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Lessons from Israel’s Past

A Maskil of Asaph.(A)

78 My people, hear my instruction;
listen to the words from my mouth.(B)
I will declare wise sayings;
I will speak mysteries from the past(C)
things we have heard and known
and that our ancestors have passed down to us.(D)
We will not hide them from their children,
but will tell a future generation
the praiseworthy acts of the Lord,
his might, and the wondrous works
he has performed.(E)
He established a testimony in Jacob
and set up a law in Israel,
which he commanded our ancestors
to teach to their children(F)
so that a future generation –
children yet to be born – might know.
They were to rise and tell their children(G)
so that they might put their confidence in God
and not forget God’s works,
but keep his commands.(H)
Then they would not be like their ancestors,
a stubborn and rebellious generation,
a generation whose heart was not loyal
and whose spirit was not faithful to God.(I)

The Ephraimite archers turned back
on the day of battle.(J)
10 They did not keep God’s covenant
and refused to live by his law.(K)
11 They forgot what he had done,
the wondrous works he had shown them.(L)
12 He worked wonders in the sight of their ancestors
in the land of Egypt, the territory of Zoan.(M)
13 He split the sea and brought them across;
the water stood firm like a wall.(N)
14 He led them with a cloud by day
and with a fiery light throughout the night.(O)
15 He split rocks in the wilderness
and gave them drink as abundant as the depths.(P)
16 He brought streams out of the stone
and made water flow down like rivers.(Q)

17 But they continued to sin against him,
rebelling in the desert against the Most High.(R)
18 They deliberately[a] tested God,
demanding the food they craved.(S)
19 They spoke against God, saying,
‘Is God able to provide food in the wilderness?
20 Look! He struck the rock and water gushed out;
torrents overflowed.(T)
But can he also provide bread
or furnish meat for his people? ’(U)
21 Therefore, the Lord heard and became furious;
then fire broke out against Jacob,
and anger flared up against Israel(V)
22 because they did not believe God
or rely on his salvation.(W)
23 He gave a command to the clouds above
and opened the doors of heaven.(X)
24 He rained manna for them to eat;
he gave them grain from heaven.(Y)
25 People[b] ate the bread of angels.[c]
He sent them an abundant supply of food.(Z)
26 He made the east wind blow in the skies
and drove the south wind by his might.(AA)
27 He rained meat on them like dust,
and winged birds like the sand of the seas.
28 He made them fall in the camp,
all around the tents.(AB)
29 The people ate and were completely satisfied,
for he gave them what they craved.(AC)
30 Before they had turned from what they craved,
while the food was still in their mouths,
31 God’s anger flared up against them,
and he killed some of their best men.
He struck down Israel’s fit young men.(AD)

32 Despite all this, they kept sinning
and did not believe his wondrous works.(AE)
33 He made their days end in futility,
their years in sudden disaster.(AF)
34 When he killed some of them,
the rest began to seek him;
they repented and searched for God.(AG)
35 They remembered that God was their rock,
the Most High God, their Redeemer.(AH)
36 But they deceived him with their mouths,
they lied to him with their tongues,(AI)
37 their hearts were insincere towards him,
and they were unfaithful to his covenant.(AJ)
38 Yet he was compassionate;
he atoned for their iniquity
and did not destroy them.
He often turned his anger aside
and did not unleash[d] all his wrath.(AK)
39 He remembered that they were only flesh,
a wind that passes and does not return.(AL)

40 How often they rebelled against him
in the wilderness
and grieved him in the desert.
41 They constantly tested God(AM)
and provoked the Holy One of Israel.(AN)
42 They did not remember his power shown
on the day he redeemed them from the foe,(AO)
43 when he performed his miraculous signs in Egypt
and his wonders in the territory of Zoan.(AP)
44 He turned their rivers into blood,
and they could not drink from their streams.(AQ)
45 He sent among them swarms of flies,(AR)
which fed on them,
and frogs, which devastated them.(AS)
46 He gave their crops to the caterpillar
and the fruit of their labour to the locust.(AT)
47 He killed their vines with hail
and their sycamore fig trees with a flood.
48 He handed over their livestock to hail
and their cattle to lightning bolts.(AU)
49 He sent his burning anger against them:
fury, indignation, and calamity –
a band of deadly messengers.[e](AV)
50 He cleared a path for his anger.
He did not spare them from death
but delivered their lives to the plague.(AW)
51 He struck all the firstborn(AX) in Egypt,
the first progeny of the tents of Ham.(AY)
52 He led his people out like sheep
and guided them like a flock in the wilderness.(AZ)
53 He led them safely, and they were not afraid;
but the sea covered their enemies.(BA)
54 He brought them to his holy territory,
to the mountain his right hand acquired.(BB)
55 He drove out nations before them.(BC)
He apportioned their inheritance by lot
and settled the tribes of Israel in their tents.(BD)

56 But they rebelliously tested the Most High God,
for they did not keep his decrees.(BE)
57 They treacherously turned away like their ancestors;
they became warped like a faulty bow.(BF)
58 They enraged him with their high places
and provoked his jealousy with their carved images.(BG)
59 God heard and became furious;
he completely rejected Israel.(BH)
60 He abandoned the tabernacle at Shiloh,
the tent where he resided among mankind.(BI)
61 He gave up his strength to captivity
and his splendour to the hand of a foe.(BJ)
62 He surrendered his people to the sword
because he was enraged with his heritage.(BK)
63 Fire consumed his chosen young men,
and his young women had no wedding songs.[f](BL)
64 His priests fell by the sword,
and the widows could not lament.(BM)

65 The Lord awoke as if from sleep,
like a warrior from the effects of wine.(BN)
66 He beat back his foes;
he gave them lasting disgrace.(BO)
67 He rejected the tent of Joseph
and did not choose the tribe of Ephraim.
68 He chose instead the tribe of Judah,
Mount Zion, which he loved.(BP)
69 He built his sanctuary like the heights,
like the earth that he established for ever.(BQ)
70 He chose David his servant
and took him from the sheepfolds;(BR)
71 he brought him from tending ewes
to be shepherd over his people Jacob –
over Israel, his inheritance.(BS)
72 He shepherded them with a pure heart
and guided them with his skilful hands.(BT)

Footnotes

  1. 78:18 Lit in their heart
  2. 78:25 Lit Man
  3. 78:25 Lit mighty ones
  4. 78:38 Or stir up
  5. 78:49 Or angels
  6. 78:63 Lit virgins were not praised

Masquil de Asaf.

78 ¡Pueblo mío, oye mis enseñanzas!

Abre tus oídos a lo que digo. Porque te hablaré en parábolas; te enseñaré lecciones escondidas en nuestro pasado; cosas que hemos oído y conocido, cosas que nuestros padres nos han contado. No esconderemos estas verdades a nuestros hijos; diremos a la generación venidera de las gloriosas obras del Señor, de su poder y de sus grandes milagros. Porque él dio sus mandatos a Jacob y a Israel sus leyes, y ordenó a nuestros padres que las enseñaran a sus hijos, para que estos a su vez las enseñaran a sus hijos, aun a los que estaban por nacer. De este modo, sus leyes se transmiten de generación en generación. Así, cada generación ha podido obedecer sus leyes y poner nuevamente su esperanza en Dios y no olvidarse de sus gloriosos milagros. No tenían que ser como sus padres: tercos, rebeldes, infieles, que no quieren entregarle a Dios su corazón.

Los guerreros de Efraín, aunque bien armados, volvieron las espaldas y huyeron al llegar el día de la batalla, 10 porque no cumplieron el pacto con Dios y no obedecían sus leyes. 11 Se olvidaron de lo que él había hecho, los admirables milagros que él les había mostrado, 12 de los milagros que hizo a la vista de sus padres en la tierra de Egipto, en la región de Zoán. 13 Porque él abrió el mar ante ellos, y los guio a través del mismo. ¡Como muros a ambos lados de ellos se detuvieron las aguas! 14 Durante el día los guio mediante una nube, y durante la noche mediante una columna de fuego. 15 En el desierto abrió las rocas para suministrarles agua en abundancia, como si brotaran de una fuente. 16 ¡De la roca manaron corrientes que fluyeron como un río! 17 Pero ellos siguieron en su rebeldía, pecando contra el Altísimo en el desierto. 18 Con toda intención pusieron a Dios a prueba, exigiéndole comida a su antojo. 19 Murmuraron contra Dios diciendo: «Dios no puede darnos comida en el desierto, 20 sin embargo cuando golpeó la roca, el agua brotó como ríos, pero no puede darle a su pueblo pan y carne». 21 Cuando el Señor oyó esto, se puso muy furioso y su enojo se encendió contra Jacob, su ira ardió contra Israel. 22 Porque no creían en Dios ni confiaban en que él cuidaría de ellos. 23 Desde lo alto dio una orden a la nubes, y se abrieron las puertas de los cielos. 24 Hizo llover maná para que se alimentaran. ¡Les dio pan del cielo! 25 ¡Alimento de ángeles comieron! Les dio hasta que se saciaran.

26 Y él llevó el viento oriental y al viento del sur guio con su gran poder. 27 Hizo llover aves abundantes como polvo; nubes de aves como la arena de la playa. 28 Hizo que las aves cayeran en medio de las tiendas. 29 El pueblo comió hasta hartarse. Les dio lo que pedían. 30 Mas apenas habían terminado de comer, aún tenían la carne en la boca, 31 cuando se alzó contra ellos la ira del Señor, y mató a los hombres más fuertes, a los mejores de entre los jóvenes de Israel. 32 Pero aun así el pueblo continuó pecando y rehusó creer en los milagros. 33 Entonces él les acortó la vida y les dio años de terror.

34 Si Dios los castigaba, entonces lo buscaban, se arrepentían y volvían a Dios. 35 Entonces, recordaron que Dios era su roca; que su redentor era el Dios Altísimo. 36 Pero sólo de boca lo seguían; le mentían con la lengua; 37 lejos andaba su corazón. No cumplían con su pacto. 38 Pero él fue misericordioso; les perdonaba sus pecados y no los destruía. Una y otra vez contuvo su ira. 39 Porque se acordaba que eran simples mortales, que en un momento se desvanecen como un soplo del viento y nunca regresan.

40 ¡Cuántas veces se rebelaron contra él en aquellos años del desierto y le entristecieron el corazón! 41 Una y otra vez pusieron a prueba la paciencia de Dios, y provocaron al Santo de Israel. 42 Se olvidaron de su poder, y de cómo los había librado de sus enemigos; 43 olvidaron sus señales milagrosas en Egipto, sus maravillas en la región de Zoán. 44 Cómo volvió sangre sus ríos y nadie podía beber de sus aguas, 45 y cómo envió enormes nubes de moscas que cubrieron la tierra, y cómo las ranas llenaron todo Egipto.

46 Entregó a los gusanos sus cultivos. Las langostas consumieron sus cosechas. 47 Mediante granizo les destruyó las viñas y sicómoros. 48 Entregó su ganado al granizo y sus rebaños a los rayos. 49 Sobre ellos desató el furor de su ira, derramando dolor y enemistad. Contra ellos mandó un ejército de ángeles destructores. 50 Dio rienda suelta a su ira y no libró la vida de las egipcios, sino que los entregó a plagas. 51 Luego mató al hijo mayor de cada familia egipcia: a cada retoño a lo largo de toda la tierra de Egipto.

52 Pero a su pueblo lo guio como a un rebaño; seguro por el desierto. 53 A salvo los guardó para que no temieran. Pero el mar se precipitó sobre los enemigos de ellos y se los tragó. 54 Él los llevó a la frontera de su tierra santa, a esta tierra de colinas que para ellos él conquistó. 55 Echó a las naciones que ocupaban la tierra, y a cada tribu de Israel le dio una porción de tierra como herencia.

56 Pero aunque hizo todo esto por ellos, continuaron poniendo a prueba la paciencia de Dios; rebelándose contra el Dios Altísimo y negándose a cumplir sus mandatos. 57 Fueron desleales y traidores, como sus padres; ¡tan falsos como un arco defectuoso! 58 Lo hicieron enojar construyendo altares a otros dioses; con sus ídolos despertaron sus celos.

59 Al ver esto, grande fue la ira de Dios, y él rechazó completamente al pueblo de Israel. 60 Entonces abandonó su tabernáculo que estaba en Siló, en donde había morado entre los hombres, 61 y permitió que el símbolo de su poder y gloria cayera cautivo en manos enemigas. 62 Tan furioso estaba contra su propio pueblo, que dejó que los mataran a filo de espada. 63 Sus jóvenes murieron a fuego, y sus doncellas perecieron sin haber alcanzado la edad de cantar sus cánticos nupciales. 64 Sus sacerdotes fueron asesinados y sus viudas murieron sin que pudieran siquiera comenzar su lamento.

65 Entonces se alzó el Señor como si hubiera estado durmiendo, como hombre poderoso que se despierta de un sueño causado por el vino; 66 y derrotó a sus enemigos, y los rechazó, y los envió a eterna vergüenza. 67 Desechó a la familia de José, no escogió a la tribu de Efraín, 68 y eligió a la tribu de Judá, y al monte Sion, que él amaba. 69 Allí edificó su imponente santuario, tan sólido y duradero como la tierra misma. 70 Escogió a su siervo David, y lo llamó de los apriscos de las ovejas; 71 y lo quitó de andar arriando los rebaños para que fuera el pastor de los descendientes de Jacob, pastor de Israel el pueblo de Dios; 72 y él los cuidó con sincero corazón y mano diestra.

God’s Kindness to Rebellious Israel

A (A)Contemplation[a] of Asaph.

78 Give ear, O my people, to my law;
Incline your ears to the words of my mouth.
I will open my mouth in a (B)parable;
I will utter [b]dark sayings of old,
Which we have heard and known,
And our fathers have told us.
(C)We will not hide them from their children,
(D)Telling to the generation to come the praises of the Lord,
And His strength and His wonderful works that He has done.

For (E)He established a testimony in Jacob,
And appointed a law in Israel,
Which He commanded our fathers,
That (F)they should make them known to their children;
(G)That the generation to come might know them,
The children who would be born,
That they may arise and declare them to their children,
That they may set their hope in God,
And not forget the works of God,
But keep His commandments;
And (H)may not be like their fathers,
(I)A stubborn and rebellious generation,
A generation (J)that did not [c]set its heart aright,
And whose spirit was not faithful to God.

The children of Ephraim, being armed and [d]carrying bows,
Turned back in the day of battle.
10 (K)They did not keep the covenant of God;
They refused to walk in His law,
11 And (L)forgot His works
And His wonders that He had shown them.

12 (M)Marvelous things He did in the sight of their fathers,
In the land of Egypt, (N)in the field of Zoan.
13 (O)He divided the sea and caused them to pass through;
And (P)He made the waters stand up like a heap.
14 (Q)In the daytime also He led them with the cloud,
And all the night with a light of fire.
15 (R)He split the rocks in the wilderness,
And gave them drink in abundance like the depths.
16 He also brought (S)streams out of the rock,
And caused waters to run down like rivers.

17 But they sinned even more against Him
By (T)rebelling against the Most High in the wilderness.
18 And (U)they tested God in their heart
By asking for the food of their fancy.
19 (V)Yes, they spoke against God:
They said, “Can God prepare a table in the wilderness?
20 (W)Behold, He struck the rock,
So that the waters gushed out,
And the streams overflowed.
Can He give bread also?
Can He provide meat for His people?”

21 Therefore the Lord heard this and (X)was furious;
So a fire was kindled against Jacob,
And anger also came up against Israel,
22 Because they (Y)did not believe in God,
And did not trust in His salvation.
23 Yet He had commanded the clouds above,
(Z)And opened the doors of heaven,
24 (AA)Had rained down manna on them to eat,
And given them of the [e]bread of (AB)heaven.
25 Men ate angels’ food;
He sent them food to [f]the full.

26 (AC)He caused an east wind to blow in the heavens;
And by His power He brought in the south wind.
27 He also rained meat on them like the dust,
Feathered fowl like the sand of the seas;
28 And He let them fall in the midst of their camp,
All around their dwellings.
29 (AD)So they ate and were well filled,
For He gave them their own desire.
30 They were not [g]deprived of their craving;
But (AE)while their food was still in their mouths,
31 The wrath of God came against them,
And slew the stoutest of them,
And struck down the choice men of Israel.

32 In spite of this (AF)they still sinned,
And (AG)did not believe in His wondrous works.
33 (AH)Therefore their days He consumed in futility,
And their years in fear.

34 (AI)When He slew them, then they sought Him;
And they returned and sought earnestly for God.
35 Then they remembered that (AJ)God was their rock,
And the Most High God (AK)their Redeemer.
36 Nevertheless they (AL)flattered Him with their mouth,
And they lied to Him with their tongue;
37 For their heart was not steadfast with Him,
Nor were they faithful in His covenant.
38 (AM)But He, being full of (AN)compassion, forgave their iniquity,
And did not destroy them.
Yes, many a time (AO)He turned His anger away,
And (AP)did not stir up all His wrath;
39 For (AQ)He remembered (AR)that they were but flesh,
(AS)A breath that passes away and does not come again.

40 How often they (AT)provoked[h] Him in the wilderness,
And grieved Him in the desert!
41 Yes, (AU)again and again they tempted God,
And limited the Holy One of Israel.
42 They did not remember His [i]power:
The day when He redeemed them from the enemy,
43 When He worked His signs in Egypt,
And His wonders in the field of Zoan;
44 (AV)Turned their rivers into blood,
And their streams, that they could not drink.
45 (AW)He sent swarms of flies among them, which devoured them,
And (AX)frogs, which destroyed them.
46 He also gave their crops to the caterpillar,
And their labor to the (AY)locust.
47 (AZ)He destroyed their vines with hail,
And their sycamore trees with frost.
48 He also gave up their (BA)cattle to the hail,
And their flocks to fiery [j]lightning.
49 He cast on them the fierceness of His anger,
Wrath, indignation, and trouble,
By sending angels of destruction among them.
50 He made a path for His anger;
He did not spare their soul from death,
But gave [k]their life over to the plague,
51 And destroyed all the (BB)firstborn in Egypt,
The first of their strength in the tents of Ham.
52 But He (BC)made His own people go forth like sheep,
And guided them in the wilderness like a flock;
53 And He (BD)led them on safely, so that they did not fear;
But the sea (BE)overwhelmed their enemies.
54 And He brought them to His (BF)holy border,
This mountain (BG)which His right hand had acquired.
55 (BH)He also drove out the nations before them,
(BI)Allotted them an inheritance by [l]survey,
And made the tribes of Israel dwell in their tents.

56 (BJ)Yet they tested and provoked the Most High God,
And did not keep His testimonies,
57 But (BK)turned back and acted unfaithfully like their fathers;
They were turned aside (BL)like a deceitful bow.
58 (BM)For they provoked Him to anger with their (BN)high places,
And moved Him to jealousy with their carved images.
59 When God heard this, He was furious,
And greatly abhorred Israel,
60 (BO)So that He forsook the tabernacle of Shiloh,
The tent He had placed among men,
61 (BP)And delivered His strength into captivity,
And His glory into the enemy’s hand.
62 (BQ)He also gave His people over to the sword,
And was furious with His inheritance.
63 The fire consumed their young men,
And (BR)their maidens were not given in marriage.
64 (BS)Their priests fell by the sword,
And (BT)their widows made no lamentation.

65 Then the Lord awoke as from sleep,
(BU)Like a mighty man who shouts because of wine.
66 And (BV)He beat back His enemies;
He put them to a perpetual reproach.

67 Moreover He rejected the tent of Joseph,
And did not choose the tribe of Ephraim,
68 But chose the tribe of Judah,
Mount Zion (BW)which He loved.
69 And He built His (BX)sanctuary like the heights,
Like the earth which He has established forever.
70 (BY)He also chose David His servant,
And took him from the sheepfolds;
71 From following (BZ)the ewes that had young He brought him,
(CA)To shepherd Jacob His people,
And Israel His inheritance.
72 So he shepherded them according to the (CB)integrity of his heart,
And guided them by the skillfulness of his hands.

Footnotes

  1. Psalm 78:1 Heb. Maschil
  2. Psalm 78:2 obscure sayings or riddles
  3. Psalm 78:8 Lit. prepare its heart
  4. Psalm 78:9 Lit. bow shooters
  5. Psalm 78:24 Lit. grain
  6. Psalm 78:25 satiation
  7. Psalm 78:30 Lit. separated
  8. Psalm 78:40 rebelled against Him
  9. Psalm 78:42 Lit. hand
  10. Psalm 78:48 lightning bolts
  11. Psalm 78:50 Or their beasts
  12. Psalm 78:55 surveyed measurement, lit. measuring cord