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De, der bliver genfødt ved Guds Ånd, får evigt liv

En aften efter mørkets frembrud kom en af de jødiske ledere, en farisæer ved navn Nikodemus, for at tale med Jesus. „Mester,” sagde han, „vi er klar over, at Gud har sendt dig, for ingen kunne gøre de mirakler, du gør, hvis ikke Gud var med ham.”

Da sagde Jesus: „Det siger jeg dig: Det er kun, hvis et menneske bliver født igen,[a] at det kan komme ind i Guds rige.”

„Hvad mener du?” udbrød Nikodemus. „Et voksent menneske kan da umuligt komme ind i sin mors mave igen og blive født endnu en gang?”

Jesus svarede: „Det siger jeg dig: Det er kun, hvis et menneske bliver født af både vand[b] og ånd, at det kan komme ind i Guds rige. Et menneske føder et menneskebarn, men Guds Ånd føder et åndeligt barn. Du skal ikke være så forundret over, at jeg sagde, at I skal fødes igen. Tænk på vinden.[c] Den blæser, hvorhen den vil. Du kan ikke se, hvor den kommer fra, eller hvor den skal hen, men du kan høre dens susen. Sådan er det også, når Guds Ånd giver et menneske åndeligt liv.”

„Jamen, hvordan kan det ske?” spurgte Nikodemus.

10 Jesus svarede: „Du er lærer for Israels folk. Forstår du det ikke? 11 Det siger jeg dig: Vi taler om det, vi kender til, og vi fortæller om det, vi har set—men I tror ikke på os! 12 Hvis I ikke tror mig, når jeg fortæller jer om de jordiske ting, hvordan skulle I så kunne tro mig, hvis jeg begyndte at fortælle jer om de himmelske? 13 Intet menneske har fået lov at se, hvad der er i Himlen, undtagen Menneskesønnen, som jo er kommet ned fra Himlen.

14-15 Ligesom Moses løftede kobberslangen op og satte den fast på en stang ude i ørkenen, og de, der så hen på den, reddede livet,[d] sådan skal Menneskesønnen løftes op, så enhver, der ser hen til ham og tror på ham, vil få det evige liv.”

16 Gud elskede nemlig verden så højt, at han gav sin eneste Søn, for at enhver, der tror på ham, ikke skal gå fortabt, men få det evige liv. 17 Gud sendte ikke sin Søn til verden for at dømme verden, men for at verden gennem ham kunne opleve frelse.

18 De, der tror på ham, bliver ikke dømt. Men de, der ikke tror på ham, er allerede dømt, for de har nægtet at tro på Guds egen Søn. 19 Dommen kommer som følge af menneskers egne valg. Da Lyset kom ind i verden, valgte de nemlig mørket frem for lyset. Det gjorde de, fordi deres handlinger var onde. 20 Onde mennesker hader lyset og undgår det. De ønsker ikke, at deres handlinger skal komme frem i lyset. 21 Men de, der følger sandheden, kommer frem i lyset, så det kan ses, at de har handlet efter Guds vilje.

Johannes Døbers opgave er ved at være slut

22 Efter sit ophold i Jerusalem vandrede Jesus rundt i Judæa sammen med sine disciple, hvor mange kom til dem og blev døbt.

23 Men også Johannes døbte stadig mange mennesker, for folk blev ved med at strømme ud til ham. Han opholdt sig oppe ved Ænon i nærheden af Salem, hvor der var masser af vand. 24 (Johannes var endnu ikke blevet kastet i fængsel.)

25 En dag kom Johannes’ disciple i diskussion med en af de jødiske ledere om, hvem der havde ret til at døbe. 26 Efter diskussionen kom disciplene hen til Johannes og sagde: „Mester, den mand, som kom til dig øst for Jordanfloden, og som du har fortalt om, han døber også, og nu går alle folk over til ham!”

27 Johannes svarede: „Det er Gud, der giver hver enkelt af os vores særlige opgave. 28 I har jo selv hørt mig sige, at jeg ikke er Messias, men jeg blev udsendt for at bane vejen for ham. 29 Bruden tilhører brudgommen—men brudgommens ven, der står og venter på at høre brudgommens stemme, bliver glad, når han hører ham. Derfor glæder jeg mig af hele mit hjerte over det, som nu sker. 30 Hans betydning vil blive større og større, min vil blive mindre og mindre.”

Tro fører til liv—ulydighed fører til dom

31 Han, som er kommet ovenfra, står over alt og alle, men de, som kommer fra denne verden, hører denne verden til og er optaget af det, som hører denne verden til. Han, som er kommet fra Himlen, står over alt. 32 Han fortæller om det, han selv har set og hørt, og alligevel vil næsten ingen tro ham. 33 Men enhver, som er kommet til tro på hans ord, kan skrive under på, at Gud taler sandt. 34 Han, som Gud har sendt, taler Guds ord, for Gud giver ham af sin Ånd uden begrænsning. 35 Faderen elsker Sønnen og har overgivet alt i hans hænder. 36 Alle, der tror på Sønnen, har evigt liv, men de, der ikke adlyder ham, får ikke del i det liv. De forbliver under Guds dom.

Footnotes

  1. 3,3 Eller: „født på ny” eller „født en gang til”. Der er tale om en helt ny begyndelse og et helt nyt liv, som Gud skaber ved sin Ånd. Det græske ord kan også betyde „ovenfra”, men det passer ikke i denne sammenhæng.
  2. 3,5 Den græske tekst her siger egentlig „ud af vand”. Det er sandsynligvis en henvisning til fostervandet og dermed til den almindelige, fysiske fødsel i modsætning til den åndelige fødsel. Nikodemus havde misforstået Jesus, fordi han tænkte på en fysisk fødsel, mens Jesus talte om en åndelig fødsel. Forskellen mellem de to slags fødsler forklares nærmere i næste sætning.
  3. 3,8 Det græske ord, der bruges her, betyder egentlig ånd og kun sjældent vind, men Jesus bruger vinden som illustration på en sandhed om Åndens virke. Det tilsvarende hebraiske ord betyder både vind og ånd. I bibelsk sprogbrug er det Gud, som styrer vinden og bruger den som sit redskab, jf. Hebr. 1,7.
  4. 3,14-15 4.Mos. 21,1-9.

There was a man of the Pharisees, named Nicodemus, a ruler of the Jews:

The same came to Jesus by night, and said unto him, Rabbi, we know that thou art a teacher come from God: for no man can do these miracles that thou doest, except God be with him.

Jesus answered and said unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God.

Nicodemus saith unto him, How can a man be born when he is old? can he enter the second time into his mother's womb, and be born?

Jesus answered, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born of water and of the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God.

That which is born of the flesh is flesh; and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit.

Marvel not that I said unto thee, Ye must be born again.

The wind bloweth where it listeth, and thou hearest the sound thereof, but canst not tell whence it cometh, and whither it goeth: so is every one that is born of the Spirit.

Nicodemus answered and said unto him, How can these things be?

10 Jesus answered and said unto him, Art thou a master of Israel, and knowest not these things?

11 Verily, verily, I say unto thee, We speak that we do know, and testify that we have seen; and ye receive not our witness.

12 If I have told you earthly things, and ye believe not, how shall ye believe, if I tell you of heavenly things?

13 And no man hath ascended up to heaven, but he that came down from heaven, even the Son of man which is in heaven.

14 And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of man be lifted up:

15 That whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have eternal life.

16 For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.

17 For God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that the world through him might be saved.

18 He that believeth on him is not condemned: but he that believeth not is condemned already, because he hath not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God.

19 And this is the condemnation, that light is come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil.

20 For every one that doeth evil hateth the light, neither cometh to the light, lest his deeds should be reproved.

21 But he that doeth truth cometh to the light, that his deeds may be made manifest, that they are wrought in God.

22 After these things came Jesus and his disciples into the land of Judaea; and there he tarried with them, and baptized.

23 And John also was baptizing in Aenon near to Salim, because there was much water there: and they came, and were baptized.

24 For John was not yet cast into prison.

25 Then there arose a question between some of John's disciples and the Jews about purifying.

26 And they came unto John, and said unto him, Rabbi, he that was with thee beyond Jordan, to whom thou barest witness, behold, the same baptizeth, and all men come to him.

27 John answered and said, A man can receive nothing, except it be given him from heaven.

28 Ye yourselves bear me witness, that I said, I am not the Christ, but that I am sent before him.

29 He that hath the bride is the bridegroom: but the friend of the bridegroom, which standeth and heareth him, rejoiceth greatly because of the bridegroom's voice: this my joy therefore is fulfilled.

30 He must increase, but I must decrease.

31 He that cometh from above is above all: he that is of the earth is earthly, and speaketh of the earth: he that cometh from heaven is above all.

32 And what he hath seen and heard, that he testifieth; and no man receiveth his testimony.

33 He that hath received his testimony hath set to his seal that God is true.

34 For he whom God hath sent speaketh the words of God: for God giveth not the Spirit by measure unto him.

35 The Father loveth the Son, and hath given all things into his hand.

36 He that believeth on the Son hath everlasting life: and he that believeth not the Son shall not see life; but the wrath of God abideth on him.

You Must Be Born Again

Now there was a man of the Pharisees named (A)Nicodemus, (B)a ruler of the Jews. This man came to Jesus[a] (C)by night and said to him, (D)“Rabbi, (E)we know that you are a teacher come from God, for no one can do these signs that you do (F)unless God is with him.” Jesus answered him, “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is (G)born (H)again[b] he cannot (I)see the kingdom of God.” Nicodemus said to him, “How can a man be born when he is old? Can he enter a second time into his mother's womb and be born?” Jesus answered, “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is born (J)of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God. (K)That which is born of the flesh is (L)flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit.[c] (M)Do not marvel that I said to you, ‘You[d] must be born (N)again.’ (O)The wind[e] blows (P)where it wishes, and you hear its sound, but you do not know where it comes from or where it goes. So it is with everyone who is born of the Spirit.”

Nicodemus said to him, (Q)“How can these things be?” 10 Jesus answered him, “Are you the teacher of Israel (R)and yet you do not understand these things? 11 Truly, truly, I say to you, (S)we speak of what we know, and bear witness to what we have seen, but (T)you[f] do not receive our testimony. 12 If I have told you earthly things and you do not believe, how can you believe if I tell you heavenly things? 13 (U)No one has (V)ascended into heaven except (W)he who descended from heaven, the Son of Man.[g] 14 And (X)as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, so must the Son of Man (Y)be lifted up, 15 that whoever believes (Z)in him (AA)may have eternal life.[h]

For God So Loved the World

16 “For (AB)God so loved (AC)the world,[i] (AD)that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not (AE)perish but have eternal life. 17 For (AF)God did not send his Son into the world (AG)to condemn the world, but in order that the world might be saved through him. 18 (AH)Whoever believes in him is not condemned, but whoever does not believe is condemned already, because he has not (AI)believed in the name of the only Son of God. 19 (AJ)And this is the judgment: (AK)the light has come into the world, and (AL)people loved the darkness rather than the light because (AM)their works were evil. 20 (AN)For everyone who does wicked things hates the light and does not come to the light, (AO)lest his works should be exposed. 21 But whoever (AP)does what is true (AQ)comes to the light, so that it may be clearly seen that his works have been carried out in God.”

John the Baptist Exalts Christ

22 After this Jesus and his disciples went into the Judean countryside, and he remained there with them and (AR)was baptizing. 23 John also was baptizing at Aenon near Salim, because water was plentiful there, and people were coming and being baptized 24 (for (AS)John had not yet been put in prison).

25 Now a discussion arose between some of John's disciples and a Jew over (AT)purification. 26 And they came to John and said to him, (AU)“Rabbi, he who was with you across the Jordan, (AV)to whom you bore witness—look, he is baptizing, and (AW)all are going to him.” 27 John answered, (AX)“A person cannot receive even one thing (AY)unless it is given him (AZ)from heaven. 28 You yourselves bear me witness, that I said, (BA)‘I am not the Christ, but (BB)I have been sent before him.’ 29 (BC)The one who has the bride is the bridegroom. (BD)The friend of the bridegroom, who stands and hears him, (BE)rejoices greatly at the bridegroom's voice. Therefore this joy of mine is now complete. 30 (BF)He must increase, but I must decrease.”[j]

31 (BG)He who comes from above (BH)is above all. He who is of the earth belongs to the earth and (BI)speaks in an earthly way. (BJ)He who comes from heaven (BK)is above all. 32 (BL)He bears witness to what he has seen and heard, (BM)yet no one receives his testimony. 33 Whoever receives his testimony (BN)sets his seal to this, (BO)that God is true. 34 For he whom (BP)God has sent utters the words of God, for he gives the Spirit (BQ)without measure. 35 (BR)The Father loves the Son and (BS)has given all things into his hand. 36 (BT)Whoever believes in the Son has eternal life; (BU)whoever does not obey the Son shall not (BV)see life, but the wrath of God remains on him.

Footnotes

  1. John 3:2 Greek him
  2. John 3:3 Or from above; the Greek is purposely ambiguous and can mean both again and from above; also verse 7
  3. John 3:6 The same Greek word means both wind and spirit
  4. John 3:7 The Greek for you is plural here
  5. John 3:8 The same Greek word means both wind and spirit
  6. John 3:11 The Greek for you is plural here; also four times in verse 12
  7. John 3:13 Some manuscripts add who is in heaven
  8. John 3:15 Some interpreters hold that the quotation ends at verse 15
  9. John 3:16 Or For this is how God loved the world
  10. John 3:30 Some interpreters hold that the quotation continues through verse 36