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约翰福音 19
Chinese New Version (Traditional)

19 那時，彼拉多吩咐人把耶穌拉去鞭打。 2 士兵用荊棘編成冠冕，戴在他的頭上，又給他披上紫色的外袍， 3 然後來到他面前，說：“猶太人的王萬歲！”並且用手掌打他。 4 彼拉多再次出到外面，對猶太人說：“看！我把他帶出來給你們，讓你們知道我查不出他有甚麼罪。” 5 於是耶穌出來，戴著荊棘的冠冕，披著紫色的外袍。彼拉多對他們說：“看，這個人！” 6 祭司長和差役看見耶穌，就喊叫說：“把他釘十字架！把他釘十字架！”彼拉多對他們說：“你們自己把他帶去釘十字架吧！我查不出他有甚麼罪。” 7 猶太人回答：“我們有律法，根據那律法，他是該死的，因為他自命為　神的兒子。”

8 彼拉多聽見這話，就更加害怕， 9 又進了官邸，問耶穌：“你究竟是從哪裡來的？”耶穌卻不回答他。 10 彼拉多對他說：“你不對我說話嗎？你不知道我有權釋放你，也有權把你釘十字架嗎？” 11 耶穌說：“如果不是從天上給你權柄，你就無權辦我；因此，把我交給你的那人，罪更重了。” 12 從那時起，彼拉多想釋放耶穌；可是猶太人卻喊叫說：“如果你釋放這個人，就不是凱撒的忠臣了。凡是自命為王的，就是與凱撒為敵。”

13 彼拉多聽了這些話，就把耶穌帶到外面，到了一個名叫“鋪石地”（希伯來話叫加巴大）的地方，就在那裡開庭審問。 14 那天是逾越節的預備日，約在正午的時候。彼拉多對猶太人說：“看，你們的王！” 15 他們就喊叫起來：“除掉他！除掉他！把他釘十字架！”彼拉多問他們：“我可以把你們的王釘十字架嗎？”祭司長回答：“除了凱撒，我們沒有王！” 16 於是彼拉多把耶穌交給他們去釘十字架。

耶穌被釘十字架(A)

17 他們把耶穌帶去了。耶穌自己背著十字架出來，到了一個名叫“髑髏”的地方，希伯來話叫各各他。 18 他們就在那裡把耶穌釘在十字架上；和他一同釘十字架的，還有兩個人，一邊一個，耶穌在中間。 19 彼拉多寫了一個牌子，放在十字架上頭，寫的是：“猶太人的王拿撒勒人耶穌。” 20 有許多猶太人念了這牌子上所寫的，因為耶穌釘十字架的地方離城不遠，而且那牌子是用希伯來文、拉丁文和希臘文寫的。 21 猶太人的祭司長對彼拉多說：“不要寫‘猶太人的王’，要寫‘這個人自稱：我是猶太人的王’。” 22 彼拉多說：“我所寫的，我已經寫了！”

23 士兵把耶穌釘了十字架之後，就把他的衣服拿來，分成四分，每個兵一分。他們又拿他的內衣；這內衣是沒有縫的，是從上到下整件織成的。 24 因此，他們彼此說：“我們不要把它撕開，我們來抽籤吧，看看是誰的。”這就應驗了經上所說的：

“他們分了我的外衣，

又為我的內衣抽籤。”

士兵果然這樣作了。 25 站在耶穌十字架旁邊的，有他母親和他母親的姊妹，還有高羅巴的妻子馬利亞，和抹大拉的馬利亞。 26 耶穌看見母親，又看見他所愛的那門徒站在旁邊，就對母親說：“母親（“母親”原文作“婦人”），看！你的兒子。” 27 然後他對那門徒說：“看！你的母親。”從那時起，那門徒就把她接到自己的家裡去了。

耶穌死時的情形(B)

28 這事以後，耶穌知道一切都已經成就了，為了要使經上的話應驗，就說：“我渴了。” 29 在那裡有一個罈子，盛滿了酸酒，他們就拿海綿浸了酸酒，綁在牛膝草上，送到他的口裡。 30 耶穌嘗了那酸酒，說：“成了！”就低下頭，斷了氣。

31 因為那天是預備日，為了要避免屍體在安息日留在十字架上（因為那安息日是個重要的日子），猶太人就請求彼拉多打斷那些被釘十字架的人的腿，把他們拿下來。 32 於是士兵來了，把和耶穌一同釘十字架的那兩個人的腿都先後打斷了。 33 他們來到耶穌那裡，看見他已經死了，就沒有打斷他的腿。 34 但是有一個士兵用槍刺他的肋旁，立刻有血和水流出來。 35 那看見這事的人已經作證了，他的見證是真實的，他也知道自己所說的是實在的，使你們也相信。 36 這些事的發生，是要應驗經上所說的：“他的骨頭，一根也不可折斷。” 37 另有一處經文說：“他們要仰望自己所刺的人。”

耶穌葬在新墳墓裡(C)

38 這些事以後，有一個亞利馬太人約瑟來求彼拉多，要領耶穌的身體；他因為怕猶太人，就暗暗地作耶穌的門徒。彼拉多批准了，他便把耶穌的身體領去。 39 從前夜間來見耶穌的尼哥德慕也來了，帶著沒藥和沉香混合的香料，約有三十二公斤。 40 他們領取了耶穌的身體，照著猶太人的葬禮的規例，用細麻布和香料把他裹好。 41 在耶穌釘十字架的地方，有一個園子，園裡有一個新的墓穴，是從來沒有葬過人的。 42 因為那天是猶太人的預備日，又因為那墓穴就在附近，他們就把耶穌葬在那裡。

Close NABRE

John 19
New American Bible (Revised Edition)

Chapter 19

1 [a](A)Then Pilate took Jesus and had him scourged. 2 And the soldiers wove a crown out of thorns and placed it on his head, and clothed him in a purple cloak, 3 and they came to him and said, “Hail, King of the Jews!” And they struck him repeatedly. 4 Once more Pilate went out and said to them, “Look, I am bringing him out to you, so that you may know that I find no guilt in him.”(B) 5 So Jesus came out, wearing the crown of thorns and the purple cloak. And he said to them, “Behold, the man!”(C) 6 When the chief priests and the guards saw him they cried out, “Crucify him, crucify him!” Pilate said to them, “Take him yourselves and crucify him. I find no guilt in him.”(D) 7 [b]The Jews answered,(E) “We have a law, and according to that law he ought to die, because he made himself the Son of God.” 8 Now when Pilate heard this statement, he became even more afraid, 9 and went back into the praetorium and said to Jesus, “Where are you from?” Jesus did not answer him.(F) 10 So Pilate said to him, “Do you not speak to me? Do you not know that I have power to release you and I have power to crucify you?” 11 Jesus answered [him], “You would have no power over me if it had not been given to you from above. For this reason the one who handed me over to you has the greater sin.”(G) 12 Consequently, Pilate tried to release him; but the Jews cried out, “If you release him, you are not a Friend of Caesar.[c] Everyone who makes himself a king opposes Caesar.”(H)

13 When Pilate heard these words he brought Jesus out and seated him[d] on the judge’s bench in the place called Stone Pavement, in Hebrew, Gabbatha. 14 It was preparation day for Passover, and it was about noon.[e] And he said to the Jews, “Behold, your king!” 15 They cried out, “Take him away, take him away! Crucify him!” Pilate said to them, “Shall I crucify your king?” The chief priests answered, “We have no king but Caesar.” 16 Then he handed him over to them to be crucified.[f]

The Crucifixion of Jesus. So they took Jesus, 17 (I)and carrying the cross himself[g] he went out to what is called the Place of the Skull, in Hebrew, Golgotha. 18 There they crucified him, and with him two others, one on either side, with Jesus in the middle. 19 [h]Pilate also had an inscription written and put on the cross. It read, “Jesus the Nazorean, the King of the Jews.” 20 Now many of the Jews read this inscription, because the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city; and it was written in Hebrew, Latin, and Greek. 21 So the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate, “Do not write ‘The King of the Jews,’ but that he said, ‘I am the King of the Jews.’”(J) 22 Pilate answered, “What I have written, I have written.”

23 [i]When the soldiers had crucified Jesus,(K) they took his clothes and divided them into four shares, a share for each soldier.(L) They also took his tunic, but the tunic was seamless, woven in one piece from the top down. 24 So they said to one another, “Let’s not tear it, but cast lots for it to see whose it will be,” in order that the passage of scripture might be fulfilled [that says]:

“They divided my garments among them,
    and for my vesture they cast lots.”

This is what the soldiers did. 25 [j](M)Standing by the cross of Jesus were his mother and his mother’s sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary of Magdala. 26 When Jesus saw his mother[k] and the disciple there whom he loved, he said to his mother, “Woman, behold, your son.”(N) 27 Then he said to the disciple, “Behold, your mother.” And from that hour the disciple took her into his home.

28 (O)After this, aware that everything was now finished, in order that the scripture might be fulfilled,[l] Jesus said, “I thirst.”(P) 29 There was a vessel filled with common wine.[m] So they put a sponge soaked in wine on a sprig of hyssop and put it up to his mouth. 30 [n]When Jesus had taken the wine, he said, “It is finished.”(Q) And bowing his head, he handed over the spirit.

The Blood and Water. 31 Now since it was preparation day, in order that the bodies might not remain on the cross on the sabbath, for the sabbath day of that week was a solemn one, the Jews asked Pilate that their legs be broken and they be taken down.(R) 32 So the soldiers came and broke the legs of the first and then of the other one who was crucified with Jesus. 33 But when they came to Jesus and saw that he was already dead, they did not break his legs, 34 [o](S)but one soldier thrust his lance into his side, and immediately blood and water flowed out. 35 An eyewitness has testified, and his testimony is true; he knows[p] that he is speaking the truth, so that you also may [come to] believe.(T) 36 For this happened so that the scripture passage might be fulfilled:

“Not a bone of it will be broken.”(U)

37 And again another passage says:

“They will look upon him whom they have pierced.”(V)

The Burial of Jesus.[q] 38 (W)After this, Joseph of Arimathea, secretly a disciple of Jesus for fear of the Jews, asked Pilate if he could remove the body of Jesus. And Pilate permitted it. So he came and took his body. 39 Nicodemus, the one who had first come to him at night, also came bringing a mixture of myrrh and aloes weighing about one hundred pounds.(X) 40 They took the body of Jesus and bound it with burial cloths along with the spices, according to the Jewish burial custom. 41 Now in the place where he had been crucified there was a garden, and in the garden a new tomb, in which no one had yet been buried. 42 So they laid Jesus there because of the Jewish preparation day; for the tomb was close by.

Footnotes

  1. 19:1 Luke places the mockery of Jesus at the midpoint in the trial when Jesus was sent to Herod. Mark and Matthew place the scourging and mockery at the end of the trial after the sentence of death. Scourging was an integral part of the crucifixion penalty.
  2. 19:7 Made himself the Son of God: this question was not raised in John’s account of the Jewish interrogations of Jesus as it was in the synoptic account. Nevertheless, see Jn 5:18; 8:53; 10:36.
  3. 19:12 Friend of Caesar: a Roman honorific title bestowed upon high-ranking officials for merit.
  4. 19:13 Seated him: others translate “(Pilate) sat down.” In John’s thought, Jesus is the real judge of the world, and John may here be portraying him seated on the judgment bench. Stone Pavement: in Greek lithostrotos; under the fortress Antonia, one of the conjectured locations of the praetorium, a massive stone pavement has been excavated. Gabbatha (Aramaic rather than Hebrew) probably means “ridge, elevation.”
  5. 19:14 Noon: Mk 15:25 has Jesus crucified “at the third hour,” which means either 9 a.m. or the period from 9 a.m. to 12 noon, the time when, according to John, Jesus was sentenced to death, was the hour at which the priests began to slaughter Passover lambs in the temple; see Jn 1:29.
  6. 19:16 He handed him over to them to be crucified: in context this would seem to mean “handed him over to the chief priests.” Lk 23:25 has a similar ambiguity. There is a polemic tendency in the gospels to place the guilt of the crucifixion on the Jewish authorities and to exonerate the Romans from blame. But John later mentions the Roman soldiers (Jn 19:23), and it was to these soldiers that Pilate handed Jesus over.
  7. 19:17 Carrying the cross himself: a different picture from that of the synoptics, especially Lk 23:26, where Simon of Cyrene is made to carry the cross, walking behind Jesus. In John’s theology, Jesus remained in complete control and master of his destiny (cf. Jn 10:18). Place of the Skull: the Latin word for skull is Calvaria; hence “Calvary.” Golgotha is actually an Aramaic rather than a Hebrew word.
  8. 19:19 The inscription differs with slightly different words in each of the four gospels. John’s form is fullest and gives the equivalent of the Latin INRI = Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum. Only John mentions its polyglot character (Jn 19:20) and Pilate’s role in keeping the title unchanged (Jn 19:21–22).
  9. 19:23–25a While all four gospels describe the soldiers casting lots to divide Jesus’ garments (see note on Mt 27:35), only John quotes the underlying passage from Ps 22:19, and only John sees each line of the poetic parallelism literally carried out in two separate actions (Jn 19:23–24).
  10. 19:25 It is not clear whether four women are meant, or three (i.e., Mary the wife of Cl[e]opas [cf. Lk 24:18] is in apposition with his mother’s sister) or two (his mother and his mother’s sister, i.e., Mary of Cl[e]opas and Mary of Magdala). Only John mentions the mother of Jesus here. The synoptics have a group of women looking on from a distance at the cross (Mk 15:40).
  11. 19:26–27 This scene has been interpreted literally, of Jesus’ concern for his mother; and symbolically, e.g., in the light of the Cana story in Jn 2 (the presence of the mother of Jesus, the address woman, and the mention of the hour) and of the upper room in Jn 13 (the presence of the beloved disciple; the hour). Now that the hour has come (Jn 19:28), Mary (a symbol of the church?) is given a role as the mother of Christians (personified by the beloved disciple); or, as a representative of those seeking salvation, she is supported by the disciple who interprets Jesus’ revelation; or Jewish and Gentile Christianity (or Israel and the Christian community) are reconciled.
  12. 19:28 The scripture…fulfilled: either in the scene of Jn 19:25–27, or in the I thirst of Jn 19:28. If the latter, Ps 22:16; 69:22 deserve consideration.
  13. 19:29 Wine: John does not mention the drugged wine, a narcotic that Jesus refused as the crucifixion began (Mk 15:23), but only this final gesture of kindness at the end (Mk 15:36). Hyssop, a small plant, is scarcely suitable for carrying a sponge (Mark mentions a reed) and may be a symbolic reference to the hyssop used to daub the blood of the paschal lamb on the doorpost of the Hebrews (Ex 12:22).
  14. 19:30 Handed over the spirit: there is a double nuance of dying (giving up the last breath or spirit) and that of passing on the holy Spirit; see Jn 7:39, which connects the giving of the Spirit with Jesus’ glorious return to the Father, and Jn 20:22, where the author portrays the conferral of the Spirit.
  15. 19:34–35 John probably emphasizes these verses to show the reality of Jesus’ death, against the docetic heretics. In the blood and water there may also be a symbolic reference to the Eucharist and baptism.
  16. 19:35 He knows: it is not certain from the Greek that this he is the eyewitness of the first part of the sentence. May [come to] believe: see note on Jn 20:31.
  17. 19:38–42 In the first three gospels there is no anointing on Friday. In Matthew and Luke the women come to the tomb on Sunday morning precisely to anoint Jesus.
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