtidig svindler de sig til enkers ejendom, og de fremsiger lange bønner for at se fromme ud. De vil få en hård dom!”

Footnotes

  1. 20,17 Sl. 118,22.
  2. 20,25 Da jøderne vidste, at Gud har skabt mennesket i sit eget billede, og at Guds væsen er præget i enhver af hans skabninger, forstod de, at Jesus dermed sagde, at de skulle overgive deres liv til Gud.
  3. 20,41-43 På hebraisk bruges „søn” også om en efterkommer.
  4. 20,41-43 Sl. 110,1.

The Authority of Jesus Questioned(A)

20 One day as Jesus was teaching the people in the temple courts(B) and proclaiming the good news,(C) the chief priests and the teachers of the law, together with the elders, came up to him. “Tell us by what authority you are doing these things,” they said. “Who gave you this authority?”(D)

He replied, “I will also ask you a question. Tell me: John’s baptism(E)—was it from heaven, or of human origin?”

They discussed it among themselves and said, “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ he will ask, ‘Why didn’t you believe him?’ But if we say, ‘Of human origin,’ all the people(F) will stone us, because they are persuaded that John was a prophet.”(G)

So they answered, “We don’t know where it was from.”

Jesus said, “Neither will I tell you by what authority I am doing these things.”

The Parable of the Tenants(H)

He went on to tell the people this parable: “A man planted a vineyard,(I) rented it to some farmers and went away for a long time.(J) 10 At harvest time he sent a servant to the tenants so they would give him some of the fruit of the vineyard. But the tenants beat him and sent him away empty-handed. 11 He sent another servant, but that one also they beat and treated shamefully and sent away empty-handed. 12 He sent still a third, and they wounded him and threw him out.

13 “Then the owner of the vineyard said, ‘What shall I do? I will send my son, whom I love;(K) perhaps they will respect him.’

14 “But when the tenants saw him, they talked the matter over. ‘This is the heir,’ they said. ‘Let’s kill him, and the inheritance will be ours.’ 15 So they threw him out of the vineyard and killed him.

“What then will the owner of the vineyard do to them? 16 He will come and kill those tenants(L) and give the vineyard to others.”

When the people heard this, they said, “God forbid!”

17 Jesus looked directly at them and asked, “Then what is the meaning of that which is written:

“‘The stone the builders rejected
    has become the cornerstone’[a]?(M)

18 Everyone who falls on that stone will be broken to pieces; anyone on whom it falls will be crushed.”(N)

19 The teachers of the law and the chief priests looked for a way to arrest him(O) immediately, because they knew he had spoken this parable against them. But they were afraid of the people.(P)

Paying Taxes to Caesar(Q)

20 Keeping a close watch on him, they sent spies, who pretended to be sincere. They hoped to catch Jesus in something he said,(R) so that they might hand him over to the power and authority of the governor.(S) 21 So the spies questioned him: “Teacher, we know that you speak and teach what is right, and that you do not show partiality but teach the way of God in accordance with the truth.(T) 22 Is it right for us to pay taxes to Caesar or not?”

23 He saw through their duplicity and said to them, 24 “Show me a denarius. Whose image and inscription are on it?”

“Caesar’s,” they replied.

25 He said to them, “Then give back to Caesar what is Caesar’s,(U) and to God what is God’s.”

26 They were unable to trap him in what he had said there in public. And astonished by his answer, they became silent.

The Resurrection and Marriage(V)

27 Some of the Sadducees,(W) who say there is no resurrection,(X) came to Jesus with a question. 28 “Teacher,” they said, “Moses wrote for us that if a man’s brother dies and leaves a wife but no children, the man must marry the widow and raise up offspring for his brother.(Y) 29 Now there were seven brothers. The first one married a woman and died childless. 30 The second 31 and then the third married her, and in the same way the seven died, leaving no children. 32 Finally, the woman died too. 33 Now then, at the resurrection whose wife will she be, since the seven were married to her?”

34 Jesus replied, “The people of this age marry and are given in marriage. 35 But those who are considered worthy of taking part in the age to come(Z) and in the resurrection from the dead will neither marry nor be given in marriage, 36 and they can no longer die; for they are like the angels. They are God’s children,(AA) since they are children of the resurrection. 37 But in the account of the burning bush, even Moses showed that the dead rise, for he calls the Lord ‘the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.’[b](AB) 38 He is not the God of the dead, but of the living, for to him all are alive.”

39 Some of the teachers of the law responded, “Well said, teacher!” 40 And no one dared to ask him any more questions.(AC)

Whose Son Is the Messiah?(AD)

41 Then Jesus said to them, “Why is it said that the Messiah is the son of David?(AE) 42 David himself declares in the Book of Psalms:

“‘The Lord said to my Lord:
    “Sit at my right hand
43 until I make your enemies
    a footstool for your feet.”’[c](AF)

44 David calls him ‘Lord.’ How then can he be his son?”

Warning Against the Teachers of the Law

45 While all the people were listening, Jesus said to his disciples, 46 “Beware of the teachers of the law. They like to walk around in flowing robes and love to be greeted with respect in the marketplaces and have the most important seats in the synagogues and the places of honor at banquets.(AG) 47 They devour widows’ houses and for a show make lengthy prayers. These men will be punished most severely.”

Footnotes

  1. Luke 20:17 Psalm 118:22
  2. Luke 20:37 Exodus 3:6
  3. Luke 20:43 Psalm 110:1

20 And it came to pass, that on one of those days, as he taught the people in the temple, and preached the gospel, the chief priests and the scribes came upon him with the elders,

And spake unto him, saying, Tell us, by what authority doest thou these things? or who is he that gave thee this authority?

And he answered and said unto them, I will also ask you one thing; and answer me:

The baptism of John, was it from heaven, or of men?

And they reasoned with themselves, saying, If we shall say, From heaven; he will say, Why then believed ye him not?

But and if we say, Of men; all the people will stone us: for they be persuaded that John was a prophet.

And they answered, that they could not tell whence it was.

And Jesus said unto them, Neither tell I you by what authority I do these things.

Then began he to speak to the people this parable; A certain man planted a vineyard, and let it forth to husbandmen, and went into a far country for a long time.

10 And at the season he sent a servant to the husbandmen, that they should give him of the fruit of the vineyard: but the husbandmen beat him, and sent him away empty.

11 And again he sent another servant: and they beat him also, and entreated him shamefully, and sent him away empty.

12 And again he sent a third: and they wounded him also, and cast him out.

13 Then said the lord of the vineyard, What shall I do? I will send my beloved son: it may be they will reverence him when they see him.

14 But when the husbandmen saw him, they reasoned among themselves, saying, This is the heir: come, let us kill him, that the inheritance may be ours.

15 So they cast him out of the vineyard, and killed him. What therefore shall the lord of the vineyard do unto them?

16 He shall come and destroy these husbandmen, and shall give the vineyard to others. And when they heard it, they said, God forbid.

17 And he beheld them, and said, What is this then that is written, The stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the corner?

18 Whosoever shall fall upon that stone shall be broken; but on whomsoever it shall fall, it will grind him to powder.

19 And the chief priests and the scribes the same hour sought to lay hands on him; and they feared the people: for they perceived that he had spoken this parable against them.

20 And they watched him, and sent forth spies, which should feign themselves just men, that they might take hold of his words, that so they might deliver him unto the power and authority of the governor.

21 And they asked him, saying, Master, we know that thou sayest and teachest rightly, neither acceptest thou the person of any, but teachest the way of God truly:

22 Is it lawful for us to give tribute unto Caesar, or no?

23 But he perceived their craftiness, and said unto them, Why tempt ye me?

24 Shew me a penny. Whose image and superscription hath it? They answered and said, Caesar's.

25 And he said unto them, Render therefore unto Caesar the things which be Caesar's, and unto God the things which be God's.

26 And they could not take hold of his words before the people: and they marvelled at his answer, and held their peace.

27 Then came to him certain of the Sadducees, which deny that there is any resurrection; and they asked him,

28 Saying, Master, Moses wrote unto us, If any man's brother die, having a wife, and he die without children, that his brother should take his wife, and raise up seed unto his brother.

29 There were therefore seven brethren: and the first took a wife, and died without children.

30 And the second took her to wife, and he died childless.

31 And the third took her; and in like manner the seven also: and they left no children, and died.

32 Last of all the woman died also.

33 Therefore in the resurrection whose wife of them is she? for seven had her to wife.

34 And Jesus answering said unto them, The children of this world marry, and are given in marriage:

35 But they which shall be accounted worthy to obtain that world, and the resurrection from the dead, neither marry, nor are given in marriage:

36 Neither can they die any more: for they are equal unto the angels; and are the children of God, being the children of the resurrection.

37 Now that the dead are raised, even Moses shewed at the bush, when he calleth the Lord the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.

38 For he is not a God of the dead, but of the living: for all live unto him.

39 Then certain of the scribes answering said, Master, thou hast well said.

40 And after that they durst not ask him any question at all.

41 And he said unto them, How say they that Christ is David's son?

42 And David himself saith in the book of Psalms, The Lord said unto my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand,

43 Till I make thine enemies thy footstool.

44 David therefore calleth him Lord, how is he then his son?

45 Then in the audience of all the people he said unto his disciples,

46 Beware of the scribes, which desire to walk in long robes, and love greetings in the markets, and the highest seats in the synagogues, and the chief rooms at feasts;

47 Which devour widows' houses, and for a shew make long prayers: the same shall receive greater damnation.

Jesus’ Authority Questioned(A)

20 Now (B)it happened on one of those days, as He taught the people in the temple and preached the gospel, that the chief priests and the scribes, together with the elders, confronted Him and spoke to Him, saying, “Tell us, (C)by what authority are You doing these things? Or who is he who gave You this authority?”

But He answered and said to them, “I also will ask you one thing, and answer Me: The (D)baptism of John—was it from heaven or from men?”

And they reasoned among themselves, saying, “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ He will say, ‘Why [a]then did you not believe him?’ But if we say, ‘From men,’ all the people will stone us, (E)for they are persuaded that John was a prophet.” So they answered that they did not know where it was from.

And Jesus said to them, “Neither will I tell you by what authority I do these things.”

The Parable of the Wicked Vinedressers(F)

Then He began to tell the people this parable: (G)“A certain man planted a vineyard, leased it to [b]vinedressers, and went into a far country for a long time. 10 Now at [c]vintage-time he (H)sent a servant to the vinedressers, that they might give him some of the fruit of the vineyard. But the vinedressers beat him and sent him away empty-handed. 11 Again he sent another servant; and they beat him also, treated him shamefully, and sent him away empty-handed. 12 And again he sent a third; and they wounded him also and cast him out.

13 “Then the owner of the vineyard said, ‘What shall I do? I will send my beloved son. Probably they will respect him when they see him.’ 14 But when the vinedressers saw him, they reasoned among themselves, saying, ‘This is the (I)heir. Come, (J)let us kill him, that the inheritance may be (K)ours.’ 15 So they cast him out of the vineyard and (L)killed him. Therefore what will the owner of the vineyard do to them? 16 He will come and destroy those vinedressers and give the vineyard to (M)others.”

And when they heard it they said, “Certainly not!”

17 Then He looked at them and said, “What then is this that is written:

(N)‘The stone which the builders rejected
Has become the chief cornerstone’?

18 Whoever falls on that stone will be (O)broken; but (P)on whomever it falls, it will grind him to powder.”

19 And the chief priests and the scribes that very hour sought to lay hands on Him, but they [d]feared the people—for they knew He had spoken this parable against them.

The Pharisees: Is It Lawful to Pay Taxes to Caesar?(Q)

20 (R)So they watched Him, and sent spies who pretended to be righteous, that they might seize on His words, in order to deliver Him to the power and the authority of the governor.

21 Then they asked Him, saying, (S)“Teacher, we know that You say and teach rightly, and You do not show personal favoritism, but teach the way of God in truth: 22 Is it lawful for us to pay taxes to Caesar or not?”

23 But He perceived their craftiness, and said to them, [e]“Why do you test Me? 24 Show Me a denarius. Whose image and inscription does it have?”

They answered and said, “Caesar’s.”

25 And He said to them, (T)“Render[f] therefore to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.”

26 But they could not catch Him in His words in the presence of the people. And they marveled at His answer and kept silent.

The Sadducees: What About the Resurrection?(U)

27 (V)Then some of the Sadducees, (W)who deny that there is a resurrection, came to Him and asked Him, 28 saying: “Teacher, Moses wrote to us that if a man’s brother dies, having a wife, and he dies without children, his brother should take his wife and raise up offspring for his brother. 29 Now there were seven brothers. And the first took a wife, and died without children. 30 And the second [g]took her as wife, and he died childless. 31 Then the third took her, and in like manner the seven [h]also; and they left no children, and died. 32 Last of all the woman died also. 33 Therefore, in the resurrection, whose wife does she become? For all seven had her as wife.”

34 Jesus answered and said to them, “The sons of this age marry and are given in marriage. 35 But those who are (X)counted worthy to attain that age, and the resurrection from the dead, neither marry nor are given in marriage; 36 nor can they die anymore, for (Y)they are equal to the angels and are sons of God, (Z)being sons of the resurrection. 37 But even Moses showed in the burning bush passage that the dead are raised, when he called the Lord (AA)‘the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.’ 38 For He is not the God of the dead but of the living, for (AB)all live to Him.”

39 Then some of the scribes answered and said, “Teacher, You have spoken well.” 40 But after that they dared not question Him anymore.

Jesus: How Can David Call His Descendant Lord?(AC)

41 And He said to them, (AD)“How can they say that the Christ is the Son of David? 42 Now David himself said in the Book of Psalms:

(AE)‘The Lord said to my Lord,
“Sit at My right hand,
43 Till I make Your enemies Your footstool.” ’

44 Therefore David calls Him ‘Lord’; (AF)how is He then his Son?”

Beware of the Scribes(AG)

45 (AH)Then, in the hearing of all the people, He said to His disciples, 46 (AI)“Beware of the scribes, who desire to go around in long robes, (AJ)love greetings in the marketplaces, the best seats in the synagogues, and the best places at feasts, 47 (AK)who devour widows’ houses, and for a (AL)pretense make long prayers. These will receive greater condemnation.”

Footnotes

  1. Luke 20:5 NU, M omit then
  2. Luke 20:9 tenant farmers
  3. Luke 20:10 Lit. the season
  4. Luke 20:19 M were afraid—for
  5. Luke 20:23 NU omits Why do you test Me?
  6. Luke 20:25 Pay
  7. Luke 20:30 NU omits the rest of v. 30.
  8. Luke 20:31 NU, M also left no children