上帝的选民

我在基督里说真话,绝无谎言。我被圣灵感动的良心可以作证, 我心里极为忧愁,痛苦不止! 为了我的弟兄——我的同胞以色列人,即使我自己被咒诅、与基督隔绝,我也愿意! 身为以色列人,他们拥有上帝儿子的名分、上帝的荣耀、诸约、律法、圣殿敬拜和各种应许。 蒙拣选的族长是他们的先祖,基督降世为人也是做以色列人。祂是至大至尊,永远当受称颂的上帝。阿们!

当然,这并不表示上帝的话落了空,因为从以色列生的,不一定都是以色列人, 亚伯拉罕的后裔不一定都是亚伯拉罕的儿女,圣经上说:“以撒生的才可算为你的后裔。” 这话的意思是:亚伯拉罕凭血气所生的儿女并不是上帝的儿女,只有凭应许所生的才算是他的后裔。 因为上帝曾这样应许他:“明年这时候,我会再来,撒拉必生一个儿子。”

10 后来,利百加和我们的先祖以撒结婚,怀了双胞胎。 11 在这对孩子还未出生,还没有显出谁善谁恶之前,上帝为了显明自己拣选人并不是按人的行为,而是按祂自己的旨意, 12 便对利百加说:“将来大的要服侍小的。” 13 正如圣经上说:“我爱雅各,厌恶以扫。”

14 这样看来,我们该怎么下结论呢?难道上帝不公平吗?当然不是! 15 祂曾对摩西说:

“我要怜悯谁就怜悯谁,
要恩待谁就恩待谁。”

16 可见这并不在于人的意志和努力,而在于祂的怜悯。 17 圣经记载着上帝对法老说的话:“我使你兴起是为了在你身上彰显我的权能,使我的名传遍天下。” 18 总之,上帝要怜悯谁,就怜悯谁;要叫谁顽固,就叫谁顽固。

上帝的烈怒和怜悯

19 这样,你肯定会对我说:“为什么上帝还指责人呢?谁能抗拒祂的旨意呢?” 20 你这个人啊!你是谁啊?竟敢顶撞上帝!受造之物怎能对造物主说:“你为什么把我造成这样?” 21 陶匠难道不可以从一团泥中拿一部分造贵重的器皿,又拿一部分造平凡的器皿吗?

22 倘若上帝要显示祂的烈怒和权能,就尽量容忍那些祂预备要毁灭的器皿, 23 以便在那些祂怜悯并预备赐予荣耀的器皿上彰显祂丰盛的荣耀,这难道不可以吗? 24 那些蒙怜悯的器皿就是我们这些从犹太人和外族人中被上帝呼召的人。 25 正如上帝在《何西阿书》上说:

“本来不是我子民的,
我要称他们为‘我的子民’;
本来不是我所爱的,
我要称他们为‘我所爱的’。
26 从前我在什么地方对他们说,
‘你们不是我的子民。’
将来也要在那里对他们说,
‘你们是永活上帝的儿女。’”

27 关于以色列人,以赛亚先知曾疾呼:

“以色列人虽多如海沙,
但得救的只是剩余的人,
28 因为上帝要在世上迅速、
彻底地执行祂的判决。”

29 以赛亚又说:

“若不是万军之主给我们存留后裔,
我们早就像所多玛和蛾摩拉一样灭亡了。”

以色列人和福音

30 这样看来,我们该说什么呢?本来不追求义的外族人却因信而得到了义。 31 以色列人靠遵行律法追求义,却徒劳无功。 32 为什么会这样呢?因为他们不凭信心,只靠自己的行为去追求义,结果就在那块“绊脚石”上跌倒了。 33 正如圣经上说:

“看啊!我在锡安放了一块绊脚石,
一块使人跌倒的磐石。
但信靠祂的人必不致蒙羞。”

Lʼeredità dʼIsraele

Dico la verità in Cristo, non mento, la mia coscienza lo conferma nello Spirito Santo. 2-3 Ho una tristezza grande e una angoscia incessante nel mio cuore. Perché io desidererei essere maledetto e tagliato via da Cristo se ciò potesse aiutare i miei fratelli, quelli del mio stesso popolo, il popolo dʼIsraele. Loro è lʼadozione a figli; loro è la gloria divina, il patto, la legge, il culto e le promesse. I vostri antenati furono grandi uomini di Dio, Cristo stesso, per quanto riguarda la sua natura umana, fu uno di voi, un giudeo: Cristo, che è Dio e regna sopra ogni cosa. Sia benedetto in eterno!

Però non si deve credere che Dio sia venuto meno alle promesse fatte agli Ebrei. (Perché queste promesse sono soltanto per quelli che sono veramente Ebrei). E non basta essere nati in una famiglia ebrea, per essere Ebrei! Non tutti i discendenti di Abramo sono veri figli di Abramo! Infatti, le Scritture dicono che, sebbene Abramo avesse altri figli, le promesse di Dio valevano soltanto per Isacco e per i suoi discendenti. Questo significa che non tutti i figli di Abramo sono figli di Dio, ma solo quelli della promessa.

Poiché si trattava ben di una promessa quando Dio disse: «Lʼanno prossimo tornerò e tua moglie Sara avrà un figlio». 10-13 E non soltanto questo. Anni dopo, quando Isacco era già uomo e sposato, e Rebecca, sua moglie, stava per partorire due gemelli, Dio le rivelò che Esaù, il primo nato, sarebbe stato servo del suo gemello, Giacobbe. Le testuali parole furono: «Ho amato Giacobbe, ma ho odiato Esaù». Dio parlò così, prima ancora che i bambini nascessero, prima che potessero fare qualsiasi cosa, sia di bene che di male. Ciò dimostra, dunque, che Dio stava facendo ciò che aveva deciso di fare fin da principio, una decisione non determinata da come si comportarono Esaù e Giacobbe, ma dalla scelta e dalla volontà del Signore.

14 Dovremmo dunque dire che Dio fu ingiusto in questo caso? No di certo! 15 Perché Dio aveva detto a Mosè: «Avrò pietà di chi vorrò aver pietà e compassione di chi vorrò aver compassione». 16 Perciò, per avere le benedizioni di Dio, non basta che uno decida di averle o si dia da fare per ottenerle. È Dio che sceglie di darle a chi vuole.

17 Vale lʼesempio del Faraone, re dʼEgitto. Dio gli disse: «Ti ho dato il dominio dʼEgitto per mostrare la mia potenza contro di te; così tutto il mondo sentirà parlare del mio nome». 18 Vedete dunque che Dio perdona chi vuole, e indurisce il cuore di chi vuole. 19 «Ma allora perché», mi direte voi, «Dio li rimprovera di non volerlo ascoltare? È stato lui a renderli insensibili. Chi può resistere alla volontà di Dio?»

20 No, non dite così. Chi siete voi per criticare Dio? La creatura può forse dire al Creatore: «Perché mi hai fatto così?» 21 Quando un uomo modella un vaso dʼargilla, non ha, forse, il diritto di usare lo stesso blocco dʼargilla, sia per fare un vaso di fiori, che un secchio per i rifiuti? 22 Allo stesso modo, Dio ha tutti i diritti di essere paziente con chi vuole, anche con quelli che meriterebbero di fare una brutta fine; soltanto più tardi egli mostrerà la sua ira e la sua potenza contro di loro. 23-24 Dio ha anche diritto di usare altri vasi, come noi, fatti apposta per contenere le ricchezze della sua gloria (non importa se siamo giudei o apparteniamo ad altri popoli), e mostrarci la sua misericordia, in modo che tutti possano vedere quanto sia grande la sua gloria.

25 Vi ricordate che cosa è scritto nel libro del profeta Osea? Il Signore dice che troverà altri figli per sé, figli che non appartengono alla sua famiglia ebraica, e che li amerà, anche se nessun altro li aveva amati prima. 26 E i pagani, ai quali una volta disse: «Voi non siete la mia gente», saranno chiamati «figli del Dio Vivente».

27 Il profeta Isaia, riferendosi ai Giudei, gridò senza peli sulla lingua: «Anche se siete milioni, soltanto pochi saranno salvati 28 perché il Signore eseguirà completamente e con prontezza la sua sentenza sulla terra».

29 In un altro punto, Isaia dice ancora: «Se non fosse per la misericordia di Dio, tutti quanti saremmo distrutti, come gli abitanti di Sòdoma e Gomorra».

30 Che cosa possiamo dire? Soltanto questo: che Dio ha dato a quelli che non appartengono al popolo dʼIsraele la possibilità di essere salvati per fede, anche se essi non la cercavano. 31 I Giudei, invece, che facevano di tutto per essere giusti osservando le sue leggi, non hanno ottenuto la salvezza. 32 Perché? Perché i Giudei cercavano di essere salvati, ubbidendo alle leggi e facendo buone opere, anziché basarsi sulla fede. Essi hanno urtato nella grande pietra dʼinciampo, proprio comʼè scritto: 33 «Ecco, ho messo sul sentiero degli Ebrei una pietra dʼinciampo. Ma chi avrà fede in lui non sarà mai deluso».

God and the Jewish People

I am in Christ, and I am telling you the truth. I do not lie. My feelings are ruled by the Holy Spirit, and they tell me that I am not lying. I have great sorrow and always feel much sadness for the Jewish people. I wish I could help my Jewish brothers, my people. I would even wish that I were cursed and cut off from Christ if that would help them. They are the people of Israel. They were God’s chosen children. They have the glory of God and the agreements that God made between himself and his people. God gave them the law of Moses and the right way of worship. And God gave his promises to them. They are the descendants of our great ancestors, and they are the earthly family of Christ. Christ is God over all. Praise him forever![a] Amen.

I do not mean that God failed to keep his promise to them. But only some of the people of Israel are truly God’s people.[b] And only some of Abraham’s[c] descendants are true children of Abraham. But God said to Abraham: “The descendants I promised you will be from Isaac.”[d] This means that not all of Abraham’s descendants are God’s true children. Abraham’s true children are those who become God’s children because of the promise God made to Abraham. God’s promise to Abraham was this: “At the right time I will return, and Sarah will have a son.”[e] 10 And that is not all. Rebekah also had sons. And those sons had the same father, our father Isaac. 11-12 But before the two boys were born, God told Rebekah, “The older will serve the younger.”[f] This was before the boys had done anything good or bad. God said this before they were born so that the one chosen would be chosen because of God’s own plan. He was chosen because he was the one God wanted to call, not because of anything he did. 13 As the Scripture says, “I loved Jacob, but I hated Esau.”[g]

14 So what should we say about this? Is God unfair? In no way. 15 God said to Moses, “I will show kindness to anyone I want to show kindness. I will show mercy to anyone I want to show mercy.”[h] 16 So God will choose the one he decides to show mercy to. And his choice does not depend on what people want or try to do. 17 The Scripture says to the king of Egypt: “I made you king so I might show my power in you. In this way my name will be talked about in all the earth.”[i] 18 So God shows mercy where he wants to show mercy. And he makes stubborn the people he wants to make stubborn.

19 So one of you will ask me: “If God controls the things we do, then why does he blame us for our sins? Who can fight his will?” 20 Do not ask that. You are only human. And human beings have no right to question God. An object cannot tell the person who made it, “Why did you make me like this?” 21 The man who makes a jar can make anything he wants to make. He can use the same clay to make different things. He can make one thing for special use and another thing for daily use.

22 It is the same way with what God has done. God wanted to show his anger and to let people see his power. But God patiently stayed with those people he was angry with—people who were ready to be destroyed. 23 God waited with patience so that he could make known his rich glory. He wanted to give that glory to the people who receive his mercy. He has prepared these people to have his glory, and 24 we are those people whom God called. He called us from the Jews and from the non-Jews. 25 As the Scripture says in Hosea:

“I will say, ‘You are my people’
    to those I had called ‘not my people.’
And I will show my love
    to those people I did not love.” Hosea 2:1, 23
26 “Now it is said to Israel,
    ‘You are not my people.’
But later they will be called
    ‘children of the living God.’” Hosea 1:10

27 And Isaiah cries out about Israel:

“There are so many people of Israel.
    They are like the grains of sand by the sea.
But only a few of them will be saved.
28     For the Lord will quickly and completely punish the people on the earth.” Isaiah 10:22-23

29 It is as Isaiah said:

“The Lord of heaven’s armies
    allowed a few of our descendants to live.
Otherwise we would have been completely destroyed
    like the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah.”[j] Isaiah 1:9

30 So what does all this mean? It means this: the non-Jews were not trying to make themselves right with God. But they were made right with God because of their faith. 31 And the people of Israel tried to follow a law to make themselves right with God. But they did not succeed, 32 because they tried to make themselves right by the things they did. They did not trust in God to make them right. They fell over the stone that causes people to fall. 33 As it is written in the Scripture:

“I will put in Jerusalem a stone that causes people to stumble.
    It is a rock that makes them fall.
Anyone who trusts in him will not be disappointed.” Isaiah 8:14; 28:16

Footnotes

  1. 9:5 Christ . . . forever! This can also mean, “May God, who rules over all things, be praised forever!”
  2. 9:6 God’s people Literally, “Israel,” the people God chose to bring his blessings to the world.
  3. 9:7 Abraham Most respected ancestor of the Jews. Every Jew hoped to see Abraham.
  4. 9:7 “The descendants . . . Isaac.” Quotation from Genesis 21:12.
  5. 9:9 “At . . . son.” Quotation from Genesis 18:10, 14.
  6. 9:11-12 “The older . . . younger.” Quotation from Genesis 25:23.
  7. 9:13 “I . . . Esau.” Quotation from Malachi 1:2–3.
  8. 9:15 “I . . . mercy.” Quotation from Exodus 33:19.
  9. 9:17 “I . . . earth.” Quotation from Exodus 9:16.
  10. 9:29 Sodom and Gomorrah Two cities that God destroyed because the people were so evil.

I say the truth in Christ, I lie not, my conscience also bearing me witness in the Holy Ghost,

That I have great heaviness and continual sorrow in my heart.

For I could wish that myself were accursed from Christ for my brethren, my kinsmen according to the flesh:

Who are Israelites; to whom pertaineth the adoption, and the glory, and the covenants, and the giving of the law, and the service of God, and the promises;

Whose are the fathers, and of whom as concerning the flesh Christ came, who is over all, God blessed for ever. Amen.

Not as though the word of God hath taken none effect. For they are not all Israel, which are of Israel:

Neither, because they are the seed of Abraham, are they all children: but, In Isaac shall thy seed be called.

That is, They which are the children of the flesh, these are not the children of God: but the children of the promise are counted for the seed.

For this is the word of promise, At this time will I come, and Sarah shall have a son.

10 And not only this; but when Rebecca also had conceived by one, even by our father Isaac;

11 (For the children being not yet born, neither having done any good or evil, that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of works, but of him that calleth;)

12 It was said unto her, The elder shall serve the younger.

13 As it is written, Jacob have I loved, but Esau have I hated.

14 What shall we say then? Is there unrighteousness with God? God forbid.

15 For he saith to Moses, I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I will have compassion.

16 So then it is not of him that willeth, nor of him that runneth, but of God that sheweth mercy.

17 For the scripture saith unto Pharaoh, Even for this same purpose have I raised thee up, that I might shew my power in thee, and that my name might be declared throughout all the earth.

18 Therefore hath he mercy on whom he will have mercy, and whom he will he hardeneth.

19 Thou wilt say then unto me, Why doth he yet find fault? For who hath resisted his will?

20 Nay but, O man, who art thou that repliest against God? Shall the thing formed say to him that formed it, Why hast thou made me thus?

21 Hath not the potter power over the clay, of the same lump to make one vessel unto honour, and another unto dishonour?

22 What if God, willing to shew his wrath, and to make his power known, endured with much longsuffering the vessels of wrath fitted to destruction:

23 And that he might make known the riches of his glory on the vessels of mercy, which he had afore prepared unto glory,

24 Even us, whom he hath called, not of the Jews only, but also of the Gentiles?

25 As he saith also in Osee, I will call them my people, which were not my people; and her beloved, which was not beloved.

26 And it shall come to pass, that in the place where it was said unto them, Ye are not my people; there shall they be called the children of the living God.

27 Esaias also crieth concerning Israel, Though the number of the children of Israel be as the sand of the sea, a remnant shall be saved:

28 For he will finish the work, and cut it short in righteousness: because a short work will the Lord make upon the earth.

29 And as Esaias said before, Except the Lord of Sabaoth had left us a seed, we had been as Sodoma, and been made like unto Gomorrha.

30 What shall we say then? That the Gentiles, which followed not after righteousness, have attained to righteousness, even the righteousness which is of faith.

31 But Israel, which followed after the law of righteousness, hath not attained to the law of righteousness.

32 Wherefore? Because they sought it not by faith, but as it were by the works of the law. For they stumbled at that stumblingstone;

33 As it is written, Behold, I lay in Sion a stumblingstone and rock of offence: and whosoever believeth on him shall not be ashamed.