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Lukáš 13
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Ježíš vyzývá k pokání

13 V té době lidé přinesli Ježíšovi zprávu, že Pilát dal pobít galilejské poutníky, zrovna když obětovali. 2 Ježíš na to řekl: „Myslíte si, že ti, které zavraždili, byli horšími hříšníky než ostatní obyvatelé Galileje? 3 Ne, nebyli. Ať je vám to výstrahou: Smrt čeká na každého z vás a potom bude pozdě litovat svých hříchů. 4 Anebo těch osmnáct, na které se zřítila věž v Siloe; ti také nebyli horší než druzí lidé v Jeruzalémě. 5 Když však nebudete litovat svých zlých činů, i vás čeká Boží soud.“ 6 Ježíš pak vyprávěl toto podobenství. „Jeden muž si vypěstoval na své vinici fíkovník. Když přišel čas sklizně, hledal na něm ovoce, avšak marně. 7 Řekl vinaři: ‚Podívej, už třetí rok čekám na ovoce z tohoto fíkovníku, ale nic nerodí. Poraž ho, jenom tu překáží.‘ 8 Vinař se přimlouval: ‚Pane ponech ho ještě jeden rok. Zkypřím mu a pohnojím půdu, snad přece bude rodit. 9 Když na něm ani příští rok nic nebude, dáš ho porazit.‘ “

Ježíš uzdravuje chromou ženu

10 Jednou v sobotu kázal Ježíš v synagoze. 11 Mezi posluchači byla také žena postižená již osmnáct let nemocí, která ji tak pokřivila, že se nemohla napřímit. 12 Když ji Ježíš uviděl, zavolal ji k sobě a řekl: „Ženo, tvé trápení končí.“ Dotkl se jí 13 a v tom okamžiku se žena narovnala a srdečně děkovala Bohu. 14 Představený synagogy však byl pobouřen, že Ježíš uzdravoval v sobotu a napomínal zástup: „Šest dní se má pracovat! Nechte se uzdravit jindy a ne v sobotu, kdy dodržujeme klid.“ 15 Ježíš na to řekl: „Pokrytci! Kdo z vás neodvazuje dobytek, aby ho zavedl k napajedlu? 16 A tato žena, která je potomkem Abrahamovým, neměla být v sobotu zbavena toho, co ji osmnáct let svazovalo?“ 17 Jeho odpůrci se zastyděli, ale ostatní lidé se upřímně radovali z podivuhodných činů, které konal.

Ježíš učí o Božím království

18 Ježíš řekl: „K čemu mám přirovnat Boží království? 19 Je jako nepatrné hořčičné semeno, které si člověk zaseje do zahrady. Ono vyklíčí a vyroste z něho tak mohutná bylina, že na ní mohou hnízdit ptáci. 20-21 Boží království se dá také přirovnat ke kvasu, který žena zadělá do těsta. I když mouky bude hodně, postačí jen trochu kvasu, aby celé těsto nakynulo.“

Ježíš učí o věčném království

22 Ježíš pokračoval na své cestě do Jeruzaléma. Chodil od města k městu, od vesnice k vesnici a všude kázal. 23 Kdosi se ho zeptal: „Pane, je asi málo těch, kteří budou zachráněni, že?“ 24 Ježíš odpověděl: „Do Božího království vedou úzké dveře a těmi se snažte za každou cenu vejít. 25 Jakmile totiž jednou Pán domu přijde, zamkne a pak už bude pozdě. Mnozí by potom ještě rádi vešli, ale už to nepůjde. Marně byste tloukli na dveře a volali: ‚Pane, Pane, otevři nám!‘ Zůstanete venku a Pán vám odpoví: ‚Nevím, kdo jste a odkud jste.‘ 26 A i kdybyste říkali: ‚Sedávali jsme s tebou u stolu a učil jsi v našich ulicích,‘ ani to vám nepomůže. 27 Jen byste znovu slyšeli: ‚Neznám vás a nevím, odkud jste. Promarnili jste svůj život v hříchu, pryč s vámi.‘ 28 Bude pozdě na nářek, až uvidíte Abrahama, Izáka, Jákoba a všechny proroky v Božím království a vy budete odmítnuti. 29 Ze všech světových stran budou proudit lidé, aby v něm zaujali svá místa. 30 Mnozí, kteří dnes platí mezi lidmi za poslední, budou první a mnozí, kteří jsou dnes vysoce ceněni, se octnou mezi posledními.“

Ježíšův zármutek nad Jeruzalémem

31 Za Ježíšem přišlo několik farizejů a varovali ho: „Měl bys utéci z Galileje, Herodes tě chce zabít.“ 32 On jim řekl: „Jděte a řekněte tomu lišákovi: Ještě po nějaký čas budu uzdravovat, zbavovat lidi trápení na těle i na duchu. 33 Ale přijde chvíle, kdy odtud odejdu do Jeruzaléma a tam všechno dokonám. Vždyť je nesmyslné, aby prorok zemřel jinde než tam. 34 Jeruzaléme, Jeruzaléme, zabíjíš proroky a kamenuješ ty, které ti Bůh posílá. Jak často jsem toužil shromáždit svoje děti jako kvočna kuřátka pod ochranná křídla, ale nechtěli jste. 35 I váš slavný chrám bude Bohem opuštěn. Říkám vám, že mne neuvidíte do chvíle, kdy budete volat: ‚Sláva tobě, který přicházíš ve jménu Božím.‘ “

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路加福音 13
Chinese Contemporary Bible (Traditional)

不悔改的下場

13 這時，有人把加利利人獻祭時被彼拉多屠殺的事告訴了耶穌。

2 耶穌說：「你們以為這些人被殺，是因為他們的罪比其他加利利人的罪更重嗎？ 3 不！我告訴你們，你們若不悔改，同樣也必滅亡。 4 西羅亞樓倒塌時曾壓死了十八個人。你們以為他們比耶路撒冷其他人更有罪嗎？ 5 不！我告訴你們，你們若不悔改，同樣也必滅亡。」

6 於是，耶穌說了一個比喻：「有人在葡萄園裡種了一棵無花果樹，他去樹那裡找果子，卻找不到。 7 他對園丁說，『三年來，我一直盼望它結果子，它卻一個也沒結。把它砍了，免得白佔土地。』

8 「園丁請求說，『主人，再留它一年吧！讓我在它四周鬆土、施肥， 9 明年如果結了果子就留它，否則再砍掉它。』」

治好駝背婦人

10 有個安息日，耶穌在會堂裡講道。 11 那裡有個婦人被邪靈纏身十八年，腰彎得很厲害，無法站直。 12 耶穌看見她，便叫她過來，說：「婦人，你再不會被疾病纏身了！」 13 耶穌雙手按在她身上，她的腰立刻直了，便頌讚上帝。

14 會堂主管看到耶穌在安息日為人治病，十分惱怒，就對眾人說：「一週有六天可以工作，求醫應當在這六天之內，不可在安息日！」

15 主說：「你們這些偽君子，莫非你們在安息日不解開棚裡的牛和驢，帶牠們去喝水嗎？ 16 這婦人身為亞伯拉罕的女兒，受撒旦的捆綁十八年，難道不該在安息日為她解開捆索嗎？」 17 反對祂的人聽了這番話後，都非常羞愧，眾人卻為耶穌的奇妙作為高興歡喜。

上帝國的比喻

18 耶穌繼續說：「上帝的國好像什麼呢？我該把上帝的國比作什麼呢？ 19 上帝的國就像一粒芥菜種，有人把它種在園裡，它長成了一棵樹，連飛鳥也來棲息在它的樹枝上。」

20 耶穌又說：「我該把上帝的國比作什麼呢？ 21 上帝的國就像麵酵，婦人拿來摻在三斗麵裡，使整團麵都發起來。」

努力進窄門

22 耶穌繼續前往耶路撒冷，沿途在各城鎮教導人。 23 有人問祂：「主啊，得救的人是否很少呢？」耶穌對他們說：

24 「你們要努力進窄門，因為我告訴你們，將來有許多人想要進卻進不去。 25 當主人起來把門關閉之後，你們才站在外面叩門哀求，說，『主啊，給我們開門吧！』主人必說，『我不認識你們，你們是從哪裡來的？』

26 「那時，你們必說，『我們不是在一起用過餐嗎？你不是在街上教導過我們嗎？』

27 「主人必說，『我告訴你們，我不認識你們，也不知道你們是從哪裡來的。你們這些作惡的人，走開！』

28 「當你們看見亞伯拉罕、以撒、雅各和眾先知在上帝的國，自己卻被丟在門外，必要在那裡哀哭切齒。 29 那時人們會從東西南北來參加上帝國的宴席。 30 看啊，有些殿後的將要為首，有些為首的將要殿後。」

為耶路撒冷哀傷

31 那時，有幾個法利賽人來告訴耶穌，說：「快離開這裡吧，希律要殺你！」

32 耶穌說：「你們去告訴那個狐狸，『今天和明天，我要繼續趕鬼治病，到第三天，我的任務就完成了。』 33 無論如何，今天、明天和後天我必須繼續前行，因為先知不能死在耶路撒冷以外的地方。

34 「耶路撒冷啊，耶路撒冷啊！你常殺害先知，又用石頭打死派到你那裡的使者。我多次想要招聚你的兒女，像母雞將小雞招聚在翅膀底下，可是你們卻不肯。 35 看啊！你們的家園將一片荒涼。我告訴你們，在你們說『奉主名來的當受稱頌』之前，你們再也見不到我了。」

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Luke 13
New English Translation

A Call to Repent

13 Now[a] there were some present on that occasion who told him about the Galileans whose blood Pilate had mixed with their sacrifices.[b] 2 He[c] answered them, “Do you think these Galileans were worse sinners[d] than all the other Galileans, because they suffered these things? 3 No, I tell you! But unless you repent,[e] you will all perish as well![f] 4 Or those eighteen who were killed[g] when the tower in Siloam fell on them,[h] do you think they were worse offenders than all the others who live in Jerusalem? 5 No, I tell you! But unless you repent[i] you will all perish as well!”[j]

Warning to Israel to Bear Fruit

6 Then[k] Jesus[l] told this parable: “A man had a fig tree[m] planted in his vineyard, and he came looking for fruit on it and found none. 7 So[n] he said to the worker who tended the vineyard, ‘For[o] three years[p] now, I have come looking for fruit on this fig tree, and each time I inspect it[q] I find none. Cut[r] it down! Why[s] should it continue to deplete[t] the soil?’ 8 But the worker[u] answered him, ‘Sir, leave it alone this year too, until I dig around it and put fertilizer[v] on it. 9 Then if[w] it bears fruit next year,[x] very well,[y] but if[z] not, you can cut it down.’”

Healing on the Sabbath

10 Now he was teaching in one of the synagogues[aa] on the Sabbath, 11 and a woman was there[ab] who had been disabled by a spirit[ac] for eighteen years. She[ad] was bent over and could not straighten herself up completely.[ae] 12 When[af] Jesus saw her, he called her to him[ag] and said, “Woman,[ah] you are freed[ai] from your infirmity.”[aj] 13 Then[ak] he placed his hands on her, and immediately[al] she straightened up and praised God. 14 But the president of the synagogue, indignant because Jesus had healed on the Sabbath, said to the crowd, “There are six days on which work[am] should be done![an] So come[ao] and be healed on those days, and not on the Sabbath day.” 15 Then the Lord answered him,[ap] “You hypocrites! Does not each of you on the Sabbath untie his ox or his donkey from its stall,[aq] and lead it to water?[ar] 16 Then[as] shouldn’t[at] this woman, a daughter of Abraham whom Satan[au] bound for eighteen long[av] years, be released from this imprisonment[aw] on the Sabbath day?” 17 When[ax] he said this all his adversaries were humiliated,[ay] but[az] the entire crowd was rejoicing at all the wonderful things[ba] he was doing.[bb]

On the Kingdom of God

18 Thus Jesus[bc] asked,[bd] “What is the kingdom of God[be] like?[bf] To[bg] what should I compare it? 19 It is like a mustard seed[bh] that a man took and sowed[bi] in his garden. It[bj] grew and became a tree,[bk] and the wild birds[bl] nested in its branches.”[bm]

20 Again[bn] he said, “To what should I compare the kingdom of God?[bo] 21 It is like yeast that a woman took and mixed with[bp] three measures[bq] of flour until all the dough had risen.”[br]

The Narrow Door

22 Then[bs] Jesus[bt] traveled throughout[bu] towns[bv] and villages, teaching and making his way toward[bw] Jerusalem. 23 Someone[bx] asked[by] him, “Lord, will only a few[bz] be saved?” So[ca] he said to them, 24 “Exert every effort[cb] to enter through the narrow door, because many, I tell you, will try to enter and will not be able to. 25 Once[cc] the head of the house[cd] gets up[ce] and shuts the door, then you will stand outside and start to knock on the door and beg him, ‘Lord,[cf] let us in!’[cg] But he will answer you,[ch] ‘I don’t know where you come from.’[ci] 26 Then you will begin to say, ‘We ate and drank in your presence, and you taught in our streets.’[cj] 27 But[ck] he will reply,[cl] ‘I don’t know where you come from![cm] Go away from me, all you evildoers!’[cn] 28 There will be weeping and gnashing of teeth[co] when you see Abraham, Isaac, Jacob,[cp] and all the prophets in the kingdom of God[cq] but you yourselves thrown out.[cr] 29 Then[cs] people[ct] will come from east and west, and from north and south, and take their places at the banquet table[cu] in the kingdom of God.[cv] 30 But[cw] indeed,[cx] some are last[cy] who will be first, and some are first who will be last.”

Going to Jerusalem

31 At that time,[cz] some Pharisees[da] came up and said to Jesus,[db] “Get away from here,[dc] because Herod[dd] wants to kill you.” 32 But[de] he said to them, “Go[df] and tell that fox,[dg] ‘Look, I am casting out demons and performing healings today and tomorrow, and on the third day[dh] I will complete my work.[di] 33 Nevertheless I must[dj] go on my way today and tomorrow and the next day, because it is impossible[dk] that a prophet should be killed[dl] outside Jerusalem.’[dm] 34 O Jerusalem, Jerusalem,[dn] you who kill the prophets and stone those who are sent to you![do] How often I have longed[dp] to gather your children together as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, but[dq] you would have none of it![dr] 35 Look, your house is forsaken![ds] And I tell you, you will not see me until you say, ‘Blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord!’”[dt]

Footnotes

  1. Luke 13:1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.
  2. Luke 13:1 sn This is an event that otherwise is unattested, though several events similar to it are noted in Josephus (J. W. 2.9.2-4 [2.169-177]; Ant. 13.13.5 [13.372-73], 18.3.1-2 [18.55-62]; 18.4.1 [18.85-87]). It would have caused a major furor.
  3. Luke 13:2 tn Grk “And he.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.
  4. Luke 13:2 sn Jesus did not want his hearers to think that tragedy was necessarily a judgment on these people because they were worse sinners.
  5. Luke 13:3 sn Jesus was stressing that all stand at risk of death, if they do not repent and receive life.
  6. Luke 13:3 tn Or “you will all likewise perish,” but this could be misunderstood to mean that they would perish by the same means as the Galileans. Jesus’ point is that apart from repentance all will perish.
  7. Luke 13:4 tn Grk “on whom the tower in Siloam fell and killed them.” This relative clause embedded in a prepositional phrase is complex in English and has been simplified to an adjectival and a temporal clause in the translation.
  8. Luke 13:4 sn Unlike the previous event, when the tower in Siloam fell on them, it was an accident of fate. It raised the question, however, “Was this a judgment?”
  9. Luke 13:5 sn Jesus’ point repeats v. 3. The circumstances make no difference. All must deal with the reality of what death means.
  10. Luke 13:5 tn Grk “similarly.”
  11. Luke 13:6 tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
  12. Luke 13:6 tn Grk “he”; the referent has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  13. Luke 13:6 sn The fig tree is a variation on the picture of a vine as representing the nation; see Isa 5:1-7.
  14. Luke 13:7 tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “so” to indicate the man’s response as a result of the lack of figs in the preceding clause.
  15. Luke 13:7 tn Grk “Behold, for.”
  16. Luke 13:7 sn The elapsed time could be six years total since planting, since often a fig was given three years before one even started to look for fruit. The point in any case is that enough time had been given to expect fruit.
  17. Luke 13:7 tn The phrase “each time I inspect it” is not in the Greek text but has been supplied to indicate the customary nature of the man’s search for fruit.
  18. Luke 13:7 tc ‡ Several witnesses (P75 A L Θ Ψ 070 ƒ13 33 579 892 al lat co) have “therefore” (οὖν, oun) here. This conjunction has the effect of strengthening the logical connection with the preceding statement but also of reducing the rhetorical power and urgency of the imperative. In light of the slightly greater internal probability of adding a conjunction to an otherwise asyndetic sentence, as well as significant external support for the omission (א B D W ƒ1 M), the shorter reading appears to be more likely as the earlier wording here. NA28 puts the conjunction in brackets, indicating some doubts as to its authenticity.
  19. Luke 13:7 tn Grk “Why indeed.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated.
  20. Luke 13:7 sn Such fig trees would deplete the soil, robbing it of nutrients needed by other trees and plants.
  21. Luke 13:8 tn Grk “he”; the referent (the worker who tended the vineyard) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  22. Luke 13:8 tn Grk “toss manure [on it].” This is a reference to manure used as fertilizer.
  23. Luke 13:9 tn This is a third class condition in the Greek text. The conjunction καί (kai, a component of κάν [kan]) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
  24. Luke 13:9 tn Grk “the coming [season].”
  25. Luke 13:9 tn The phrase “very well” is supplied in the translation to complete the elided idea, but its absence is telling.
  26. Luke 13:9 tn This is a first class condition in the Greek text, showing which of the options is assumed.
  27. Luke 13:10 sn See the note on synagogues in 4:15.
  28. Luke 13:11 tn Grk “and behold, a woman.” The Greek word ἰδού (idou) at the beginning of this statement has not been translated because it has no exact English equivalent here, but adds interest and emphasis (BDAG 468 s.v. 1).
  29. Luke 13:11 tn Grk “a woman having a spirit of weakness” (or “a spirit of infirmity”).
  30. Luke 13:11 tn Grk “years, and.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
  31. Luke 13:11 tn Or “and could not straighten herself up at all.” If εἰς τὸ παντελές (eis to panteles) is understood to modify δυναμένη (dunamenē), the meaning is “she was not able at all to straighten herself up,” but the phrase may be taken with ἀνακύψαι (anakupsai) and understood to mean the same as the adverb παντελῶς (pantelōs), with the meaning “she was not able to straighten herself up completely.” See BDAG 754 s.v. παντελής 1 for further discussion. The second option is preferred in the translation because of proximity: The phrase in question follows ἀνακύψαι in the Greek text.
  32. Luke 13:12 tn The participle ἰδών (idōn) has been taken temporally. Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
  33. Luke 13:12 tn The verb προσεφώνησεν (prosephōnēsen) has been translated as “called (her) to (him),” with the direct object (“her”) and the indirect object (“him”) both understood.
  34. Luke 13:12 sn Woman was a polite form of address (see BDAG 208-9 s.v. γυνή), similar to “Madam” or “Ma’am” used in English in different regions.
  35. Luke 13:12 tn Or “released.”
  36. Luke 13:12 tn Or “sickness.”
  37. Luke 13:13 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
  38. Luke 13:13 sn The healing took place immediately.
  39. Luke 13:14 sn The irony is that Jesus’ “work” consisted of merely touching the woman. There is no sense of joy that eighteen years of suffering was reversed with his touch.
  40. Luke 13:14 tn Grk “on which it is necessary to work.” This has been simplified in the translation.
  41. Luke 13:14 tn The participle ἐρχόμενοι (erchomenoi) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
  42. Luke 13:15 tn Grk “answered him and said.” This is redundant in contemporary English and has been shortened to “answered him.”
  43. Luke 13:15 tn Grk “from the manger [feeding trough],” but by metonymy of part for whole this can be rendered “stall.”
  44. Luke 13:15 sn The charge here is hypocrisy, but it is only part one of the response. Various ancient laws detail what was allowed with cattle; see Mishnah, m. Shabbat 5; CD 11:5-6.
  45. Luke 13:16 tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “then” to show the connection with Jesus’ previous statement.
  46. Luke 13:16 tn Grk “is it not necessary that.” Jesus argues that no other day is more appropriate to heal a descendant of Abraham than the Sabbath, the exact opposite view of the synagogue leader.
  47. Luke 13:16 sn Note that this is again a battle between Satan and God; see 11:18-23.
  48. Luke 13:16 tn The word “long” reflects the emphasis added in the Greek text by ἰδού (idou). See BDAG 468 s.v. 1.
  49. Luke 13:16 tn Or “bondage”; Grk “bond.”
  50. Luke 13:17 tn Grk “And when.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
  51. Luke 13:17 tn Or “were put to shame.”
  52. Luke 13:17 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
  53. Luke 13:17 sn Concerning all the wonderful things see Luke 7:16; 19:37.
  54. Luke 13:17 tn Grk “that were being done by him.” The passive has been converted to an active construction in the translation.
  55. Luke 13:18 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  56. Luke 13:18 tn Grk “said,” but what follows is a question.
  57. Luke 13:18 sn The kingdom of God is a major theme of Jesus’ teaching. The nature of the kingdom of God in the NT and in Jesus’ teaching has long been debated by interpreters and scholars, with discussion primarily centering around the nature of the kingdom (earthly, heavenly, or both) and the kingdom’s arrival (present, future, or both). An additional major issue concerns the relationship between the kingdom of God and the person and work of Jesus himself. See Luke 6:20; 11:20; 17:20-21.
  58. Luke 13:18 sn What is the kingdom of God like? Unlike Mark 4 or Matt 13, where the kingdom parables tend to be all in one location in the narrative, Luke scatters his examples throughout the Gospel.
  59. Luke 13:18 tn Grk “And to.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
  60. Luke 13:19 sn The mustard seed was noted for its tiny size.
  61. Luke 13:19 tn Grk “threw.”
  62. Luke 13:19 tn Grk “garden, and it.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
  63. Luke 13:19 sn Calling the mustard plant a tree is rhetorical hyperbole, since technically it is not one. This plant could be one of two types of mustard popular in Palestine and would be either 10 or 25 ft (3 or 7.5 m) tall.
  64. Luke 13:19 tn Grk “the birds of the sky” or “the birds of the heaven”; the Greek word οὐρανός (ouranos) may be translated either “sky” or “heaven,” depending on the context. The idiomatic expression “birds of the sky” refers to wild birds as opposed to domesticated fowl (cf. BDAG 809 s.v. πετεινόν).
  65. Luke 13:19 sn The point of the parable seems to be that while the kingdom of God may appear to have insignificant and unnoticeable beginnings (i.e., in the ministry of Jesus), it will someday (i.e., at the second advent) be great and quite expansive. The kingdom, however, is not to be equated with the church, but rather the church is an expression of the kingdom. Also, there is important OT background in the image of a small plant that grew and became a tree: Ezek 17:22-24 pictures the reemergence of the Davidic house where people can find calm and shelter. Like the mustard seed, it would start out small but grow to significant size.
  66. Luke 13:20 tn Grk “And again.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
  67. Luke 13:20 sn The kingdom of God is a major theme of Jesus’ teaching. See the note on this phrase in v. 18.
  68. Luke 13:21 tn Grk “hid in.”
  69. Luke 13:21 sn This measure was a saton, the Greek name for the Hebrew term “seah.” Three of these was a very large quantity of flour, since a saton is a little over 16 lbs (7 kg) of dry measure (or 13.13 liters). So this was over 47 lbs (21 kg) of flour total, enough to feed over a hundred people.
  70. Luke 13:21 tn Grk “it was all leavened.”sn The parable of the yeast and the dough teaches that the kingdom of God will start small but eventually grow to permeate everything. Jesus’ point was not to be deceived by its seemingly small start, the same point made in the parable of the mustard seed, which preceded this one.
  71. Luke 13:22 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
  72. Luke 13:22 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  73. Luke 13:22 tn This is a distributive use of κατά (kata); see L&N 83:12.
  74. Luke 13:22 tn Or “cities.”
  75. Luke 13:22 tn Grk “making his journey toward.” This is the first of several travel notes in Luke’s Jerusalem journey section of Luke 9-19; other notes appear at 17:11; 18:31; 19:28, 41.
  76. Luke 13:23 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
  77. Luke 13:23 tn Grk “said to.”
  78. Luke 13:23 sn The warnings earlier in Jesus’ teaching have led to the question whether only a few will be saved.
  79. Luke 13:23 tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “so” to indicate that Jesus’ reply was triggered by the preceding question.
  80. Luke 13:24 tn Or “Make every effort” (L&N 68.74; cf. NIV); “Do your best” (TEV); “Work hard” (NLT); Grk “Struggle.” The idea is to exert one’s maximum effort (cf. BDAG 17 s.v. ἀγωνίζομαι 2.b, “strain every nerve to enter”) because of the supreme importance of attaining entry into the kingdom of God.
  81. Luke 13:25 tn The syntactical relationship between vv. 24-25 is disputed. The question turns on whether v. 25 is connected to v. 24 or not. A lack of a clear connective makes an independent idea more likely. However, one must then determine what the beginning of the sentence connects to. Though it makes for slightly awkward English, the translation has opted to connect it to “he will answer” so that this functions, in effect, as an apodosis. One could end the sentence after “us” and begin a new sentence with “He will answer” to make simpler sentences, although the connection between the two sentences is thereby less clear. The point of the passage, however, is clear. Once the door is shut, because one failed to come in through the narrow way, it is closed permanently. The moral: Do not be too late in deciding to respond.
  82. Luke 13:25 tn Or “the master of the household.”
  83. Luke 13:25 tn Or “rises,” or “stands up.”
  84. Luke 13:25 tn Or “Sir.”
  85. Luke 13:25 tn Grk “Open to us.”
  86. Luke 13:25 tn Grk “and answering, he will say to you.” This is redundant in contemporary English and has been simplified to “he will answer you.”
  87. Luke 13:25 sn For the imagery behind the statement “I do not know where you come from,” see Ps 138:6; Isa 63:16; Jer 1:5; Hos 5:3.
  88. Luke 13:26 sn This term refers to wide streets, and thus suggests the major streets of a city.
  89. Luke 13:27 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
  90. Luke 13:27 tc Most mss (P75* A D L W Θ Ψ 070 ƒ1,13 M) have ἐρεῖ λέγω ὑμῖν (erei legō humin; “he will say, ‘I say to you’”) here, while some have only ἐρεῖ ὑμῖν (“he will say to you” in א 579 lat sa) or simply ἐρεῖ (“he will say” in 1195). The variety of readings seems to have arisen from the somewhat unusual wording of the initial text, ἐρεῖ λέγων ὑμῖν (erei legōn humin; “he will say, saying to you” found in P75c B 892). Given the indicative λέγω, it is difficult to explain how the other readings would have arisen. But if the participle λέγων were original, the other readings can more easily be explained as arising from it. Although the external evidence is significantly stronger in support of the indicative reading, the internal evidence is on the side of the participle. tn Grk “he will say, saying to you.” The participle λέγων (legōn) and its indirect object ὑμῖν (humin) are redundant in contemporary English and have not been translated.
  91. Luke 13:27 sn The issue is not familiarity (with Jesus’ teaching) or even shared activity (eating and drinking with him), but knowing Jesus. Those who do not know him, he will not know where they come from (i.e., will not acknowledge) at the judgment.
  92. Luke 13:27 tn Grk “all you workers of iniquity.” The phrase resembles Ps 6:8.
  93. Luke 13:28 sn Weeping and gnashing of teeth is a figure for remorse and trauma, which occurs here because of exclusion from God’s promise.
  94. Luke 13:28 tn Grk “and Isaac and Jacob,” but καί (kai) has not been translated since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.
  95. Luke 13:28 sn The kingdom of God is a major theme of Jesus’ teaching. See the note on this phrase in v. 18.
  96. Luke 13:28 tn Or “being thrown out.” The present accusative participle, ἐκβαλλομένους (ekballomenous), related to the object ὑμᾶς (humas), seems to suggest that these evildoers will witness their own expulsion from the kingdom.
  97. Luke 13:29 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events in the discourse.
  98. Luke 13:29 tn Grk “they”; the referent (people who will come to participate in the kingdom) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  99. Luke 13:29 tn Grk “and recline at table,” as first century middle eastern meals were not eaten while sitting at a table, but while reclining on one’s side on the floor with the head closest to the low table and the feet farthest away. The phrase “take their places at the banquet table” has been used in the translation to clarify for the modern reader the festive nature of the imagery. The banquet imagery is a way of describing the fellowship and celebration of participation with the people of God at the end. Cf. BDAG 65 s.v. ἀνακλίνω 2, “In transf. sense, of the Messianic banquet w. the idea dine in style (or some similar rendering, not simply ‘eat’ as NRSV) Mt 8:11; Lk 13:29.”
  100. Luke 13:29 sn The kingdom of God is a major theme of Jesus’ teaching. See the note on this phrase in v. 18.
  101. Luke 13:30 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
  102. Luke 13:30 tn Grk “behold.”
  103. Luke 13:30 sn Some are last who will be first, and some are first who will be last. Jesus’ answer is that some who are expected to be there (many from Israel) will not be there, while others not expected to be present (from other nations) will be present. The question is not, “Will the saved be few?” (see v. 23), but “Will it be you?”
  104. Luke 13:31 tn Grk “At that very hour.”
  105. Luke 13:31 sn See the note on Pharisees in 5:17.
  106. Luke 13:31 tn Grk “him”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  107. Luke 13:31 tn Grk “Go away and leave from here,” which is redundant in English and has been shortened to “Get away from here.”
  108. Luke 13:31 sn Herod refers here to Herod Antipas. See the note on Herod Antipas in 3:1.
  109. Luke 13:32 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
  110. Luke 13:32 tn The participle πορευθέντες (poreuthentes) has been taken as indicating attendant circumstance.
  111. Luke 13:32 sn That fox. This is not fundamentally a figure for cleverness as in modern western culture, but could indicate (1) an insignificant person (Neh 4:3; 2 Esd 13:35 LXX); (2) a deceiver (Song Rabbah 2.15.1 on 2:15); or someone destructive, a destroyer (Ezek 13:4; Lam 5:18; 1 En. 89:10, 42-49, 55). Luke’s emphasis seems to be on destructiveness, since Herod killed John the Baptist, whom Luke calls “the greatest born of women” (Luke 7:28) and later stands opposed to Jesus (Acts 4:26-28). In addition, “a person who is designated a fox is an insignificant or base person. He lacks real power and dignity, using cunning deceit to achieve his aims” (H. W. Hoehner, Herod Antipas [SNTSMS], 347).
  112. Luke 13:32 sn The third day is a figurative reference to being further on in time, not a reference to three days from now. Jesus is not even in Jerusalem yet, and the events of the last days in Jerusalem take a good week.
  113. Luke 13:32 tn Or “I reach my goal.” The verb τελειόω (teleioō) is a key NT term for the completion of God’s plan: See Luke 12:50; 22:37; John 19:30; and (where it has the additional component of meaning “to perfect”) Heb 2:10; 5:8-9; 7:28.
  114. Luke 13:33 tn This is the frequent expression δεῖ (dei, “it is necessary”) that notes something that is a part of God’s plan.
  115. Luke 13:33 tn Or “unthinkable.” See L&N 71.4 for both possible meanings.
  116. Luke 13:33 tn Or “should perish away from.”
  117. Luke 13:33 sn Death in Jerusalem is another key theme in Luke’s material: 7:16, 34; 24:19; Acts 3:22-23. Notice that Jesus sees himself in the role of a prophet here. Jesus’ statement, it is impossible that a prophet should be killed outside Jerusalem, is filled with irony; Jesus, traveling about in Galilee (most likely), has nothing to fear from Herod; it is his own people living in the very center of Jewish religion and worship who present the greatest danger to his life. The underlying idea is that Jerusalem, though she stands at the very heart of the worship of God, often kills the prophets God sends to her (v. 34). In the end, Herod will be much less a threat than Jerusalem.
  118. Luke 13:34 sn The double use of the city’s name betrays intense emotion.
  119. Luke 13:34 tn Although the opening address (“Jerusalem, Jerusalem”) is direct (second person), the remainder of this sentence in the Greek text is third person (“who kills the prophets and stones those sent to her”). The following sentences then revert to second person (“your…you”), so to keep all this consistent in English, the third person pronouns in the present verse were translated as second person (“you who kill…sent to you”).
  120. Luke 13:34 sn How often I have longed to gather your children. Jesus, like a lamenting prophet, speaks for God here, who longed to care tenderly for Israel and protect her.
  121. Luke 13:34 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
  122. Luke 13:34 tn Grk “you were not willing.”
  123. Luke 13:35 sn Your house is forsaken. The language here is from Jer 12:7 and 22:5. It recalls exilic judgment.
  124. Luke 13:35 sn A quotation from Ps 118:26. The judgment to come will not be lifted until the Lord returns. See Luke 19:41-44.
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