亞伯拉罕因信稱義

那麼,我們說我們肉體上的先祖亞伯拉罕得到了什麼呢? 事實上,如果亞伯拉罕本於行為被稱為義,他就有可誇耀的;然而在神面前他並沒有可誇耀的。 經上到底是怎麼說的呢?

亞伯拉罕信神,
這就被算為他的義。」[a]

做工的人得工錢,不算是恩典,而是應得的; 但是,一個人雖沒有做工,卻信靠那稱不敬虔之人為義的神,這人的信就被算為義。

大衛的話

正如大衛也論到神所算為義之人的福份,這義與行為無關;他說:

「罪惡[b]被赦免、
罪孽被遮蓋的人,
這人是蒙福的。
主絕不算為有罪的,
這人是蒙福的。」[c]

亞伯拉罕在受割禮前被稱為義

既然如此,這福份到底是只賜給那些受割禮的人,還是也賜給那些沒有受割禮的人呢?我們說:「亞伯拉罕因著信,就被算為義了。」[d] 10 那麼,是怎麼被算為義的呢?到底是在他受割禮之後,還是在他沒有受割禮的時候呢?不是在受割禮之後,而是在沒有受割禮的時候。 11 並且他領受了割禮的標記,做為他沒有受割禮時因信稱義的印證,使他成為所有不憑著割禮而信之人的父,也使他們被算為義; 12 而且他也成為受割禮之人的父,不僅為那些受了割禮的人,還為那些順著我們的先祖亞伯拉罕信心之腳蹤行走的人;亞伯拉罕的信心在他沒有受割禮的時候就已經有了。

因信承受應許

13 原來,賜給亞伯拉罕和他後裔繼承世界的應許,不是藉著律法,而是藉著因信而得的義。 14 這是因為,如果本於律法的才是繼承人,信就落了空,應許也就無效了。 15 事實上,律法帶來了震怒,所以哪裡沒有律法,哪裡也就沒有過犯。

16 為此,這應許是本於信,好使這應許照著恩典,能確保給所有的後裔——不僅是給屬律法的,也是給屬亞伯拉罕信心的。亞伯拉罕在神面前是我們每個人的父, 17 正如經上所記:「我已經指派你為眾多民族的父。」[e]亞伯拉罕所信的那一位,就是叫死人得生命、使無變為有的神。 18 亞伯拉罕在沒有盼望的時候,仍然懷著盼望去相信,因而成為眾多民族的父,[f]正如先前所說:「你的後裔將要如此眾多[g]。」[h] 19 他快到一百歲的時候,想到自己的身體如同[i]已經死了,又想到撒拉也已經不能生育,但是他的信仰卻沒有軟弱。 20 他也沒有因著不信去懷疑神的應許,反而因著信得以剛強,把榮耀歸給神, 21 並且確信不疑:神所應許的,神也能成就。 22 因此,這就被算為他的義了。[j] 23 不但如此,「被算為他的義」這句話不僅是為亞伯拉罕寫的, 24 也是為我們寫的;我們信靠使我們的主耶穌從死人中復活的那一位,就將被算為義。 25 主耶穌被交出去,是為了我們的過犯;復活,是為了我們稱義。

Footnotes

  1. 羅馬書 4:3 《創世記》15:6。
  2. 羅馬書 4:7 罪惡——原文直譯「不法」。
  3. 羅馬書 4:8 《詩篇》32:1-2。
  4. 羅馬書 4:9 《創世記》15:6。
  5. 羅馬書 4:17 《創世記》17:5。
  6. 羅馬書 4:18 《創世記》17:5。
  7. 羅馬書 4:18 眾多——輔助詞語。
  8. 羅馬書 4:18 《創世記》15:5。
  9. 羅馬書 4:19 如同——輔助詞語。
  10. 羅馬書 4:22 《創世記》15:6。

Abraham Justified by Faith

What then shall we say(A) that Abraham, our forefather according to the flesh,(B) discovered in this matter? If, in fact, Abraham was justified by works, he had something to boast about—but not before God.(C) What does Scripture say? “Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness.”[a](D)

Now to the one who works, wages are not credited as a gift(E) but as an obligation. However, to the one who does not work but trusts God who justifies the ungodly, their faith is credited as righteousness.(F) David says the same thing when he speaks of the blessedness of the one to whom God credits righteousness apart from works:

“Blessed are those
    whose transgressions are forgiven,
    whose sins are covered.
Blessed is the one
    whose sin the Lord will never count against them.”[b](G)

Is this blessedness only for the circumcised, or also for the uncircumcised?(H) We have been saying that Abraham’s faith was credited to him as righteousness.(I) 10 Under what circumstances was it credited? Was it after he was circumcised, or before? It was not after, but before! 11 And he received circumcision as a sign, a seal of the righteousness that he had by faith while he was still uncircumcised.(J) So then, he is the father(K) of all who believe(L) but have not been circumcised, in order that righteousness might be credited to them. 12 And he is then also the father of the circumcised who not only are circumcised but who also follow in the footsteps of the faith that our father Abraham had before he was circumcised.

13 It was not through the law that Abraham and his offspring received the promise(M) that he would be heir of the world,(N) but through the righteousness that comes by faith.(O) 14 For if those who depend on the law are heirs, faith means nothing and the promise is worthless,(P) 15 because the law brings wrath.(Q) And where there is no law there is no transgression.(R)

16 Therefore, the promise comes by faith, so that it may be by grace(S) and may be guaranteed(T) to all Abraham’s offspring—not only to those who are of the law but also to those who have the faith of Abraham. He is the father of us all.(U) 17 As it is written: “I have made you a father of many nations.”[c](V) He is our father in the sight of God, in whom he believed—the God who gives life(W) to the dead and calls(X) into being things that were not.(Y)

18 Against all hope, Abraham in hope believed and so became the father of many nations,(Z) just as it had been said to him, “So shall your offspring be.”[d](AA) 19 Without weakening in his faith, he faced the fact that his body was as good as dead(AB)—since he was about a hundred years old(AC)—and that Sarah’s womb was also dead.(AD) 20 Yet he did not waver through unbelief regarding the promise of God, but was strengthened(AE) in his faith and gave glory to God,(AF) 21 being fully persuaded that God had power to do what he had promised.(AG) 22 This is why “it was credited to him as righteousness.”(AH) 23 The words “it was credited to him” were written not for him alone, 24 but also for us,(AI) to whom God will credit righteousness—for us who believe in him(AJ) who raised Jesus our Lord from the dead.(AK) 25 He was delivered over to death for our sins(AL) and was raised to life for our justification.(AM)

Footnotes

  1. Romans 4:3 Gen. 15:6; also in verse 22
  2. Romans 4:8 Psalm 32:1,2
  3. Romans 4:17 Gen. 17:5
  4. Romans 4:18 Gen. 15:5

What about Abraham, our early father? What did he learn? If Abraham was made right with God by what he did, he would have had something to be proud of. But he could not be proud before God. The Holy Writings say, “Abraham put his trust in God and that made him right with God.” (A) If a man works, his pay is not a gift. It is something he has earned. If a man has not worked to be saved, but has put his trust in God Who saves men from the punishment of their sins, that man is made right with God because of his trust in God. David tells of this. He spoke of how happy the man is who puts his trust in God without working to be saved from the punishment of sin. “Those people are happy whose sinful acts are forgiven and whose sins are covered. Those people are happy whose sins the Lord will not remember.” (B)

Is this happiness given to the Jews only? Or is it given also to the people who are not Jews? We say again, “Abraham put his trust in God and that made him right with God.” (C) 10 When did this happen? Was it before or after Abraham went through the religious act of becoming a Jew? It was before. 11 He went through the religious act after he had put his trust in God. That religious act proved that his trust in God made him right with God even before he went through the religious act of becoming a Jew. In that way, it made him the early father of all those who believe. It showed that those who did not go through the religious act of becoming a Jew could be right with God. 12 He is also the early father of all those who have gone through the religious act of becoming a Jew. It is not because they went through the act. It is because they put their trust in God the same as Abraham did before he went through the religious act of becoming a Jew. 13 God promised to give the world to him and to all his family after him. He did not make this promise because Abraham obeyed the Law. He promised to give the world to Abraham because he put his trust in God. This made him right with God. 14 If those who obey the Law are to get the world, then a person putting his trust in God means nothing. God’s promise to Abraham would be worth nothing. 15 God’s anger comes on a man when he does not obey the Law. But if there were no Law, then no one could break it.

16 So God’s promise is given to us because we put our trust in Him. We can be sure of it. It is because of His loving-favor to us. It is for all the family of Abraham. It is for those who obey the Law. It is for those who put their trust in God as Abraham did. In this way, he is the father of all Christians. 17 The Holy Writings say, “I have made you a father of many nations.” This promise is good because of Who God is. He makes the dead live again. He speaks, and something is made out of nothing. 18 Abraham believed he would be the father of many nations. He had no reason to hope for this, but he had been told, “Your children will become many nations.” (D) 19 Abraham was about one hundred years old. His body was about dead, but his faith in God was not weak when he thought of his body. His faith was not weak when he thought of his wife Sarah being past the age of having children. 20 Abraham did not doubt God’s promise. His faith in God was strong, and he gave thanks to God. 21 He was sure God was able to do what He had promised. 22 Abraham put his trust in God and was made right with Him. 23 The words, “He was made right with God,” were not for Abraham only. 24 They were for us also. God will make us right with Himself the same way He did Abraham, if we put our trust in God Who raised Jesus our Lord from the dead. 25 Jesus died for our sins. He was raised from the dead to make us right with God.

What shall we say then that Abraham our father, as pertaining to the flesh, hath found?

For if Abraham were justified by works, he hath whereof to glory; but not before God.

For what saith the scripture? Abraham believed God, and it was counted unto him for righteousness.

Now to him that worketh is the reward not reckoned of grace, but of debt.

But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is counted for righteousness.

Even as David also describeth the blessedness of the man, unto whom God imputeth righteousness without works,

Saying, Blessed are they whose iniquities are forgiven, and whose sins are covered.

Blessed is the man to whom the Lord will not impute sin.

Cometh this blessedness then upon the circumcision only, or upon the uncircumcision also? for we say that faith was reckoned to Abraham for righteousness.

10 How was it then reckoned? when he was in circumcision, or in uncircumcision? Not in circumcision, but in uncircumcision.

11 And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had yet being uncircumcised: that he might be the father of all them that believe, though they be not circumcised; that righteousness might be imputed unto them also:

12 And the father of circumcision to them who are not of the circumcision only, but who also walk in the steps of that faith of our father Abraham, which he had being yet uncircumcised.

13 For the promise, that he should be the heir of the world, was not to Abraham, or to his seed, through the law, but through the righteousness of faith.

14 For if they which are of the law be heirs, faith is made void, and the promise made of none effect:

15 Because the law worketh wrath: for where no law is, there is no transgression.

16 Therefore it is of faith, that it might be by grace; to the end the promise might be sure to all the seed; not to that only which is of the law, but to that also which is of the faith of Abraham; who is the father of us all,

17 (As it is written, I have made thee a father of many nations,) before him whom he believed, even God, who quickeneth the dead, and calleth those things which be not as though they were.

18 Who against hope believed in hope, that he might become the father of many nations, according to that which was spoken, So shall thy seed be.

19 And being not weak in faith, he considered not his own body now dead, when he was about an hundred years old, neither yet the deadness of Sarah's womb:

20 He staggered not at the promise of God through unbelief; but was strong in faith, giving glory to God;

21 And being fully persuaded that, what he had promised, he was able also to perform.

22 And therefore it was imputed to him for righteousness.

23 Now it was not written for his sake alone, that it was imputed to him;

24 But for us also, to whom it shall be imputed, if we believe on him that raised up Jesus our Lord from the dead;

25 Who was delivered for our offences, and was raised again for our justification.