约书亚记 10
Chinese New Version (Traditional)
五王聯合攻打基遍
10 耶路撒冷王亞多尼．洗德聽見約書亞佔領了艾城，把城完全毀滅，約書亞怎樣對待耶利哥和耶利哥的王，也照樣對待艾城和艾城的王；又聽見基遍的居民已經與以色列人議和，並可以住在這地， 2 他們就非常懼怕。因為基遍是大城，好像一座王城；又因為基遍比艾城大，城裡所有的人都是勇士。 3 因此，耶路撒冷王亞多尼．洗德派人到希伯崙王何咸、耶末王毘蘭、拉吉王雅非亞和伊磯倫王底璧那裡去，對他們說： 4 “求你們上我這裡來幫助我，我們好攻打基遍，因為基遍已經與約書亞和以色列人議和了。” 5 於是亞摩利人的那五個王，就是耶路撒冷王、希伯崙王、耶末王、拉吉王和伊磯倫王，聯合起來，帶著他們所有的軍隊上去，在基遍的對面安營，攻打基遍。
約書亞擊敗五王
6 基遍人就派人到吉甲營中約書亞那裡去，說：“不可丟棄你的僕人，求你快快上我們這裡來拯救我們、幫助我們；因為住在山地的亞摩利人所有的王都集合起來攻擊我們。” 7 於是約書亞和所有能作戰的人，以及所有英勇的戰士，都一起從吉甲上去。 8 耶和華對約書亞說：“你不要怕他們，因為我已經把他們交在你手裡了；他們必沒有一人能在你面前站立得住。” 9 於是約書亞乘夜從吉甲上去，突然來到他們那裡。 10 耶和華使他們在以色列人面前潰亂，約書亞在基遍大大地擊殺他們，沿著伯．和崙的上坡路追趕他們，擊打他們，直到亞西加和瑪基大。 11 他們從以色列人面前逃跑，正在下伯．和崙斜坡的時候，耶和華從天上降大冰雹在他們身上，一直到亞西加，打死他們；被冰雹打死的，比以色列人用刀殺死的還多。
日月停止
12 那時，就是耶和華把亞摩利人交給以色列人的時候，約書亞在以色列人面前對耶和華說：
“太陽啊，停在基遍；
月亮啊，停在亞雅崙谷。”
13 於是太陽停住，月亮站住，直到以色列人在仇敵的身上報了仇。這事不是寫在《雅煞珥書》上嗎？太陽在天空中站住，不急速下落，約有一整天。 14 在這日以前或這日以後，耶和華聽人的禱告，沒有像這日一樣的，因為耶和華為以色列作戰。 15 後來，約書亞和眾以色列人回到吉甲營那裡去。
生擒五王就地正法
16 那五個王逃跑了，躲藏在瑪基大洞裡。 17 有人告訴約書亞，說：“那五個王已經找到了，都躲藏在瑪基大洞裡。” 18 約書亞說：“你們把幾塊大石頭輥到洞口那裡去，並派人到洞口去看守他們。 19 你們卻不可站著，要追趕你們的仇敵，從後面擊殺他們，不可讓他們逃進自己的城中，因為耶和華你們的 神已經把他們交在你們的手裡了。” 20 約書亞和以色列人把他們殺得慘敗，直到把他們滅絕為止，那些逃脫的人都逃進設防的城裡； 21 眾以色列人都平平安安回到瑪基大營中約書亞那裡。沒有人敢說話攻擊以色列人。
22 約書亞說：“你們打開洞口，把那五個王從洞裡拉出來，帶到我這裡來。” 23 眾人就照著執行，他們把那五個王，就是耶路撒冷王、希伯崙王、耶末王、拉吉王和伊磯倫王，從洞裡拉出來，帶到約書亞那裡去。 24 眾人把那五個王帶到約書亞那裡去的時候，約書亞把所有的以色列人都召了來，對那些與他同去作戰的軍長說：“你們走前來，把腳踏在這些王的頸項上。”他們就走前來，把腳踏在那些王的頸項上。 25 約書亞對他們說：“你們不要懼怕，不要驚慌；總要堅強勇敢，因為耶和華必這樣對待你們要攻打的所有仇敵。” 26 隨後，約書亞把那五個王殺死，懸在五棵樹上；他們就懸在樹上，直到晚上。 27 到了日落的時候，約書亞吩咐人把他們從樹上取下來，丟在他們躲藏過的洞裡，把幾塊大石頭放在洞口；這些石頭一直存到今日。
約書亞攻取南部各城
28 在那天，約書亞佔領了瑪基大，用刀擊殺了那城的人和那城的王，把城中所有的人完全毀滅，不容一人逃脫；他對待瑪基大王就像對待耶利哥王一樣。
29 約書亞和跟他在一起的眾以色列人從瑪基大往立拿去，攻打立拿。 30 耶和華把立拿和立拿的王也交在以色列人手裡，約書亞用刀攻擊那城，殺了城裡所有的人，不容一人逃脫；他對待立拿王就像對待耶利哥王一樣。
31 約書亞和跟他在一起的眾以色列人從立拿往拉吉去，對著拉吉安營，攻打這城。 32 耶和華把拉吉交在以色列人手裡，第二天約書亞就佔領了拉吉，用刀攻擊那城，殺了城中所有的人，跟他對立拿所行的一切一樣。
33 那時，基色王荷蘭上來幫助拉吉，約書亞就把他和他的人民都擊殺了，沒有留下一人。
34 約書亞和與他在一起的眾以色列人從拉吉往伊磯倫去，對著伊磯倫安營，攻打這城。 35 那一天，他們佔領了這城，用刀攻擊那城，殺了城中所有的人；那一天約書亞把他們完全毀滅，跟他對拉吉所行的一切一樣。
36 約書亞和與他在一起的眾以色列人從伊磯倫上希伯崙去，攻打這城。 37 他們佔領了這城，用刀攻擊這城，殺了這城的王，又攻擊屬於這城的城鎮，殺了城中所有的人，不容一人逃脫，跟他對伊磯倫所行的一切一樣，把這城和城中所有的人完全毀滅。
38 約書亞和與他在一起的眾以色列人回到了底璧，攻打這城。 39 約書亞佔領了這城，抓住這城的王，又佔領了屬於這城的一切城鎮；以色列人用刀擊殺他們，把城中所有的人都毀滅了；約書亞不容一人逃脫，他怎樣對待希伯崙，也照樣對待底璧和底璧的王；也好像他對待立拿和立拿的王一樣。
40 這樣，約書亞擊殺了全地的人，就是山地、南地、高原和山坡的人，以及那些地方所有的王，不容一人逃脫；約書亞照著耶和華以色列的 神的吩咐，把有氣息的都完全毀滅了。 41 約書亞從加低斯．巴尼亞擊殺他們，直到迦薩，又從歌珊全地擊殺他們，直到基遍。 42 約書亞在這一次戰役中擊敗了這些王和佔領了他們的地，是因為耶和華以色列的 神為以色列作戰。 43 於是約書亞和與他在一起的眾以色列人回到吉甲營中。
约书亚记 10
Chinese Contemporary Bible (Simplified)
太阳停止
10 耶路撒冷王亚多尼·洗德听说约书亚夺取并毁灭了艾城，像对付耶利哥和耶利哥王一样对付艾城和艾城的王，又听说基遍人已经跟以色列人立了盟约，住在他们中间， 2 便大为恐惧。因为基遍是一座大城，宏伟得像座都城，比艾城更大，城中的人都骁勇善战。 3 耶路撒冷王亚多尼·洗德便派遣使者去见希伯仑王何咸、耶末王毗兰、拉吉王雅非亚和伊矶伦王底璧，说： 4 “求你们上来帮助我攻打基遍，因为这城已经与约书亚和以色列人立了和约。” 5 这五位亚摩利王便联合起来，率领他们所有的军队在基遍附近扎营，攻打基遍。
6 基遍人派人去吉甲告诉约书亚说：“住在山区的亚摩利众王正联合起来攻打我们，求你赶快来救我们！不要不顾你的仆人。” 7 于是，约书亚便率领他的全军，包括所有的精兵，从吉甲上去。 8 耶和华对约书亚说：“不要害怕，我已经把他们交在你手中，他们没有一人能抵挡你。” 9 约书亚从吉甲出发，连夜赶路，突袭敌人。 10 耶和华使亚摩利联军阵脚大乱，以色列人就在基遍大败敌军，在去伯·和仑的上坡路上追杀他们，一直追到亚西加和玛基大。 11 敌人在从伯·和仑到亚西加的下坡路上逃窜的时候，耶和华降下大冰雹，被冰雹砸死的人比以色列人用刀杀死的还要多。
12 耶和华将亚摩利人交在以色列人手中，那天约书亚当众向耶和华祷告：
“太阳啊，停在基遍！
月亮啊，停在亚雅仑谷！”
13 果然太阳停住了，
月亮也不动了，
直到以色列人杀败敌人。
《雅煞珥书》记载了这事。约有一天的时间，太阳停留在天空，没有西沉。 14 耶和华这样垂听一个人的祈求是空前绝后的，这是因为耶和华要为以色列争战。
15 后来，约书亚率领以色列军返回了吉甲的营地。
亚摩利五王被杀
16 那五王逃进玛基大的山洞里，躲藏起来。 17 有人告诉约书亚那五个王藏在玛基大的山洞里， 18 约书亚便下令说：“滚几块大石头堵住洞口，派人看守。 19 你们不可停下来，要继续追杀敌人，不要让他们逃回城，你们的上帝耶和华已经把他们交在你们手中了。” 20 约书亚和以色列人把敌人杀得大败，几乎全军覆没，一些残余都逃进了坚固的城垒。 21 以色列人都安然无恙地回到约书亚驻扎的玛基大营。再也没有人敢威胁以色列人了。
22 约书亚说：“打开洞口，把里面的五个王押出来见我。” 23 众人便把耶路撒冷王、希伯仑王、耶末王、拉吉王、伊矶伦王从洞里押出来，带到约书亚面前。 24 约书亚召来全体以色列人，然后对那些跟他一起出征的将领说：“你们上前来，用脚踏在这些王的颈上。”各将领便照着约书亚的吩咐做了。 25 约书亚对他们说：“你们不要害怕，也不要惊慌，应该刚强勇敢，因为耶和华要使你们所有的仇敌都落此下场。” 26 随后约书亚将这五个王杀死，把尸体分别挂在五棵树上，直到傍晚。 27 日落时，约书亚才下令把尸体放下，丢在他们先前躲藏的山洞里，用大石头堵住洞口，石头至今还在那里。
28 约书亚在当天占领了玛基大，把玛基大王和所有的居民都杀了，一个没留。他对待玛基大王跟以前对待耶利哥王一样。
29 约书亚和以色列军又从玛基大出发，去攻打立拿。 30 耶和华将立拿城和立拿王交在以色列人手中，他们杀了全城的人，一个没留。他们对待立拿王跟以前对待耶利哥王一样。
31 约书亚和以色列军从立拿前往拉吉，他们在城外扎营，攻打拉吉。 32 耶和华将拉吉交在以色列人手中，第二天约书亚便攻占了拉吉，杀了全城的人，就像在立拿所行的一样。 33 基色王何兰前来支持拉吉，结果也被约书亚杀得一个不剩。
34 约书亚又率领以色列全军从拉吉前往伊矶伦，在城外扎营，攻打伊矶伦。 35 他们当天就攻陷该城，杀了城内所有的人，就像在拉吉所行的一样。
36 约书亚和全体以色列人又从伊矶伦去攻打希伯仑。 37 他们攻陷该城及其附属城邑，杀了希伯仑王和城邑中的居民，一个没留，就像在伊矶伦所行的一样。
38 然后，约书亚和全体以色列人再回兵攻打底璧， 39 攻取了该城及其附属城邑，擒获底璧王，杀了城中所有的人，一个没留，就像对待希伯仑、立拿和立拿王一样。
40 这样，约书亚征服了整个地区，包括山区、南地、丘陵和山坡，按照以色列的上帝耶和华的吩咐杀了当地的诸王和所有的居民，一个没留。 41 约书亚征服了各地，从加低斯·巴尼亚到加萨，歌珊全境，直到基遍。 42 约书亚能一鼓作气杀败诸王，征服他们的土地，都是因为有以色列的上帝耶和华为以色列人争战。 43 之后，约书亚率领以色列人回到吉甲的营地。
Joshua 10
New English Translation
Israel Defeats an Amorite Coalition
10 Adoni-Zedek, king of Jerusalem, heard how Joshua captured Ai and annihilated it and its king as he did Jericho and its king.[a] He also heard how[b] the people of Gibeon made peace with Israel and lived among them. 2 All Jerusalem was terrified[c] because Gibeon was a large city, like one of the royal cities. It was larger than Ai and all its men were warriors. 3 So King Adoni-Zedek of Jerusalem sent this message to King Hoham of Hebron, King Piram of Jarmuth, King Japhia of Lachish, and King Debir of Eglon: 4 “Come to my aid[d] so we can attack Gibeon, for it has made peace with Joshua and the Israelites.” 5 So the five Amorite kings (the kings of Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, and Eglon) and all their troops gathered together and advanced. They deployed their troops and fought against Gibeon.[e]
6 The men of Gibeon sent this message to Joshua at the camp in Gilgal, “Do not abandon[f] your subjects![g] Come up here quickly and rescue us! Help us! For all the Amorite kings living in the hill country are attacking us.”[h] 7 So Joshua and his whole army, including the bravest warriors, marched up from Gilgal.[i] 8 The Lord told Joshua, “Don’t be afraid of them, for I am handing them over to you.[j] Not one of them can resist you.”[k] 9 Joshua attacked them by surprise after marching all night from Gilgal.[l] 10 The Lord routed[m] them before Israel. Israel[n] thoroughly defeated them[o] at Gibeon. They chased them up the road to the pass[p] of Beth Horon and struck them down all the way to Azekah and Makkedah. 11 As they fled from Israel on the slope leading down from[q] Beth Horon, the Lord threw down on them large hailstones from the sky,[r] all the way to Azekah. They died—in fact, more died from the hailstones than the Israelites killed with the sword.
12 The day the Lord delivered the Amorites over to the Israelites, Joshua prayed to the Lord before Israel:[s]
“O sun, stand still over Gibeon;
O moon, over the Valley of Aijalon!”
13 The sun stood still and the moon stood motionless while the nation took vengeance on its enemies. The event is recorded in the Scroll of the Upright One.[t] The sun stood motionless in the middle of the sky and did not set for about a full day.[u] 14 There has not been a day like it before or since. The Lord listened to a human being, for the Lord fought for Israel! 15 Then Joshua and all Israel returned to the camp at Gilgal.
16 The five Amorite kings[v] ran away and hid in the cave at Makkedah. 17 Joshua was told, “The five kings have been found hiding in the cave at Makkedah.” 18 Joshua said, “Roll large stones over the mouth of the cave and post guards in front of it.[w] 19 But don’t you delay! Chase your enemies and catch them.[x] Don’t allow them to retreat to[y] their cities, for the Lord your God is handing them over to you.”[z] 20 Joshua and the Israelites almost totally wiped them out, but some survivors did escape to the fortified cities.[aa] 21 Then the whole army safely returned to Joshua at the camp in Makkedah.[ab] No one[ac] dared threaten the Israelites.[ad] 22 Joshua said, “Open the cave’s mouth and bring the five kings[ae] out of the cave to me.” 23 They did as ordered;[af] they brought the five kings[ag] out of the cave to him—the kings of Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, and Eglon. 24 When they brought the kings out to Joshua, he[ah] summoned all the men of Israel and said to the commanders of the troops who accompanied him, “Come here[ai] and put your feet on the necks of these kings.” So they came up[aj] and put their feet on their necks. 25 Then Joshua said to them, “Don’t be afraid and don’t panic![ak] Be strong and brave, for the Lord will do the same thing to all your enemies you fight.” 26 Then Joshua executed them[al] and hung them on five trees. They were left hanging on the trees until evening. 27 At sunset Joshua ordered his men to take them down from the trees.[am] They threw them into the cave where they had hidden and piled large stones over the mouth of the cave. (They remain to this very day.)[an]
Joshua Launches a Southern Campaign
28 That day Joshua captured Makkedah and put the sword to it and its king. He annihilated everyone who lived in it; he left no survivors. He did to its king what he had done to the king of Jericho.
29 Joshua and all Israel marched from Makkedah to Libnah and fought against it.[ao] 30 The Lord handed it and its king over to Israel, and Israel[ap] put the sword to all who lived there; they[aq] left no survivors. They did to its king what they had done to the king of Jericho.
31 Joshua and all Israel marched from Libnah to Lachish. He deployed his troops[ar] and fought against it. 32 The Lord handed Lachish over to Israel, and they[as] captured it on the second day. They put the sword to all who lived there, just as they had done to Libnah. 33 Then King Horam of Gezer came up to help Lachish, but Joshua struck him down, as well as his army,[at] until no survivors remained.
34 Joshua and all Israel marched from Lachish to Eglon. They deployed troops[au] and fought against it. 35 That day they captured it and put the sword to all who lived there. That day they[av] annihilated it just as they had done to Lachish.
36 Joshua and all Israel marched up from Eglon to Hebron and fought against it. 37 They captured it and put the sword to its king, all its surrounding cities, and all who lived in it; they[aw] left no survivors. As they had done at Eglon, they annihilated it and all who lived there.
38 Joshua and all Israel turned to Debir and fought against it. 39 They[ax] captured it, its king, and all its surrounding cities and put the sword to them. They annihilated everyone who lived there; they[ay] left no survivors. They did to Debir and its king what they had done to Libnah and its king and to Hebron.[az]
40 Joshua defeated the whole land, including the hill country, the Negev,[ba] the foothills,[bb] the slopes,[bc] and all their kings. He left no survivors. He annihilated everything that breathed, just as the Lord God of Israel had commanded. 41 Joshua conquered the area between Kadesh Barnea and Gaza and the whole region of Goshen, all the way to Gibeon.[bd] 42 Joshua captured in one campaign[be] all these kings and their lands, for the Lord God of Israel fought for Israel. 43 Then Joshua and all Israel returned to the camp at Gilgal.
Footnotes
- Joshua 10:1 tn Heb “as he had done to Jericho and to its king, so he did to Ai and to its king.”
- Joshua 10:1 tn Heb “and how.”
- Joshua 10:2 tn This statement is subordinated to v. 1 in the Hebrew text, which reads literally, “When Adoni-Zedek…they feared greatly.” The subject of the plural verb at the beginning of v. 2 is probably the residents of Jerusalem.
- Joshua 10:4 tn Heb “Come up to me and help me.”
- Joshua 10:5 tn Heb “and they camped against Gibeon and fought against it.”
- Joshua 10:6 tn Heb “do not let your hand drop from us.”
- Joshua 10:6 tn Heb “your servants!”
- Joshua 10:6 tn Heb “have gathered against us.”
- Joshua 10:7 tn Heb “And Joshua went up from Gilgal, he and all the people of war with him, and all the brave warriors.”
- Joshua 10:8 tn Heb “I have given them into your hand.” The verbal form is a perfect of certitude, emphasizing the certainty of the action.
- Joshua 10:8 tn Heb “and not a man [or “one”] of them will stand before you.”
- Joshua 10:9 tn Heb “Joshua came upon them suddenly, all the night he went up from Gilgal.”
- Joshua 10:10 tn Or “caused to panic.”
- Joshua 10:10 tn Heb “he.” The referent is probably Israel (mentioned at the end of the previous sentence in the verse; cf. NIV, NRSV), but it is also possible that the Lord should be understood as the referent (cf. NASB “and He slew them with a great slaughter at Gibeon”), or even Joshua (cf. NEB “and Joshua defeated them utterly in Gibeon”).
- Joshua 10:10 tn Heb “struck them down with a great striking down.”
- Joshua 10:10 tn Or “ascent.”
- Joshua 10:11 tn Heb “on the descent of.”
- Joshua 10:11 tn Or “heaven” (also in v. 13). The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heaven(s)” or “sky” depending on the context.
- Joshua 10:12 tn Heb “Then Joshua spoke to the Lord in the day the Lord placed the Amorites before the sons of Israel and he said in the eyes of Israel.” It is uncertain whether the phrase “before the sons of Israel” modifies the verb “placed” (as in the present translation, “delivered the Amorites over to the Israelites”) or the verb “spoke” (“Joshua spoke to the Lord before the sons of Israel in the day the Lord delivered over the Amorites”).
- Joshua 10:13 tn Heb “Is it not written down in the Scroll of the Upright One?” Many modern translations render this as “the Book of Jashar.” Yashar (יָשָׁר) means “Upright One.”sn The Scroll of the Upright One was apparently an ancient Israelite collection of songs and prayers (see also 2 Sam 1:18), but it has not been preserved.
- Joshua 10:13 tn Heb “and did not hurry to set [for] about a full day.”sn The nature of the event described here is debated. Various options have been suggested, including (1) the earth stopped rotating, (2) the light of the sun somehow shone longer than normal, (3) the light of the sun was blocked by an eclipse, (4) the position of the sun and moon in the sky was interpreted as an omen, or (5) the language is figurative and metaphorical, describing the battle in poetic terms. For a good discussion of these options, see D. M. Howard, Jr., Joshua (NAC), 241-49.
- Joshua 10:16 tn Heb “these five kings.”
- Joshua 10:18 tn Heb “and appoint by it men to guard them.”
- Joshua 10:19 tn Heb “But [as for] you, don’t stand still, chase after your enemies and attack them from the rear.”
- Joshua 10:19 tn Or “enter into.”
- Joshua 10:19 tn Heb “has given them into your hand.” The verbal form is a perfect of certitude, emphasizing the certainty of the action.
- Joshua 10:20 tn Heb “When Joshua and the sons of Israel finished defeating them with a very great defeat until they were destroyed (now the survivors escaped to the fortified cities).” In the Hebrew text the initial temporal clause (“when Joshua…finished”) is subordinated to v. 21 (“the whole army returned”).
- Joshua 10:21 tn Heb “all the people returned to the camp, to Joshua [at] Makkedah [in] peace.”
- Joshua 10:21 tc Heb “No man.” The lamed (ל) prefixed to אִישׁ (ʾish, “man”) is probably dittographic (note the immediately preceding יִשְׂרָאֵל [yisraʾel] which ends in lamed, ל); cf. the LXX.
- Joshua 10:21 tn Heb “no man sharpened [or perhaps, “pointed”] his tongue against the sons of Israel.” Cf. NEB “not a man of the Israelites suffered so much as a scratch on his tongue,” which understands “sharpened” as “scratched” (referring to a minor wound). Most modern translations understand the Hebrew expression “sharpened his tongue” figuratively for opposition or threats against the Israelites.
- Joshua 10:22 tn Heb “these five kings.”
- Joshua 10:23 tn Heb “they did so.”
- Joshua 10:23 tn Heb “these five kings.”
- Joshua 10:24 tn Heb “Joshua.” The translation has replaced the proper name with the pronoun (“he”) because a repetition of the proper name here would be redundant according to English style.
- Joshua 10:24 tn Or “Draw near.”
- Joshua 10:24 tn Or “drew near.”
- Joshua 10:25 tn Or perhaps “and don’t get discouraged!”
- Joshua 10:26 tn Heb “struck them down and killed them.”
- Joshua 10:27 sn For the legal background of the removal of the corpses before sundown, see Deut 21:22-23.
- Joshua 10:27 tn Heb “to this very day.” The words “They remain” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
- Joshua 10:29 tn Heb “Libnah.” Repetition of the proper name here would be redundant according to English style, so the pronoun (“it”) has been employed in the translation.
- Joshua 10:30 tn Heb “he”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).
- Joshua 10:30 tn Heb “he”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army). So also for “They did to its king” and “they had done.”
- Joshua 10:31 tn Heb “encamped against it.”
- Joshua 10:32 tn Heb “he”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).
- Joshua 10:33 tn Heb “people.”
- Joshua 10:34 tn Heb “they encamped against it.”
- Joshua 10:35 tn Heb “he”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army). So also for “they had done to Lachish.”
- Joshua 10:37 tn Heb “he”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army). So also for “they had done” and “they annihilated.”
- Joshua 10:39 tn Heb “He”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).
- Joshua 10:39 tn Heb “he”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army). So also for “They did to Debir” and “they had done to Libnah.”
- Joshua 10:39 tn Heb “as he did to Hebron, so he did to Debir and its king, and as he did to Libnah and its king.” The clauses have been rearranged in the translation for stylistic reasons.
- Joshua 10:40 sn The Negev is an area of central southern Judah, south of the hill country and west of the rift valley. As a geographic feature it is a depression extending south to the Gulf of Aqabah, but the biblical reference is probably to the northern portion of the region.
- Joshua 10:40 sn The foothills (שְׁפֵלָה, shephelah) are the transition region from the hill country to the Mediterranean coastal plains.
- Joshua 10:40 sn In contrast to the foothills on the western side of the hill country, the slopes are on the eastern side leading down to the rift valley of the Dead Sea and Jordan river.
- Joshua 10:41 tn Heb “and Joshua struck them down, from Kadesh Barnea even to Gaza, and all the land of Goshen, even to Gibeon.”
- Joshua 10:42 tn Heb “at one time.”
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