不悔改則滅亡

13 正在那時候,有些人前來告訴耶穌有關加利利人的事,就是彼拉多加利利人的血與他們的祭物混在一起的事。 耶穌[a]回答他們,說:「你們以為這些加利利人如此受害,是因為他們比其他[b]所有加利利人更有罪嗎? 不是的。我告訴你們:你們如果不悔改,都會同樣地滅亡。 或者,西羅亞樓倒塌壓死的那十八個人,你們以為他們比所有住在耶路撒冷的人更有罪嗎? 不是的。我告訴你們:你們如果不悔改,都會同樣滅亡。」

無花果樹的比喻

於是耶穌講了這個比喻:「一個人有一棵無花果樹栽在自己的葡萄園裡。當他過來,在那樹上找果子時,卻找不到, 就對園丁說:『你看,一連三年,我在這無花果樹上找果子,都找不到。把它砍了吧!何必讓它白占土地?』

「但是園丁回答,對他說:『主人,今年再留著它吧。等我在它周圍挖掘,施些糞肥, 或許它來年真會結出果子,否則,你就砍了它。』」

治癒駝背的婦人

10 在安息日,耶穌在一個會堂裡教導人, 11 看哪,有一個婦人,被邪靈附身病了十八年,一直彎著腰,完全直不起身來。 12 耶穌看見她,就招呼她,對她說:「婦人,你已經從你的疾病中被釋放了!」 13 然後耶穌按手在她身上,她的腰立刻直了,她就不住地榮耀神。

14 因為耶穌在安息日使人痊癒,會堂主管就很生氣,對那群人說:「應該做工的日子有六天,所以你們在那些日子來得痊癒吧!但不要在安息日這一天。」

15 主回答他,說:「你們這些偽善的人!難道你們每個人在安息日,不也是把自己的牛或驢從槽邊解開,牽去飲水嗎? 16 何況這婦人,做為亞伯拉罕的子孫[c],被撒旦所捆綁竟然有十八年,難道不應該在安息日這一天從捆鎖中被釋放嗎?」

17 耶穌說了這些話,所有反對他的人都感到蒙羞,可是眾人都因他所行的一切榮耀的事而感到歡喜。

芥菜種與麵酵的比喻

18 於是耶穌說:「神的國好比什麼呢?我要把它比做什麼呢? 19 它好比一粒芥菜種子,有人拿去種在自己的園子裡,種子長大,成了一棵樹[d],天空的飛鳥也在它的枝子上搭窩。」

20 耶穌又說:「我要把神的國比做什麼呢? 21 它好比酵母,一個婦人拿去拌在[e]三斗[f]麵裡,直到整團麵都發了酵。」

要進窄門

22 耶穌走遍許多城鎮、鄉村教導人,並繼續往耶路撒冷前行。 23 有一個人問他:「主啊,得救的人很少嗎?」

耶穌對他們說: 24 「你們要為進窄門而爭戰,因為我告訴你們:將有許多人想要進去,卻是不能。 25 等到那家的主人起來關了門,你們才開始站在外面敲門,說:『主啊,請給我們開門!』主人就會回答你們,說:『我不知道你們是從哪裡來的。』 26 那時你們就開始說:『我們曾經在你面前吃過、喝過,你也曾經在我們的大街[g]上教導過!』 27 他要對你們說:『我不知道你們是從哪裡來的。離開我,你們所有不義的工人!』 28 當你們看見亞伯拉罕以撒雅各和所有的先知在神的國裡,而你們卻被丟在外面的時候,在那裡將有哀哭和切齒。 29 人們將從東、西、南、北而來,在神的國裡坐席。 30 看哪,有些在後的,將要在前;有些在前的,將要在後。」

耶穌與希律

31 就在這時候[h][i],有一些法利賽人前來對耶穌說:「你離開吧,從這裡走開!因為希律想要殺你。」

32 耶穌對他們說:「你們去告訴那狐狸:看哪!今天明天我驅趕鬼魔、治癒疾病,然後在第三天,我的事就得以完成了。 33 不過今天、明天、後天,我必須往前走,因為先知不能在耶路撒冷之外被殺!

為耶路撒冷哀嘆

34 耶路撒冷啊,耶路撒冷!這城殺害先知們,又用石頭砸死被差到她這裡的人!我多次想聚集你的兒女,像母雞把自己的小雞聚集在翅膀下,可是你們不願意! 35 看哪,你們的家[j]要被廢棄[k]。我[l]告訴你們:你們絕不會再見到我了,直到那日子來臨,就是你們說『奉主名而來的那一位是蒙祝福的』[m]那時候。」

Footnotes

  1. 路加福音 13:2 耶穌——有古抄本作「他」。
  2. 路加福音 13:2 其他——輔助詞語。
  3. 路加福音 13:16 子孫——原文直譯「女兒」。
  4. 路加福音 13:19 樹——有古抄本作「大樹」。
  5. 路加福音 13:21 拌在——原文直譯「藏在」。
  6. 路加福音 13:21 三斗——原文為「3撒頓」;容量約為22公升。1撒頓=7.3公升。
  7. 路加福音 13:26 大街——或譯作「廣場」。
  8. 路加福音 13:31 這時候——原文直譯「同一時候」。
  9. 路加福音 13:31 時候——有古抄本作「天」。
  10. 路加福音 13:35 家——或譯作「殿」;指「聖殿」。參《耶利米書》12:7;22:5。
  11. 路加福音 13:35 有古抄本附「成為荒場」。
  12. 路加福音 13:35 有古抄本附「確實地」。
  13. 路加福音 13:35 《詩篇》118:26。

不悔改的下場

13 這時,有人把加利利人獻祭時被彼拉多屠殺的事告訴了耶穌。

耶穌說:「你們以為這些人被殺,是因為他們的罪比其他加利利人的罪更重嗎? 不!我告訴你們,你們若不悔改,同樣也必滅亡。 西羅亞樓倒塌時曾壓死了十八個人。你們以為他們比耶路撒冷其他人更有罪嗎? 不!我告訴你們,你們若不悔改,同樣也必滅亡。」

於是,耶穌說了一個比喻:「有人在葡萄園裡種了一棵無花果樹,他去樹那裡找果子,卻找不到。 他對園丁說,『三年來,我一直盼望它結果子,它卻一個也沒結。把它砍了,免得白佔土地。』

「園丁請求說,『主人,再留它一年吧!讓我在它四周鬆土、施肥, 明年如果結了果子就留它,否則再砍掉它。』」

治好駝背婦人

10 有個安息日,耶穌在會堂裡講道。 11 那裡有個婦人被邪靈纏身十八年,腰彎得很厲害,無法站直。 12 耶穌看見她,便叫她過來,說:「婦人,你再不會被疾病纏身了!」 13 耶穌雙手按在她身上,她的腰立刻直了,便頌讚上帝。

14 會堂主管看到耶穌在安息日為人治病,十分惱怒,就對眾人說:「一週有六天可以工作,求醫應當在這六天之內,不可在安息日!」

15 主說:「你們這些偽君子,莫非你們在安息日不解開棚裡的牛和驢,帶牠們去喝水嗎? 16 這婦人身為亞伯拉罕的女兒,受撒旦的捆綁十八年,難道不該在安息日為她解開捆索嗎?」 17 反對祂的人聽了這番話後,都非常羞愧,眾人卻為耶穌的奇妙作為高興歡喜。

上帝國的比喻

18 耶穌繼續說:「上帝的國好像什麼呢?我該把上帝的國比作什麼呢? 19 上帝的國就像一粒芥菜種,有人把它種在園裡,它長成了一棵樹,連飛鳥也來棲息在它的樹枝上。」

20 耶穌又說:「我該把上帝的國比作什麼呢? 21 上帝的國就像麵酵,婦人拿來摻在三斗麵裡,使整團麵都發起來。」

努力進窄門

22 耶穌繼續前往耶路撒冷,沿途在各城鎮教導人。 23 有人問祂:「主啊,得救的人是否很少呢?」耶穌對他們說:

24 「你們要努力進窄門,因為我告訴你們,將來有許多人想要進卻進不去。 25 當主人起來把門關閉之後,你們才站在外面叩門哀求,說,『主啊,給我們開門吧!』主人必說,『我不認識你們,你們是從哪裡來的?』

26 「那時,你們必說,『我們不是在一起用過餐嗎?你不是在街上教導過我們嗎?』

27 「主人必說,『我告訴你們,我不認識你們,也不知道你們是從哪裡來的。你們這些作惡的人,走開!』

28 「當你們看見亞伯拉罕、以撒、雅各和眾先知在上帝的國,自己卻被丟在門外,必要在那裡哀哭切齒。 29 那時人們會從東西南北來參加上帝國的宴席。 30 看啊,有些殿後的將要為首,有些為首的將要殿後。」

為耶路撒冷哀傷

31 那時,有幾個法利賽人來告訴耶穌,說:「快離開這裡吧,希律要殺你!」

32 耶穌說:「你們去告訴那個狐狸,『今天和明天,我要繼續趕鬼治病,到第三天,我的任務就完成了。』 33 無論如何,今天、明天和後天我必須繼續前行,因為先知不能死在耶路撒冷以外的地方。

34 「耶路撒冷啊,耶路撒冷啊!你常殺害先知,又用石頭打死派到你那裡的使者。我多次想要招聚你的兒女,像母雞將小雞招聚在翅膀底下,可是你們卻不肯。 35 看啊!你們的家園將一片荒涼。我告訴你們,在你們說『奉主名來的當受稱頌』之前,你們再也見不到我了。」

Chapter 13

A Call to Repentance.[a] At that time some people who were present there told him about the Galileans whose blood Pilate[b] had mingled with the blood of their sacrifices. He said to them in reply, “Do you think that because these Galileans suffered in this way they were greater sinners than all other Galileans?(A) By no means! But I tell you, if you do not repent,(B) you will all perish as they did! Or those eighteen people who were killed when the tower at Siloam fell on them[c]—do you think they were more guilty than everyone else who lived in Jerusalem? By no means! But I tell you, if you do not repent, you will all perish as they did!”

The Parable of the Barren Fig Tree.[d] (C)And he told them this parable: “There once was a person who had a fig tree planted in his orchard, and when he came in search of fruit on it but found none, he said to the gardener, ‘For three years now I have come in search of fruit on this fig tree but have found none. [So] cut it down. Why should it exhaust the soil?’ He said to him in reply, ‘Sir, leave it for this year also, and I shall cultivate the ground around it and fertilize it; it may bear fruit in the future. If not you can cut it down.’”

Cure of a Crippled Woman on the Sabbath.[e] 10 He was teaching in a synagogue on the sabbath. 11 And a woman was there who for eighteen years had been crippled by a spirit; she was bent over, completely incapable of standing erect. 12 When Jesus saw her, he called to her and said, “Woman, you are set free of your infirmity.” 13 He laid his hands on her, and she at once stood up straight and glorified God. 14 (D)But the leader of the synagogue, indignant that Jesus had cured on the sabbath, said to the crowd in reply, “There are six days when work should be done. Come on those days to be cured, not on the sabbath day.” 15 [f]The Lord said to him in reply, “Hypocrites! Does not each one of you on the sabbath untie his ox or his ass from the manger and lead it out for watering?(E) 16 [g]This daughter of Abraham, whom Satan has bound for eighteen years now, ought she not to have been set free on the sabbath day from this bondage?”(F) 17 When he said this, all his adversaries were humiliated; and the whole crowd rejoiced at all the splendid deeds done by him.

The Parable of the Mustard Seed.(G) 18 [h]Then he said, “What is the kingdom of God like? To what can I compare it? 19 It is like a mustard seed that a person took and planted in the garden. When it was fully grown, it became a large bush and ‘the birds of the sky dwelt in its branches.’”(H)

The Parable of the Yeast.(I) 20 Again he said, “To what shall I compare the kingdom of God? 21 It is like yeast that a woman took and mixed [in] with three measures of wheat flour until the whole batch of dough was leavened.”

The Narrow Door; Salvation and Rejection.[i] 22 He passed through towns and villages, teaching as he went and making his way to Jerusalem. 23 Someone asked him, “Lord, will only a few people be saved?” He answered them, 24 (J)“Strive to enter through the narrow door, for many, I tell you, will attempt to enter but will not be strong enough.(K) 25 After the master of the house has arisen and locked the door, then will you stand outside knocking and saying, ‘Lord, open the door for us.’ He will say to you in reply, ‘I do not know where you are from.’(L) 26 And you will say, ‘We ate and drank in your company and you taught in our streets.’ 27 (M)Then he will say to you, ‘I do not know where [you] are from. Depart from me, all you evildoers!’ 28 (N)And there will be wailing and grinding of teeth when you see Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob and all the prophets in the kingdom of God and you yourselves cast out. 29 And people will come from the east and the west and from the north and the south and will recline at table in the kingdom of God.(O) 30 For behold, some are last who will be first, and some are first who will be last.”(P)

Herod’s Desire to Kill Jesus. 31 At that time some Pharisees came to him and said, “Go away, leave this area because Herod wants to kill you.” 32 He replied, “Go and tell that fox, ‘Behold, I cast out demons and I perform healings today and tomorrow, and on the third day I accomplish my purpose.[j] 33 [k]Yet I must continue on my way today,(Q) tomorrow, and the following day, for it is impossible that a prophet should die outside of Jerusalem.’

The Lament over Jerusalem.(R) 34 “Jerusalem, Jerusalem, you who kill the prophets and stone those sent to you, how many times I yearned to gather your children together as a hen gathers her brood under her wings, but you were unwilling! 35 Behold, your house will be abandoned. [But] I tell you, you will not see me until [the time comes when] you say, ‘Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord.’”(S)

Footnotes

  1. 13:1–5 The death of the Galileans at the hands of Pilate (Lk 13:1) and the accidental death of those on whom the tower fell (Lk 13:4) are presented by the Lucan Jesus as timely reminders of the need for all to repent, for the victims of these tragedies should not be considered outstanding sinners who were singled out for punishment.
  2. 13:1 The slaughter of the Galileans by Pilate is unknown outside Luke; but from what is known about Pilate from the Jewish historian Josephus, such a slaughter would be in keeping with the character of Pilate. Josephus reports that Pilate had disrupted a religious gathering of the Samaritans on Mount Gerizim with a slaughter of the participants (Antiquities 18:86–87), and that on another occasion Pilate had killed many Jews who had opposed him when he appropriated money from the temple treasury to build an aqueduct in Jerusalem (Jewish War 2:175–77; Antiquities 18:60–62).
  3. 13:4 Like the incident mentioned in Lk 13:1 nothing of this accident in Jerusalem is known outside Luke and the New Testament.
  4. 13:6–9 Following on the call to repentance in Lk 13:1–5, the parable of the barren fig tree presents a story about the continuing patience of God with those who have not yet given evidence of their repentance (see Lk 3:8). The parable may also be alluding to the delay of the end time, when punishment will be meted out, and the importance of preparing for the end of the age because the delay will not be permanent (Lk 13:8–9).
  5. 13:10–17 The cure of the crippled woman on the sabbath and the controversy that results furnishes a parallel to an incident that will be reported by Luke in 14:1–6, the cure of the man with dropsy on the sabbath. A characteristic of Luke’s style is the juxtaposition of an incident that reveals Jesus’ concern for a man with an incident that reveals his concern for a woman; cf., e.g., Lk 7:11–17 and Lk 8:49–56.
  6. 13:15–16 If the law as interpreted by Jewish tradition allowed for the untying of bound animals on the sabbath, how much more should this woman who has been bound by Satan’s power be freed on the sabbath from her affliction.
  7. 13:16 Whom Satan has bound: affliction and infirmity are taken as evidence of Satan’s hold on humanity. The healing ministry of Jesus reveals the gradual wresting from Satan of control over humanity and the establishment of God’s kingdom.
  8. 13:18–21 Two parables are used to illustrate the future proportions of the kingdom of God that will result from its deceptively small beginning in the preaching and healing ministry of Jesus. They are paralleled in Mt 13:31–33 and Mk 4:30–32.
  9. 13:22–30 These sayings of Jesus follow in Luke upon the parables of the kingdom (Lk 13:18–21) and stress that great effort is required for entrance into the kingdom (Lk 13:24) and that there is an urgency to accept the present opportunity to enter because the narrow door will not remain open indefinitely (Lk 13:25). Lying behind the sayings is the rejection of Jesus and his message by his Jewish contemporaries (Lk 13:26) whose places at table in the kingdom will be taken by Gentiles from the four corners of the world (Lk 13:29). Those called last (the Gentiles) will precede those to whom the invitation to enter was first extended (the Jews). See also Lk 14:15–24.
  10. 13:32 Nothing, not even Herod’s desire to kill Jesus, stands in the way of Jesus’ role in fulfilling God’s will and in establishing the kingdom through his exorcisms and healings.
  11. 13:33 It is impossible that a prophet should die outside of Jerusalem: Jerusalem is the city of destiny and the goal of the journey of the prophet Jesus. Only when he reaches the holy city will his work be accomplished.